Electrolytes
These
are ionic substances which can conduct electric current in
o molten (melted) state
o aqueous solution.
Electrolytes dissociate into ions (charged particles) in molten state or in solutions. For current to be conducted, these ions must be free to move. In an electrolytic cell, the positive ions (cations) are attracted to the (negative) electrode known as the cathode. The negative ions (anions) of the electrolyte, on the other hand, are attracted to the anode. When the electrodes are connected to an electrical supply, the freely moving ions in the electrolyte migrate to the respective electrodes.
Examples of electrolytes and non-electrolytes include
o keadaan lebur
o larutan akues.
Elektrolit mengurai kepada ion-ion (zarah-zarah bercas) dalam keadaan lebur atau dalam larutan. Untuk arus elektrik mengalir, ion-ion dalam elektrolit mesti bebas bergerak. Dalam sel elektrolitik, ion-ion positif (kation) tertarik kepada elektrod (negatif) yang dinamakan katod. Ion-ion negatif (anion) pula tertarik kepada elektrod yang dinamakan anod. Apabila elektrod-eletrod dipasangkan kepada bekalan elektrik, ion-ion bercas yang bebas akan bergerak ke elektrod masing-masing.
Contoh-contoh elektrolit dan bukan elektrolit termasuk:
o molten (melted) state
o aqueous solution.
Electrolytes dissociate into ions (charged particles) in molten state or in solutions. For current to be conducted, these ions must be free to move. In an electrolytic cell, the positive ions (cations) are attracted to the (negative) electrode known as the cathode. The negative ions (anions) of the electrolyte, on the other hand, are attracted to the anode. When the electrodes are connected to an electrical supply, the freely moving ions in the electrolyte migrate to the respective electrodes.
Examples of electrolytes and non-electrolytes include
| electrolytes | non-electrolytes |
| molten lead (II) bromide | sugar solution |
| molten zinc chloride | molten napthalene |
| copper (II) sulphate solution | trichloromethane |
| sodium chloride solution | benzene |
| hydrochloric acid | |
| sulphuric acid | |
| ethanoic acid (vinegar) | |
| ammonia dissolved in water |
Elektrolit
Elektrolit
merupakan bahan ionik yang boleh mengalirkan arus elektrik
dalam
o keadaan lebur
o larutan akues.
Elektrolit mengurai kepada ion-ion (zarah-zarah bercas) dalam keadaan lebur atau dalam larutan. Untuk arus elektrik mengalir, ion-ion dalam elektrolit mesti bebas bergerak. Dalam sel elektrolitik, ion-ion positif (kation) tertarik kepada elektrod (negatif) yang dinamakan katod. Ion-ion negatif (anion) pula tertarik kepada elektrod yang dinamakan anod. Apabila elektrod-eletrod dipasangkan kepada bekalan elektrik, ion-ion bercas yang bebas akan bergerak ke elektrod masing-masing.
Contoh-contoh elektrolit dan bukan elektrolit termasuk:
| electrolit | bukan-electrolit |
| plumbum (II) bromida lebur | larutan gula |
| zink klorida lebur | naftalen |
| larutan kuprum (II) sulfat | triklorometana |
| larutan natrium klorida | benzena |
| asid hidroklorik | |
| asid sulfurik | |
| asid etanoik (cuka) | |
| amonia yang terlarut dalam air |