Additives in Detergents
Additives are put into detergents to
o improve the cleaning ability
o make them more commercially attractive
| antiseptic
agents |
eliminate microorganisms (that cause smell and diseases) |
| biological enzymes |
break down large molecules (fats
and proteins) to help remove them amylase, lipase, protease, cellulase |
| bleaches |
whiten the fabric sodium perborate NaH2BO4.3H2O |
| brighteners |
brighten and whiten the fabric,
fluorescent dyes reflect blue and white in UV light |
| builders | soften hard water, make water more
alkaline (increases pH value) sodium tripolyphosphate Na5P3O10 |
| drying agents | maintains
dryness of the detergent so that it is in powder form sodium sulphate Na2SO4, sodium silicate Na2O3Si |
| fragrances | make the fabric smell fresh (and smell
clean) |
| stabilisers |
reduce production of foam in washing machines (too much foam can cause damage) |
Bahan Tambahan Detergen