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Radioactive Decay
Radioactive decay is the process where an unstable nucleus (called the parent
nucleus) decays or disintegrates into two or more smaller daughter nuclei. In
the process, radioactive radiations are emitted. Three examples of radiation are
alpha particles (positive Helium nucleus), beta particles (negatively charged
electrons) and gamma rays (EM / electromagnetic radiation).
A summarised comparison
of the three rays is tabulated below:| alpha α | beta β | gamma γ | |
| what it is | helium nucleus | electrons | EM wave |
| charge | positive | negative | neutral |
| penetration power | low | average | high |
| ionising power | high | lower | low to almost none |
* EM = Electromagnetic
Reputan radioaktif
Keradioaktifan ialah proses di
mana nukleus yang tak stabil (dipanggil nukleus induk) mereput menjadi dua atau
lebih anak nukleus. Dalam proses ini, sinaran radioaktif dikeluarkan. Tiga
contoh sinaran ialah zarah-zarah alfa, zarah-zarah beta dan sinar gamma.
Perbandingan tiga sinaran ditunjukkan seperti dalam jadual di bawah.
| alfa α | beta β | gamma γ | |
| apakah sinaran ini | nukleus Helium | elektron | gelombang EM |
| cas | positif | negatif | neutral |
| kuasa penembusan | rendah | sederhana | tinggi |
| kuasa pengionan | tinggi | agak tinggi | tiada |
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