Water Purification - Stages
(Water Treatment Plant)
Reservoir
-
river water
is collected and stored for treatment
Screening
Tank
-
screens out (removes) big objects
(such as rubbish/litter, fish,
leaves, branches, twigs and other
parts of trees)
Aeration
system
- oxygen
is added (dissolved) to rid the water
of bad smell and taste
Coagulation
tank
alum
- added to coagulate suspended particles
into big particles
so that they settle to the bottom
slaked
lime - added to reduced the
acidity of water
Sedimentation
tank
- particles
that have settled at the bottom
known as sediments are removed
Filtration
water
is passed through sand filters to
remove particles
Chlorination
chlorine is
added to kill harmful microorganisms
Fluoridation
- addition of fluoride
compounds; strengthens
bones and prevents tooth decay
Storage
supply tanks
- cleaned water
is stored before supplied to consumers
Pembersihan Air
(Loji Pembekalan Air)
Empangan
-
Air
sungai
dikumpul dan ditakung untuk pembersihan
Tangki Penskrinan
- menyingkirkan objek-objek bersaiz besar seperti sampah,
ikan, daun, dahan, ranting dan bahagian-bahagian lain pokok
Sistem Pengudaraan
- gas oksigen
dilarutkan
untuk mengeluarkan bau dan rasa tidak baik
Tangki
Penggumpalan
Air
ditambahkan
dengan
-
kapur
mati -
mengurangkan
keasidan air
-
alum
-
menggumpalkan
zarah-zarah
kecil (yang
terampai)
kepada
bahagian-bahagian
yang lebih
besar supaya
tenggelem ke
bawah
Tangki Pengenapan
- zarah-zarah
yang tenggelam
ke bawah
(mendakan)
dibuangkan
Penurasan
- Air
dituraskan
menggunakan
penapis pasir
untuk
mengasingkan zarah-zarah
Pengklorinan
-
Klorin ditambahkan untuk membunuh mikroorganisma
merbahaya
Penambahan Fluorin
- sebatian-sebatian fluorida ditambahkan untuk menguatkan
tulang dan mencegah gigi rosak
Tangki
Pembekalan
- Air
yang
telah dibersihkan ditakung sebelum dihantar kepada
pengguna-pengguna.