List of Common Anions
An
anion is a negative ion.
Below
is a list of common (-) anions found in Chemistry.
-1
Charge:
| Name |
Symbol |
Commonly
found in: |
| Hydroxide |
OH- |
Bases
(NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2,
etc) |
| Nitride |
NO2- |
Preservatives
(NaNO2) Acid rain (HNO2) |
| Nitrate |
NO3- |
Fertilisers
(NaNO3,
KNO3,
NH4NO3,
etc) Nitric acid (HNO3) Acid rain (HNO3) Cold packs, explosives (NH4NO3) |
| Flouride |
F- | Toothpaste
(NaF) |
| Chloride |
Cl- | Table
salt (NaCl) Sea salt (KCl, MgCl2, etc) Hydrochloric acid (HCl) |
| Bromide |
Br- | Sedative
(KBr) Bromic acid (HBr) |
| Iodide |
I- | X-ray
imaging |
| Bicarbonate |
HCO3- | Baking
soda (NaHCO3) Blood (HCO3-) |
| Superoxide |
O2- | Chemical
oxygen generators (KO2) |
| Hypochlorite (Chlorate (I)) |
OCl- | Bleach
(NaOCl) |
| Chlorate,
perchlorate (Chlorate (V), chlorate (VII)) |
ClO3-, ClO4- | Oxidising
agents (KClO3) Rocket fuel (NH4ClO4) |
| Manganate
(VII) |
MnO4- | Oxidising agents (KMnO4) |
| Thiocyanate |
SCN- | Test
for iron (III) ion - reagent (KSCN) |
-2
Charge:
-2
Charge:| Name |
Symbol |
Commonly
found in: |
| Sulphate |
SO42- | Sulphuric
acid (H2SO4) |
| Carbonate |
CO32- | Acid
rain (H2CO3) Carbonic acid (H2CO3) Water softener, glass making (Na2CO3) Chalk (CaCO3) Green paint (CuCO3) |
| Oxide |
O2- | Metal
oxides (Fe2O3,
K2O,
CuO, etc) |
| Sulphide |
S2- | Fool's
gold (FeS2) Organic solvent (CS2) Phosphors (ZnS) |
| Thiosulphate |
S2O32- | Sodium
thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) |
| Peroxide |
O22- | Bleach,
oxidiser, propellant (H2O2) |
| Chromate
(VI) |
CrO42- | Oxidising
agent (K2CrO4) Yellow paint (PbCrO4) |
| Dichromate
(VI) |
Cr2O72- | Oxidising
agent (K2Cr2O7) Pyrotechnics ((NH4)2Cr2O7) |
-3 Charge:
| Name |
Symbol |
Commonly
found in: |
| Phosphate |
PO43- | Fertilisers
((NH4)3PO4) Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) |
| Hexacyanoferrate (III) | [Fe(CN)6]3- | Iron
(II) ion test - reagent (K3Fe(CN)6) Prussian blue (Fe7(CN)18 . 14H2O) |
-4
Charge:
| Name |
Symbol |
Commonly
found in: |
| Hexacyanoferrate
(II) |
[Fe(CN)6]4- | Iron
(III) ion test - reagent (K4Fe(CN)6) Prussian blue (Fe7(CN)18 . 14H2O) |
Anion
merupakan ion bercas negatif.
Senarai
di bawah menyenaraikan anion (-) yang biasa dijumpai dalam
bidang Kimia.
Cas
-1
| Nama |
Simbol |
Biasanya dijumpai dalam: |
| Hidroksida |
OH- |
Bes
(NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2,
dll) |
| Nitrida |
NO2- |
Bahan
awet (NaNO2) Hujan asid (HNO2) |
| Nitrat |
NO3- |
Baja
(NaNO3,
KNO3,
NH4NO3,
etc) Asid nitrik (HNO3) Hujan asid (HNO3) Pek sejuk, bahan letupan (NH4NO3) |
| Flourida |
F- | Ubat
gigi (NaF) |
| Klorida |
Cl- | Garam
(NaCl) Garam laut (KCl, MgCl2, etc) Asid hidroklorik (HCl) |
| Bromida |
Br- | Sedatif
(KBr) Asid bromik (HBr) |
| Iodida |
I- | Gambaran
sinar-X |
| Bikarbonat |
HCO3- | Soda
penaik (NaHCO3) Darah(HCO3-) |
| Superoksida |
O2- | Penjana
oksigen kimia (KO2) |
| Hypoklorit (Klorat (I)) |
OCl- | Pemutih (NaOCl) |
| Klorat, perklorat (Klorat (V), klorat (VII)) |
ClO3-, ClO4- | Agen pengoksidaan (KClO3) Bahan api roket (NH4ClO4) |
| Manganat
(VII) |
MnO4- | Agen pengoksidaan (KMnO4) |
| Tiosianat |
SCN- | Ujian
ion ferum (III) - bahan ujian (KSCN) |
Cas
-2
| Nama |
Simbol |
Commonly
found in: |
| Sulfat |
SO42- | Asid
sulfurik (H2SO4) |
| Karbonat |
CO32- | Hujan
asid (H2CO3) Asid karbonik (H2CO3) Pelembut air, pembuatan kaca (Na2CO3) Kapur (CaCO3) Cat hijau (CuCO3) |
| Oksida |
O2- | Oksida
logam (Fe2O3,
K2O,
CuO, etc) |
| Sulfida |
S2- | Eams
palsu (FeS2) Pelarut organik (CS2) Fosfor (ZnS) |
| Tiosulfat |
S2O32- | Natrium
tiosulfat (Na2S2O3) |
| Peroksida |
O22- | Pemutih,
agen pengoksidaan, bahan dorong (H2O2) |
| Kromat
(VI) |
CrO42- | Agen
pengoksidaan (K2CrO4) Cat kuning (PbCrO4) |
| Dikromat
(VI) |
Cr2O72- | Agen
pengoksidaan (K2Cr2O7) Piroteknik((NH4)2Cr2O7) |
Cas
-3
| Nama |
Simbol |
Biasanya dijumpai dalam: |
| Fosfat | PO43- | Baja
((NH4)3PO4) Asid fosforik (H3PO4) |
| Heksasianoferat (III) | [Fe(CN)6]3- | Ujian
ion ferum (II) - bahan ujian (K3Fe(CN)6) Biru Prusia (biru tua) (Fe7(CN)18 . 14H2O) |
Cas
-4
| Nama |
Simbol |
Biasanya dijumpai dalam: |
| Heksasianoferat
(II) |
[Fe(CN)6]4- | Ujian
ion ferum (III) - bahan ujian (K4Fe(CN)6) Biru Prusia (biru tua) (Fe7(CN)18 . 14H2O) |
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