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	Xia 夏朝
	Shang 商朝
	Zhou 周朝
	Eastern Zhou 东周
	Spring and Autumn Period 春秋时代
	Warring States Period 战国
	Qin 秦代
	Han 汉代
	Xin 新朝
	Late Han 后汉
	Three Kingdoms 三国
	Western Jin 西晋
	Eastern Jin 东晋
	Sui 隋
	Tang 唐代
	Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十国
	Song 宋代
	Yuan 元朝
	Ming 明代
	Qing 清朝
	People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国
							Elsewhere in The World
	.. But before that, during the pre-Dynastic Age, there was the
	Paleolithic Age 旧石器时代
	1.7 Million Years Ago		Yuanmou man 元谋人	first Homo erectus ever found within boundaries of China		fossil remains were found in Yuanmou County in Yunnan 云南         SEE 1965
	1 Million Years Ago - 800,000 Years Ago		Yunxian Man 郧县人	late Homo erectus - can make simple tools and hunt		Yunxian County - excavated in Xue Tang Liang Zi in the Quyuan River estuary in Yun County, Hubei Province 湖北省
	700,000 Years Ago
	600,000 Years Ago		Peking Man	北京猿人		Homo erectus pekinensis discovered (1921) in Zhoukoudian 周口店 near Fangshan district 房山区  of Beijing
	200,000 Years Ago
	about 70,000 Years Ago		认知革命 COGNITIVE REVOLUTION
	20,000 Years Ago		Evidence of pottery 陶器  in Dayuan Town, Wannian County, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province 江西省上饶市万年县大源镇
	about 12,000 Years Ago		AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
	14,000 Years Ago						(archaeological evidence) human occupation of Rome
	11,000 Years Ago		scroll to the right to see what happened to the rest of the world				- Star Carr: Mesolithic Site in Britain - Perak Man, Malaysi
	10,000 Years Ago		The End of the Paleolithic Age 旧石器时代				Evidence of cooking with pottery in Middle East
	c.10,000 - 9000 Years Ago		...  the start of the Neolithic Age 新石器时代
	Year		Main Event(s)	Notes 1	Key People	Notes 2	Elsewhere in The World
	(8000 Years Ago）			Domestication of pigs
	6500 - 5500 BCE		Houli Culture 后李文化			Linzi District 临淄区 in Shandong 山东省
	5300 - 4100 BCE		Beixin Culture 北辛文化			Shandong 山东省
	5500- 3300 BCE 7000 y.a.		Hemudu neolithic culture 河姆渡文化			near Ningbo in Zhejiang 浙江省宁波市
	5000- 3000 BCE 7000 y.a.		Yangshao (neolithic) Culture 仰韶文化	painted pottery red and black pottery		Loess Plateau, Banpo See also Banpo Museum 半坡 , in Xian 西安
	5000- 3000 BCE		Majiabang Culture 马家浜文化			Zhejiang 浙江省
	4100 - 2600 BCE		Dawenkou Culture 大汶口文化			North China
	3800- 3300 BCE		Songze Culture 崧泽文化			Eastern China
	3400- 2250 BCE		Liangzhu 良渚 neolithic culture of Changjiang 长江 delta			Zhejiang 浙江省	2580-2560 BCE - period when the Khufu Pyramid is believed to have been built.
	3300 - 2500 BCE		Majiayao culture 马家窑文化			Upper Yellow River 黄河 Valley
	3000 BCE		The Start of the Bronze Age 青铜时代
	2750 BCE		Pieces of silk created
	2500 BCE		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Stonehenge set in place (late Neolithic)
	2500 - 1700 BCE		Longshan Culture 龙山文化	SEE 1931		Yellow River 黄河 Valley - regarded as Cradle of Chinese Civilisation
				Potter's wheel; Farming
	2500 - 1000 BCE		Sanxingdui Culture 三星堆			plains of Sichuan 四川
	2200 - 1600 BCE		Qijia Culture 齐家文化	SEE 1923		upper 黄河 Yellow River Valley - region: eastern 青海 Qinghai and 兰州 Lanzhou; one of the earliest bronze cultures
	c. 1900BCE		Earthquake and major flood - Northwestern China - 黄河 Huanghe Yellow River region
	c. 1900 BCE		Remains of villagers in the 喇家 Lajia Settlement were radiocarbon-dated to this period		Noodles discovered 喇家文化 Lajia culture is linked to the 齐家文化 Qijia Culture	Location: 民和县Minhe County, 海东市 Haidong Prefecture City 青海Qinghai province
	1900 - 1500 BCE		Erlitou Culture 二里头文			Western Henan  河南
	1900 - 1500 BCE		Yueshi Culture 岳石文化			Shandong 山东省
	1510 - 1460 BCE		Erligang Culture 二里岗文化			North China Plain
	1500- 1000 BCE		Xindian Culture 辛店文化			Bronze Age 青铜时代 culture in Gansu 甘肃 and Qinghai 青海 province
	Year	Dynasty	Main Event(s)	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in the World
B C E	2500		Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors 三皇 五帝			This Section before the Xia Dynasty  is Mainly Legendary ============================	-- Assyrian Empire ca 2500BCE to 609BCE -- 2580-2560 BCE - period when the Khufu Pyramid is believed to have been built.
					三皇 The Three Noble Kings
					燧人 Inventor of Fire (legendary)
					伏羲 Founder of Chinese governance
					神农 agriculture and herbal medicine
					Five Emperors 五帝
	2697- 2597				Yellow Emperor 黄帝	buried in the Mausoleum of Yellow Emperor Huangling county  黄陵 in Yan'an 延安, Shaanxi 陕西
	2513 -2435				Zhuan Xu 颛顼
					Di Ku or Emperor Ku 帝喾	great-grandson of Yellow Emperor 黄帝
	2342 (2200)				Emperor Yao (4th Emperor) Tang Yao 唐尧	second son of Di Ku 帝喾
	2256			Traditional first date for the 通书  almanac		According to the 书经 (The Book of History), the 通书 (Ancient Almanac) has been in publication since 2256
	2256				Emperor Shun (5th Emperor) 虞舜	legendary emperor of great wisdom
	2207
	~ 4200 y.a.
	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	START OF THE DYNASTIES 王朝时期开始
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
夏	2070	Xia   夏 朝	Start of Xia Dynasty 夏朝 late neolithic cultures	horse herding carriages		Erhlitou Culture 二里头文化 in Yanshi county  偃师 in Luoyang 洛阳 debate if this was the site of the 夏朝 Xia Dynasty   二里头文化 ==> 夏朝 Xia Dynasty
夏			first dynasty to be recorded, along the banks / valley of the Yellow  River 黄河 / Huanghe River Basin 黄河流域			Family or clan control started during this dynasty - a transition from the "primitive" society. Introduction of slave system. Aspects of social life still retained traces of primitive society.
夏				* wine making * ancient 3-legged bronze wine vessel / wine goblet 斝 jiǎ * noodles		These drinking vessels 酒器 prevailed through the 商 Shang and 西周 Western Zhou periods
夏
夏	4200 y.a.		14 Generations		仲康 Zhòng kāng 相 Xiāng 少康 Shǎo kāng	Capital: Dengfeng 登封 Today Dengfeng 登封 is under the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou 郑州市 (the capital of Henan province 河南省)
夏	2029		大禹 Dà yǔ			大禹 Dà yǔ was revered as to have controlled/stopped floods due to rising river waters (大禹治水) has been recorded that大 禹 Dà yǔ used chopsticks to eat his food
夏	1978		姒启 Sì qǐ
	1963		姒太康 Sì tài kāng
	1955		姒中康 Sì zhōng kāng
	1946		姒相 Sì xiāng
			SEE 1959 field archaeology on the 夏文化
夏	2000		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The beginning of Judaism
夏	1642 - 1540		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Minoan / Santorini Eruption(1628 BCE)
						King Jie 桀 (a tyrant and oppressor) was the 17th and last Xia ruler
	1600
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
商	c.1600	Shang 商 朝	Start of Shang Dynasty 商朝 Some historians place that start date at about 1553BCE		Shang Tang 商汤 overthrew the 夏 Xia Dynasty  and established the 商 Shang Dynasty	Capital: Bo (Shangqiu 商丘 in Henan 河南) and Yin 殷 (Anyang 安阳 in Henan 河南 )   The Shang Dynasty 商代 is said to have marked the middle of China's Bronze Age oracle-bone writing 殷契 civilization based on agriculture, hunting , animal husbandry  bronze work 青铜 , jade 玉 chariots, yoke saddle ancient three-legged round (occasionally four-legged and rectangular) cauldron with two ear-shaped handles
商	1587		Death of 商汤 Shang Tang		Founder of the 商 Shang Dynasty
商	1576		planetary alignment which is said to mark the rise of the 商 Shang Dynasty
商	1525		相 Xiang was flooded	today 内黄 Neihuang in 河南 Henan
商	1525		Capital moved to 耿 Geng	today 河津 Hejin in 山西 Shanxi
商	1500		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The beginning of Hinduism
			please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				1458BCE - Egypt conquered Palestine 1401BCE - 1353BCE Reign of Amenhotep III
							1350 BCE - first recorded smallpox epidemic 1350BCE- King of Jerusalem begged Pharaoh Akhenaten for help to defend his kingdom
商							1300 BCE- End of Indus Valley Civilization
						n
商	1335		Birth of 傅说 Fu Yue		statesman and military strategist
商	mid 1300 - 1200			writing first appeared toward the end of the Shang Dynasty 商朝		甲骨文 Oracle Bones
	c 1300 (or 1290)	Yin 殷	Birth of 盘庚 Pan Geng	19th legendary King of 商 Shang		Reputed for moving the Shang capital to 殷 Yin Previous capital: 西亳 Bo (商丘 Shangqiu in 河南 Henan ) to 殷 Yin (安 阳 Anyang  in Henan 河南) today: Yin (Shang) Ruins  殷墟 Period starting from Pan Geng 般庚 is sometimes known as the Yin 殷 Dynasty - the Golden Age of 商 Shang Dynasty
商	1250		Start of the reign of King Wu Ding 武丁
商	1246		Death of of 傅说 Fu Yue		statesman and military strategist
商	c. 1200		Death of 妇好 Fu Hao		妇好 Fu Hao, consort of King 武丁 Wu Ding - 妇 Fu means Lady, Hao was her name, female Chinese general late Shang Dynasty 商朝	Legend has it that 妇好 Fu Hao was a warrior and general and captivated the attention of 武丁 King Wu Ding
商	1192		Death and end of the reign of King Wu  Ding 武丁
	1157		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Death of Pharaoh Ramesses V of Egypt earliest physical evidence of smallpox on mummified body (some historians recorded the year as 1145BCE)
	1152		Birth of King Wen of Zhou 周文王 's reign		Founder and 1st King of the 周 Zhou Dynasty	father of 周武王
	1105		Birth of Emperor Di Xin 帝辛
商	1075		Start of the reign of King Zhou of Shang 紂王 / Di Xin 帝辛		Emperor Di Xin 帝辛 last ruler - tyrant
商	1046		Death of King Zhou of Shang 紂王  / Di Xin 帝辛 Zhou Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven
	1046		End of Shang Dynasty 商朝  -1027BC		Legend: Jizi	refused to surrender - founded one of the earliest Korean states
	3116 y.a.
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
			Period of transition from 商 Shang to 周 Zhou
	1099		Start of King Wen of Zhou 周文王 's reign			Capital: Haojing 镐京 (near Xi'an and Fenjing)
	(1066)		Some websites state this as the start of the Zhou 周 Dynasty
	1059		Zhou seers witnessed a 5-planet conjunction in the northwestern sky			Such alignment with planets on either side of the sun occurs about once every 516 years.
	1056		Death and End of King Wen of Zhou 周文王's reign		1st King of the 周 Zhou - also recognized as 1st King
周	1046	Zhou 周 朝	Battle of Muye 牧野之战 Shang dominance over Wei River and Yellow River ended	Mandate of Heaven 天命 doctrine used to rule the dynasty	周武王 (aka the Martial King) is regarded as the first King of Western Zhou Dynasty (birth date not det. said to be 1103BCE)	START OF 西周 Western Zhou one of the longest dynasties in China (ca 1122 BC -> 221 BC)  Ji family in control of this dynasty - 39 family members ruled during this period
周	1046		Start of the reign of 周武王 Zhou Wu (personal name: Ji Fa 姬发) 's reign		Zhou Wu 周武王 : * brother of 周公 Zhou Gong (Duke of Zhou) * Father of 周成王 King Cheng/ 姬诵 Ji Song	It has been suggested that 周武王 King Zhou Wu invented the 象棋 Xiangqi Chinese Chess when he coached his army in military strategy in overthrowing the 商 Shang Dynasty
周	1043		Death and the end of reign of 周武王 King Zhou Wu		周武王 Zhou Wu is also known as the Martial King
			feudalistic system lesser lords owing allegiance to greater lords			天命 -  political theory asserted that Heaven, 天 was primarily interested in the affairs of man The Emperor must rule fairly and justly. Heaven will remove the mandate from the ruler
				customs, laws and institutions		The concepts of the 天命 and 命 (physical order of the universe) combined make the Dao 道  (Way of Heaven)
周	1042		Start of the reign of 周成王 King Cheng/ 姬诵 Ji Song	Since 周成王 King Cheng was very young, he was helped by 周公 Zhou Gong (Duke of Zhou)	周公 Zhou Gong (Duke of Zhou) established 2 capitals: - 宗周 Zongzhou (鎬京 Haojing) in the West - 成周 Chengzhou in the East	It's been recorded that 孔子 Kongzi(Confucius) 551BCE had deep respect for 周公 Duke of Zhou and often dreamt of him. (Today many Chinese still use the phrase: I'm going to 与周公下棋 play chess Duke of Zhou with to mean "I am going to sleep.")
周	1021		End of reign of 周成王 King Cheng/ 姬诵 Ji Song
	1000		scroll to the right to see what happened to the rest of the world				-- Must Farm 1000 - 800 BCE (Britain's Pompeii) Bronze Age
	911		scroll to the right to see what happened to the rest of the world				-- End of the Assyrian (also Neo-Assyrian) Empire
周	795		Birth of King You 周幽王
周	781		Start of the reign of the 12th King of the Zhou 周 Dynasty		the 12th King of the Zhou 周 Dynasty - King You 周幽王
周	780		Earthquake hit 关中 Guanzhong			Guanzhong 关中 the lower valley of the Wei River 渭河 (Modern day Shaanxi 陕西) The earthquake was seen as an omen for the end of the Western Zhou 西周
周	771	W Zhou 西 周	Expulsion of Zhou from the Wei River 渭河 Valley End of Western Zhou 西周		The death and the end of the reign of the 12th King of the Zhou 周 Dynasty King You 周幽王
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
东 周	770	Eastern  Zhou 东 周 dōng zhōu	Start of Eastern Zhou 东周			Capital: Luoyang 洛阳  (in Henan 河南 ) in the East
	2775 y.a.		decline of feudal aristocracy	from bronze to iron
				use of money
			Age of Philosophy The Hundred Schools of Thought 诸子百家 zhū zǐ bǎi jiā	various schools of philosophers / thinkers during late Zhou 周 Spring and Autumn Warring States Period 春秋战国时代		770 BCE - 220 BCE
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
	722	春 秋 时 代	Eastern Zhou (770-221 BC) 东周 Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC) 春秋时代 Warring States (475-221 BC) 战国时代 春秋战国时代		Five dukes	feudal states fought against each other
							Birth of Thales of Ionia - Father of geometry 几何学
			Birth and Death of 老子 Lao Zi	道德经 Dao de Jing		Founder of Daoism 道教 - advocated a life of simplicity and harmony with Nature
							Thales of Ionia - Father of geometry 几何学
	586		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Destruction of the First Temple in Jerusalem and the city by the Babylonians - led by Nebuchadnezzar II Also start of the Babylonian captivity
	551		Birth of 孔子 Kong Zi	Confucianism - ethical & philosophical system		- advocated that people should treat each other with mutual respect Knowing others is wisdom; Knowing the self is enlightenment. Five Classics 五经 1) Book of Odes / Songs / Poetry 诗 经 2) Book of History 书经 3) Book of Changes I Ching 易经 4) Book / Classic of Rites 礼记 5) Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋志
	550- 540		Birth of 孙子 Sunzi		孙子 Sunzi born in State of Qi but moved to State of Wu	孙子兵 法 Sunzi's Art of War	Aesop - Greek story teller
	541		The first floating bridge was built across 黄河 Huanghe The Yellow River			Ref: Chinese Bridges: Living Architecture From China's Past - Ronald G. Knapp
	539		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Persians conquered Mesopotamia
	522		Birth of 冉求 Ran Qiu		Famous scholar and disciple of 孔子 Kongzi (Confucius)	He was also a military commander and statesman
	522		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Start of the reign of Darius I or Darius the Great the Persian King
	520		Birth of 子贡 Zigong - a disciple of 孔子 Kongzi			孔子 Kongzi was proud of 子贡 Zigong - and was recorded to have called him 瑚琏之器
	505		Birth of Zeng Zi 曾子 zēng zǐ		Zeng Zi 曾子 zēng zǐ	Philosopher and student of Kong Zi 孔子 kǒng zǐ presumed author of a large portion of Great Learning 大学 and important compiler of the Analects 论语
	500		Death of Yanzi / Yanying 晏婴		Yanying 晏婴 - thinker, politician and states- man of Qi State 齐国 protagonist of the book 晏子春秋 "The Spring & Autumn Annals of Master Yan"	Qi State (of Western Zhou 西周) existed during the Warring States (战国) - centered in today's Shandong 山东.
	496		Birth of 勾践 Gou Jian 越王 King of Yue	浙 江 Zhejiang- 福建 Fujian region		Some historians do not identify this birth year
	494		War between 吴国 the State of Wu and 越国 the State of Yue
	490		孔子 Kongzi / Confucius traveled from  蔡 Cai to 叶 (Ye) 邑 to discuss with 叶公 Ye Gong / the Duke of Ye about politics and moral issues of integrity			蔡 Cai was a vassal state during the 春秋战国时期 Spring & Autumn and the Warring States period
	490		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Battle of Marathon - Persian invasion of Greece Victory: Greek/Athenian army: 10,000 defeated the army of King Darius
	481/ 475		End of Spring and Autumn Period 春秋时代			481BCE - according to Spring and Autumn Annals 475BCE - generally accepted date
	479		State of Chen 陳国 annexed by State of Chu 楚国
	479		子贡 Zigong - a disciple of 孔子 Kongzi - paid a visit to his Master (孔子 Kongzi)			He was late and in a rebuke for his disciple's tardiness, 孔子 Kongzi referenced 泰山 Mount Tai, the mountain he revered.
	479		Death of Kong Zi 孔子 kǒng zǐ
	476		Start of the reign of 姬仁 Ji Ren / 周元王 King Yuan of Zhou
				Sword of Gou Jian 越王勾践剑践	春秋五霸 the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn period 齐桓公 Duke Huan of Qi 晋文公 Duke Wen of Jin 楚庄王 King Zhuang of Chu 宋襄公 Duke Xiang of Song 秦穆公 Duke Mu of Qin 吴王阖闾 King Helu of Wu King Gou Jian of Yue 越王勾践
	------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
	475	战 国	Start of Warring States Period 战国		Seven overlords
	474		Shu emissaries present gifts to Qin court first recorded contact between Shu and Qin
	469		End of the the reign of 姬仁 Ji Ren / 周元王 King Yuan of Zhou
	468		Birth of Mo Zi 墨子			Mohism School founded  Mo Zi 墨子 condemned wars and called for "Love for all" (advised people to consider their obligations to all fellow humans)
	465		Death of 勾践 King of Yue 越王
	450		Fall of 缯国 the Kingdom (State) of Zeng			The state of destroyed by the 越国 Kingdom of Yue
	450		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Hippocrates (the western world's first physician) proposed that emotions originate from the brain
	447		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Start of the building of the Parthenon in Athens
	438		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				The contruction of Parthenon completed
	436		Death of Zeng Zi 曾子
	433		The chime bells Bianzhong 编钟 of Marquis Yi of Zeng 曾侯乙编钟 were made			See: Year 1978 when it was unearthed
	407		Birth of 秦越人 Qin Yue Ren	扁鹊 Bian Que	Famous doctor
	395		Birth of 杨朱 Yang Zhu		philosopher early 战国 Warring States period
	390		Birth of Shang Yang 商鞅		Shang Yang 商鞅	Legalist,scholar, philosopher, politician statesman and reformer - State of Qin 秦
	387		Shu and Qin troops battle near Hanzhong on upper Han River
	381		Birth of Duke Xiao of Qin 秦孝公 Qin Xiaogong
	376		Death of Mo Zi 墨子
	372		Birth of Meng Zi 孟子		Meng Zi 孟子	scholar of Confucianism "love one's family; love the people; love all living things in the world"
	369		Birth of Zhuang Zi 庄子		Zhuang Zi 庄子	important interpreter of Daoism 道教
	362		Start of the reign of the Duke Xiao of Qin 秦孝公 Qin Xiaogong
	359		Duke Xiao of Qin 秦孝公 Qin Xiaogong convened a court meeting on reforms in which Shang Yang 商鞅 attended		Legalist,scholar, philosopher, politician, statesman and reformer - State of Qin 秦
	356		(356-338) Centralising of Qin under Shang Yang 商鞅
	356		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Birth of Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝
	340		Birth of Qu Yuan 屈原		Qu Yuan 屈原 - statesman and poet of the Kingdom of Chu 楚国	composer of the poem 离骚 - in the collection Songs of Chu 楚辞
	338		Death of Shang Yang 商鞅
	338		Death of Duke Xiao of Qin 秦孝公 Qin Xiaogong
	338		Birth of Queen Dowager Xuan 宣太后		Queen Dowager Xuan 宣太后 aka  Mi Yue 芈月
	335		Death of 杨朱 Yang Zhu		philosopher during the early 战国 Warring States period
	334		China was made up of 7 states/kingdoms 楚 Chu, 韩 Han, 齐 Qi, 秦 Qin, 魏 Wei, 燕 Yan and 赵 Zhao			Historians call the seven powerful states: 战国七雄
	334		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Alexander the Great set out to conquer the Persian Empire
	332		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝 invaded Egypt
	323		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Death of Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝 Macedonian Ptolemy became satrap of Egypt
	316		Shu state 蜀 was conquered by Qin state 秦 Construction of Chengdu 成都
	314		Construction of Chaotianmen 朝天门	Meeting of Jialing River 嘉陵江 and 长 江 Yangtze River		Chaotianmen 朝天门 can be translated as "Gate to Seeking An Audience with the Emperor"
	314		Late Kaiming King's son Marquis Yaotong ruled together with a Qin 秦国 governor.
	313		Birth of 荀 子 Xunzi		philosopher, Confucian thinker	One of the many teachings of 荀 子 Xunzi  was : "Musical education empowers minds to reach a state of purity. With music and rituals, people are infused with more logical, intelligent and peaceful thoughts."
	311		Official Chen Zhuang revolted and killed Marquis Yaotong
	310		Death of 秦越人 Qin Yue Ren	扁鹊 Bian Que	Famous doctor
	307		Queen Dowager Xuan 宣太后 / Mi Yue 芈月 became de facto ruler for Qin state 秦国
	305		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Start of the Ptolemaic Empire Egypt under this empire
	c. 300		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Use of chariots in Britain
	289		Death of Meng Zi 孟子
	286		Death of Zhuang Zi 庄子
	283		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Library of Alexandria was founded
	280		Birth of Han Fei 韩非		Legalist philosopher
	279		The Dian 滇 Kingdom was established	central 云南 Yunnan	莊嶠 Zhuang Qiao	General 莊嶠 Zhuang Qiao ordered his troops to settle down in the Dian region & established the first kingdom in 云南 Yunnan (滇国 Kingdom of Dian) - famed for bronze metallurgy [Bronze Age]
	278		Death of Qu Yuan 屈原   Legend has it that he drowned in the River Miluo 汨罗江	湖南 Hunan	Qu Yuan 屈原 - statesman and poet of the Kingdom of Chu 楚国	composer of the poem 离骚 - in the collection Songs of Chu 楚辞
	270		End of Queen Dowager Xuan's reign 宣太后
	265		Death of Queen Dowager Xuan 宣太后
	259		Birth of Prince Ying Zheng 嬴政 (Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇)
	257		Birth of Zhao Tuo 趙佗		ZhaoTuo 趙佗 First king of Nanyue 南越 General during Qin 秦 Dynasty
	256		Birth of Liu Bang 刘邦
	256		Construction of Dujiangyan 都江堰		Li Bing 李冰 - governor of Shu 蜀 shǔ	Father 李冰 lǐ bīng and Son 李二郎 hydraulic engineers 深淘滩，浅做堰 Dig deep the channels but keep the weirs (spillways) shallow.
	251		Reported birth of Zhang Liang 張良		strategist and statesman chief counselor of Liu Bang 刘邦	one of the "Three Heroes of the early Han Dynasty"
	247		Ying Zheng 嬴政 became King of Qin 秦
	238		Death of 荀子 Xun Zi		philosopher, Confucian thinker	One of the many teachings of 荀子 Xunzi  was : "Musical education empowers minds to reach a state of purity. With music and rituals, people are infused with more logical, intelligent and peaceful thoughts."
	233		Death of Han Fei 韩非		Legalist philosopher
	232		Birth of Xiang Yu 项羽		(warlord of Chu - Xiang Yu 项羽)
	229		Birth of Qin Er Shi 秦二世 son of Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇
	226		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Year the Palenque ruins have been dated back to so far
	223		The state of Chu 楚国  overthrown by the State of Qin 秦国
	221	Zhou	End of Eastern Zhou / Warring States Period d
	Year	Dynasty	Notes 01	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes 02	Elsewhere in The World
秦	221	Qin 秦 代	China Proper was unified and the Qin Dynasty 秦代 begins - marked the beginning of China's    feudal society		Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇	Capital: Chang 'an 长安 near  Xian 西安市
			Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇 became the First Emperor	forced imposition of common system of writing; legalism state philosophy Lesser Seal writing	Meng Tian 蒙恬 - General of Great Wall
					Li Si - 李斯 Prime Minister / Chancellor
					Zhao Gao 趙高 - eunuch
秦	211		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Death of Ptolemy III and the start of Ptolemy IV's reign of Egypt
秦	210		Death of 秦始皇 Qin Shi Huang		Qin Er Shi 秦二世 (Hu Hai) became the Second Emperor
秦	209		大泽乡起义 Chen Sheng Wu Guang uprising			This uprising is said to have led the way for the rise of the 汉 Han Dynasty (See 206BCE)
秦	208		Li Si's 李斯 execution
	208		Power of 趙高 Zhao Gao increased
秦	207		Zi Ying 子嬰 became the third and last Emperor of 秦 Qin
	207		Battle of Julu 巨鹿县	Xiang Yu 项羽 's Chu defeated Qin army
						The Great Wall
						The Age of sculpture - high brush used in writing; beginning of literacy
						burning of classics
秦
	206			End of Qin 秦代
	-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
BC	206	Han 汉 代	Start of Western Han 西汉		founder: Liu Bang 刘邦 He ruled as the first Han Emperor reign name: Han Gaozu 汉高祖刘邦	conflict between Xiang Yu 项羽  and Liu Bang 刘邦   Western Han 206 BCE to 9 BCE with the capital Changan 长安
	204		Start of the 南越 Nanyue Kingdom aka Nam Viet / Southern Yue		ZhaoTuo 趙佗 First king of Nanyue 南越 General during Qin 秦 Dynasty	covered Guangdong 广东, Guangxi 广西, Hainan 海南, Hong Kong 香港, Macau 澳门, northern Vietnam 越南 and southern Fujian 福建
	203		Birth of 刘恒 Liu Heng		汉文帝 Emperor Han Wen Di Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty
	202		Strife between Chu and Han Death of Xiang Yu 项羽 Start of the reign of Liu Bang 刘邦		warlord of Chu Xiang Yu 项羽	Battle of Gaixia 垓下之战
	202		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Start of the Kingdom of Numidia 努米底亚王国
	c 200		A tribe of people from 云南 Yunnan moved southward to today Myanmar -> Pyu people
	195		End of reign and the death of Liu Bang 刘邦
	189		Death of Zhang Liang 張良		chief counselor of Liu Bang刘邦
	180		Start of the reign of 汉文帝 Emperor Han Wen Di		刘恒 Liu Heng
	179		Birth of 董仲舒 Dong Zhongshu			Dong Zhongshu 董仲舒 was a philosopher / scholar / statesman - responsible for establishing / promoting Confucianism as system of values in Western Han; civil service examinations
	175		Birth of Zhao Mo 趙昩		Zhao Mo 趙昩 is the grandson of Zhao Tuo 趙佗. He is the 2nd King of Nanyue 南越
	169		Birth of 司马谈 Sima Tan	Historian & expert in celestial studies	father of 司马迁 Sima Qian	started the 史记 Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian) completed by his son 司马迁 Sima Qian
	164		(Est.) Birth of Zhang Qian 張騫		"trailblazer of the Silk Road"	official and diplomat , envoy who returned to China with information about Central Asia
	157		Death and end of reign of the Emperor Wen of Han 汉文帝 Emperor Han Wen Di		刘恒 Liu Heng
	156		Birth of 汉武帝 Han Wudi
	145		Birth of Sima Qian 司马迁	Shiji 史记 Records of the Grand Historian	Sima Qian 司马迁	Read about Sima Qian 司马迁 here.
	145		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Battle of Antioch - Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Empire (today Syria) Victory: Ptolemaic
	141		Han Wudi 汉武帝 begins his reign			He reigned for 54 years (141BCE - 87BCE) - considered the most glorious period of Han Dynasty 汉代
	140			Jianyuan 建元 Era		Jianyuan 建元 Era (140BCE-135BCE)
	140		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Simon Maccabaeus crowned king of Judea
	138		張騫 Zhang Qian set off to the Western Regions (today - 新疆 Xinjiang and parts of Central Asia)		On assignment by Emperor 汉武帝 Han Wudi	His mission: Unite the 大月氏 Western Regions people against the 匈奴 Xiongnu / Huns whose preceding chieftain had been killed. (The leader of the 匈奴 Xiongnu / Huns (Chanyu) had further humiliated  the 大月氏 Western Regions people by drinking wine from the skull of the dead chieftain he had killed - using it as his "goblet".)
	137		Start of the reign of Zhao Mo 趙昩		Zhao Mo 趙昩 is the grandson of Zhao Tuo 趙佗. He is the 2nd King of Nanyue 南越
	134			Yuanguang 元光 Era		Yuanguang 元光 Era (134BCE -129BCE)
	128			Yuanshuo 元朔 Era		Yuanshuo 元朔 Era (128BCE - 123BCE)
	124		Death and End of the reign of Zhao Mo 趙昩		Zhao Mo 趙昩 is the grandson of Zhao Tuo 趙佗. He is the 2nd King of Nanyue 南越	His mausoleum is located in Guangzhou 广州 See the discovery of the tomb in 1983CE
	122			Yuanshou 元狩 Era		Yuanshou 元狩 Era (122BCE - 117BCE)
	119		張騫 zhāng qiān Zhang Qian's second trip to the Western Regions		"trailblazer of the Silk Road"	See also 138 BCE - his first trip
	116			Yuanding 元鼎 Era		Yuanding 元鼎 Era (116BCE - 111BCE)
	114		Death of Zhang Qian 張騫 zhāng qiān		"trailblazer of the Silk Road"
	111		Dunhuang 敦煌 Commandery (district under control of a commander) est'd
	111		Jiuquan 酒泉 founded as a military post
	110			Yuanfeng 元封 Era		Yuanfeng 元封 Era (110BCE - 105BCE)
	110		儋耳 Dan'er Commandery and 珠崖 Zhuya Commandery were set up	海南 Hainan
	110		Death of 司马谈 Sima Tan		father of 司马迁 Sima Qian	started the 史记 Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian) completed by his son 司马迁 Sima Qian
	109		The Kingdom of Dian 滇王国 officially became a vassal state of the Han Dynasty 汉代	云南 Yunnan	General 郭昌 Guo Chang	General Guo Chang 郭昌 was sent by Emperor Wu Han Wudi 汉武帝 to Yunnan 云南 to set up the Yizhou commandery in Jinning, Dianchi county 滇池县晋宁市
	106		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Birth of Pompey the Great in Rome
	105		Marriage alliance between 刘细君 Liu Xijun (aka 烏孫公主 the Princess of Wusun) and the King of Wusun		刘细君 Liu Xijun was a princess of the Han Dynasty.	The marriage strengthened the alliance between the Han Dynasty and Wusun - especially to fight the 匈奴 Xiongnus
	104			Taichu 太初 Era		Taichu 太初 Era (104BCE - 101BCE)
	104		Death of Dong Zhongshu 董仲舒
	100			Tianhan 天汉 Era		Tianhan 天汉 Era (100BCE - 97BCE)
	96			Taishi 太始 Era		Taishi 太始 Era (96BCE - 93BCE)
	92			Zhenghe 征和 Era		Zhenghe 征和 Era (92BCE - 89BCE)
	92		Birth of Liu He 刘贺		Marquis of Haihun	See 74 BCE
	91		Sima Qian 司马迁 completed The Records of the Grand Historian 史记		Sima Qian 司马迁
	88			Houyuan 后元 Era		Houyuan 后元 Era  (88BCE - 87 BCE)
	87		End of the reign of Han Wudi 汉武帝
	87		Start of the reign of Emperor Han Zhaodi 汉昭帝
	85		Death of Sima Qian 司马迁		Sima Qian 司马迁 author of the The Records of the Grand Historian 史记
	77		Birth of 京房 Jingfang		西汉 Western Han scholar
	75		Birth of 汉元 Emperor Yuan		Emperor Yuan 汉元帝 Reign: 48BCE - 33BCE
	74		Death, and end of the reign, of Emperor Han Zhaodi 汉昭帝
	74		Short reign of Liu He 刘贺	Yuanping 元平 Era	Marquis of Haihun
	63		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Birth of Caesar Augustus
	62		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Archaeological digs in Britain - metal coins dated to 62 BCE
	59		Death of Liu He 刘贺		Marquis of Haihun
	55		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				First Roman invasion of Britain (Julius Caesar)
	54		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Second Roman invasion of Britain (Julius Caesar)
	53		Birth of 扬雄 Yang Xiong			Author of 《輶轩使者绝代语释别国方言》，简称《方言》 abbreviated as' Dialects'
	48		Start of Emperor 汉元帝 Yuan's reign			Emperor 汉元帝 Yuan applied 孔子 Kongzi's  teachings / Confucianism during his reign
	48  -47		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Siege of Alexandria by Julius Caesar and the destruction/partial destruction (burning) of the Great Library of Alexandria
	46		Emperor 汉元帝 Yuan combined the 儋耳 Dan'er Commandery and 珠崖 Zhuya Commandery to become Zhulu County
	44		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Julius Caesar was assassinated in Rome
	40		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				End of the Kingdom of Numidia 努米底亚王国
	37		Death of 京房 Jingfang		西汉 Western Han scholar
	37		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				--- Start of King Herod I  / Herod the Great 's reign as King of Judea -- The Kingdom of Goguryeo (also called Goryeo) was founded
	33		Death of Emperor 汉元帝Yuan and end of his reign
	30		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				End of the Ptolemaic Kingdom; Death by suicide of Cleopatra ; Roman conquest of Egypt
CE	===============================================================================================================================================
						c 1st Century CE - 皇帝八十一难经 The Yellow Emperor's Classic of 81 Medical Problems was published One of four well known classics of Traditional Chinese Medicine
	2		Imperial census registered population of China to be almost 58 million			approximately 1/3 of est. population of the world
	3		Birth of Ban Biao 班彪	started the 汉书 Book of Han aka Han History	Father of Ban Gu 班固 Ban Chao 班超 Ban Zhao 班昭 - daughter	But credit for the Book of Han / Han History 汉书 is given to Ban Biao 班彪 's son Ban Gu 班固
CE	9		End of Western Han
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
CE	9	Xin 新 朝	Start of Xin 新朝		Wang Mang 王莽 overthrew the 汉 代 Han Dynasty and founded the Xin 新朝	The character 新 means new / fresh
	9		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Battle of Teutoburg Forest / Varian Disaster Alliance of Germanic tribes vs the Roman Empire Victory: the Germanic peoples
	11		Major floods caused by 黄河 Huang He The Yellow River
	14		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Start of the reign of Tiberius Caesar Augustus (2nd Roman Emperor) -- census reported 5 million residents
	19		Death of 扬雄 Yang Xiong			Author of 《輶轩使者绝代语释别国方言》，简称《方言》 abbreviated as' Dialects'
	23	Xin	End of 新朝 Xin
	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
	25	Eastern  Han or Later Han 后 汉	Start of Eastern Han 东汉 Later Han 后汉 Luoyang 洛阳 was established as the capital			Capital: Capital: Luoyang 洛阳  (in Henan 河南) in the East
	32		Birth of Ban Gu 班固   Birth of Ban Chao 班超	completed the 汉书 Book of Han aka Han History started by his father Ban Biao 班彪   renowned military man - Western Regions / - The Silk Road base: 咸 阳市 Xianyang		咸阳市 Xianyang prefecture level city in Shaanxi
	33		The rebellion of 公孙述 Gongsun Shu  against the (Eastern) 汉 Han Dynasty			an army was raised to capture 巫县 Wuxian county in 四川 Sichuan province
	33		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Jesus was crucified (est by scholars to be bet 30CE to 33CE)
	45		Birth of Ban Zhao 班昭		daughter of 班彪 Ban Biao sister of Ban Gu 班固 and Ban Chao 班超	Code of Conduct for Women
	46		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Roman port, Portus, was commissioned
	54		Death of Ban Biao 班彪	started the 汉书 Book of Han aka Han History
	54		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Start of Nero's reign (5th Roman Emperor)
	58		Birth of Xu Shen 许慎		author of Shuowen Jiezi 说文解字	first comprehensive Chinese character dictionary the first to use the principle of organization by sections with shared components called radicals 部首
	61		Birth of Cai Lun 蔡伦 - inventor of paper
	68		Oldest Buddhist temple constructed in China	洛阳 Luoyang 河南 Henan		白马寺 White Horse Temple
	68		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				- Establishment of Kingdom of Funan - Mekong Delta - Emperor Nero of Rome committed suicide
	69		The 永昌郡 Yongchang Commandery was established	bet. 澜沧江-怒江 (Lancangjiang & Nujiang)
	69		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Start of the reign of Vespasian The Coliseum was built during his reign
	70		Major floods caused by Huang He 黄河 The Yellow River
	70		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Siege of Jerusalem by the Romans The city and the Temple Mount destroyed - thousands of Jews killed led by Titus Caesar Vespasianus
	75		Introduction of 佛教 Buddhism into China
	78		Birth of Zhang Heng 张衡 - one of the world's first astronomers	developed the armillary sphere	Zhang Heng 张衡 polymath scientist and statesman from Nanyang 南阳	It is reported that he applied hydraulics in the workings of an armillary sphere
	79		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Eruption of Vesuvius
	85		Birth of 王符 Wang Fu		writer, philosopher, political commentator	credited for 潜夫论 Quan Fu Lun / Comments of a Recluse 大鹏之动，非一羽之轻也；骐骥之速，非一足之力也 With just one light feather, a roc* cannot soar With just one strong leg, a horse cannot gallop * mythical bird
	92		Death of 班固 Ban Gu	credited for completing the 汉书 Book of Han aka Han History汉书
	111			the reported year of the completion of 汉书 Hanshu
	116		张衡 Zhang Heng was appointed an official at the Emperor's court in 洛阳 Luoyang
	117		Death of 班昭 Ban Zhao	credited for completing the Book of Han aka Han History 汉书
	121		1st Chinese character dictionary - Shuowen 说文解字 presented to Emperor An of Han 漢安帝	with about 10,000 entries	Xu Shen 许慎 author / compiler	See also: Kang Xi (康熙 ) dictionary of the Qing dynasty (1644 - 1911) 康熙字典 (~ 47,000 character entries) Zhonghua Zihai 中华字海 the most comprehensive Chinese character dictionary (over 85 000 character entries)
	121		Death of 蔡伦 - inventor of paper
	121		Xiongnu 匈奴 expelled by Han 汉 forces
	127		Birth of Zheng Xuan 郑玄		Confucian scholar, master of classics, politician
	132		张衡 Zhang Heng invented the first seismoscope to detect earthquakes.
	139		Death of Zhang Heng 张衡 - one of the world's first astronomers		Zhang Heng 张衡 polymath scientist and statesman from Nanyang 南阳	It is reported that he applied hydraulics in the workings of an armillary sphere
	140		Birth of Hua Tuo 华 陀		physician	成语 Chengyu story - 对症下药 study a problem & take appropriate steps to tackle it
	150		Birth of 张仲景		Author of 金匮要略 Synopsis of the Golden Chamber
	155		Birth of Cao Cao 曹 操 (Courtesy name: Mengde 孟德)		Cao Cao 曹操 - poet, warlord, statesman	credited for founding the Cao Wei 曹魏 kingdom See Three Kingdoms 三国
	161		Birth of Liu Bei 刘备/ 劉備
	160-162		Birth of Guan Yu 关羽
	163		Death of 王符 Wang Fu		writer, philosopher, political commentator	credited for 潜夫论 Quan Fu Lun / Comments of a Recluse
	166		A messenger from Rome arrived at the capital, 洛阳 Luoyang		Dispatched by Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius (86CE-161CE)	Event was recorded in the 后汉书 History of the Eastern Han Dynasty (writer: 范晔 Fan Ye)
	176		Birth of Emperor Liu Bian 刘辩
	179		Birth of 司马懿 Sima Yi		司马懿 Sima Yi - minister / warlord of 曹魏 Cao Wei state	Grandfather of 司马炎 Sima Yan
	181		Birth of Zhuge Liang 诸葛亮	Courtesy name: 孔明 Kongming
	181		Birth of Emperor Xian 汉献帝		Personal name: Liu Xie 劉協
	184		Yellow Turban Rebellion or Yellow Scarves Rebellion 黄巾起义
	187		Birth of Cao Pi 曹丕		Cao Pi 曹丕 - first king of the Kingdom of Cao Wei 曹魏	See Three Kingdoms 三国
	189		Emperor Liu Bian 刘辩 Emperor Shao 汉少帝 was deposed by 董卓		Dongzhuo 董卓 - military general and warlord
	189		Start and end of the reign of Emperor Liu Bian 刘辩
	189		Liu Xie 劉協 succeeded the throne as Emperor Xian 汉献帝		Last emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty
	190		Death of Emperor Liu Bian 刘辩			poisoned by Dongzhuo 董卓
	192		Death of 董卓 - military general and warlord
	196		Cao Cao 曹操 moved capital from Luoyang 洛阳  to Xuchang 许昌		Emperor Xian 汉献帝	Xuchang 许昌 was Cao Cao 曹操 defacto capital during Eastern Han 东汉王朝
	200		Battle of Baima 白马之战		Cao Cao 曹操 vs YuanShao袁绍	Guan Yu (with Cao Cao 曹操 ) killed Yan Liang 颜良 (military general of YuanShao 袁 绍)
	200		Battle of Guandu 官渡之战		Cao Cao 曹操 vs YuanShao 袁绍	Cao Cao 曹操 was victorious
	200		Death of Zheng Xuan 郑玄		Death of Zheng Xuan 郑玄
	200		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Edessa (in Turkey today) Abgar VIII converted to Christianity and made it the official religion of his city (at least 100 years before the Romans converted
	202		Death of YuanShao 袁绍	Battle of Guandu 官渡之战
	205		End of Yellow Turban Rebellion 黄巾起义
	207		Birth of Liu Shan 刘禅		Liu Shan 刘禅 - son of Liu Bei 刘备	Second and Last Emperor of Shu Han 蜀汉
	208   -209		Winter of 208-209 Cao Cao 曹操 lost the Battle of Red Cliffs 赤壁之战		Sun Quan 孙权 Emperor of Eastern Wu Liu Bei 刘备 Sun Quan 孙权
	208		Death of 华佗 Hua Tuo		physician
	211		Birth of 司 马昭 Sima Zhao
	212- 214		Campaign to take over Yi Province / Yi Zhou 益州 (益州之战) by Liu Bei 刘备		Liu Bei 刘备 - First Emperor of Shu Han 蜀汉	Today, Yi Province / Yi Zhou 益 州 covers Sichuan 四川 and Chongqing 重庆
	217- 219		Hangzhong Campaign 汉中之战	Liu Bei 刘备 took control of Hanzhong 汉中	Liu Bei 刘备 vs Cao Cao 曹操	Hanzhong 汉中 is located in the Province of Shaanxi 陕西
	219		Death of 张仲景 Zhang Zhongjǐng		Author of 金匮要略 Synopsis of the Golden Chamber
	220	E. Han	End of Eastern Han 东汉王朝
	-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
	220	Three Kingdoms 三 国	Three Kingdoms 三国
			220-265   Wei 魏 the Wei 魏 state of the 三 国 Three-Kingdoms Period founded by Cao Cao 曹操 Cao Wei 曹魏  - regarded as the most powerful of the Three Kingdoms 三国		Cao Pi 曹丕 Emperor of Cao Wei 曹魏 (calligrapher) ruled as Emperor Wen 魏文帝 Sima Zhao 司马昭 military general and statesman of Cao Wei 曹魏
			221-263   Shu 蜀汉		founded by 刘备 Liu Bei
			229-280   Wu 吴		Wu 吴 's famous king Sun Quan 孙权
	220		End of the reign of Emperor Xian 汉献帝 of 东汉 Eastern Han Dynasty		Last and 14th Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty
	220		Death of Cao Cao 曹操
	220		Cao Pi succeeded Cao Cao 曹操 and forced Emperor Xian to abdicate
	220		State of Cao Wei 魏 was formed			Capital - Xuchang 许昌 in central Henan 河南 province
	220		Death of 关 羽 Guan Yu		关羽 Guan Yu was made a deity during the Sui Dynasty 隋朝
	220		Cao Pi 曹丕 named Sun Quan 孙权  the King of Wu 吴王
	221		Shu Han state was established			Capital - Chengdu 程度
	221		Liu Bei 刘备 became Emperor of Shu Han 蜀汉
	221		Death of Zhang Fei 张飞		Zhang Fei 张飞 - a military commander serving under Liu Bei 刘备
	223		The Yellow Crane Tower 黄鹤楼 was first constructed.			The Yellow Crane Tower 黄鹤楼 is located in today's City of Wuhan 武汉, the capital of the Hubei 湖北 Province. The tower was damaged many times throughout history and was rebuilt in 1985.
	223		Death of Liu Bei 刘备/劉備 End of Liu Bei 刘备's reign as Emperor Shu Han
	223		Liu Shan 刘禅 became King / Emperor of the Shu Han 蜀汉
	225		诸葛亮 Zhuge Liang's Southern Expedition aka the 南中平定战 Nanzhong Pingding War	云南 Yunnan	诸葛亮 Zhuge Liang
	226		Luoyang 洛阳 became Cao Wei 曹魏's capital
	229		Sun Quan 孙权 moved his capital to Jianye 建业		Wu 吴 's famous king Sun Quan 孙权	Jianye 建业 would later become (today's) Nanjing 南京 the capital of the province of Jiangsu 江苏. The name Jianye 建业 embodies "建功立业" - making great accomplishments and attaining respectable goals.
	232		Birth of 张华 Zhang Hua		politician, poet and writer
	233		Birth of 陈寿 Chen Shou		西晋 Western Jin historian who compiled the History of the Three Kingdoms 三国志
	234		Death of Zhuge Liang 诸葛亮
	236		Birth of 司马炎 Sima Yan		司马炎 Sima Yan was the founding emperor of 晋Jin Dynasty and the grandson of Sima Yi
	251		Death of 司马懿 Sima Yi		司马懿 Sima Yi - minister / warlord of 曹魏 Cao Wei state
	259		Birth of 司马衷 Sima Zhong		Second emperor of 晋 Jin Dynasty and the son of 司马炎 Sima Yan
	263		Shu and its capital Chengdu 成都 conquered by Wei 魏 armies		Deng Ai Zhong Hui
	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------						Elsewhere in The World
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes
	265	Western Jin 西 晋	Start of Western Jin 西晋		Death of Sima Zhao 司马昭	Capital: Luoyang 洛阳
	266		Start of the reign of Emperor Wu 晋武帝		Sima Yan 司马炎	First emperor
	271		Death of Liu Shan 刘禅		Second and last emperor of 蜀汉 Shu Han
	280		End of State of Wu 吴国 and also the Three Kingdoms 三国		Last emperor of Eastern Wu was Sun Hao 孫皓
	283		Birth of Ge Hong 葛洪		Ge Hong 葛洪 Daoist, alchemist, writer originator of First Aid in TCM	Author of Baopuzi 抱朴子 - which is a collection of essays covering topics on immortality, alchemy, legalism and society
	289		Production of the 三国志 History of the Three Kingdoms		Work credited to 陈寿 Chen Shou
	290		End of the reign and death of Emperor Wu 晋武帝 / Sima Yan 司马炎		First emperor of 晋 Jin
	290		Start of the reign of 司马衷 Sima Zhong		Second emperor of 晋 Jin and the son of 司马炎 Sima Yan
	297		Death of 陈寿 Chen Shou		西晋 Western Jin historian who compiled the History of the Three Kingdoms 三国志
	300		Death of 张华 Zhang Hua		Western Jin poet and writer	politician
	301		Death of 司马伦 Sima Lun		Son of Emperor 司马懿 Sima Yi	Military general and 琅琊郡王 King of Langya county
	301		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Armenia became the first Christian country in the world
	303		Birth of Wang Xizhi 王羲之		Wang Xizhi 王羲之 Eastern Jin Dynasty 东晋 minister	calligrapher and writer
	304		Start of Sixteen Kingdoms 十六国
	307		Death and end of reign of 司马衷 Sima Zhong		Second emperor of 晋 Jin and the son of 司马炎 Sima Yan
	311		Yongjia Rebellion / Disaster of Yongjia 永嘉之乱			The capital Luoyang 洛阳 was sacked by captured by the Xiongnu 匈奴 and other groups
	313		The 吐谷渾 Tuhuyun Khanate/Kingdom was established			The Kingdom has been described as proto Mongol-speaking nomadic 鲜卑 Xianbei people in the Northwest (祁连 山Qilian Moutains/ 青海 Qinghai) region
	313		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan, which accepted Christianity
	316		End of Western Jin 西晋
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
	317	东 晋	Start of 东晋 Eastern Jin			Capital: Jianye 建业 or Jiangkang 健康 建业 Jianye would later become (today's) Nanjing 南京 the capital of the province of Jiangsu 江苏
	337		Start of 前燕 Former Yan
	341		Birth of 司马丕 Sima Pi		the 6th emperor of 东晋 Eastern Jin
	351		Start of 前秦 Former Qin
	353		Mogao Grottoes 莫高窟 constructed - according to some reports
	354		General 桓溫 Huanwen led a campaign to fight the 前秦 Former Qin	南 郡宣武公 Duke Xuanwu of Nan Commandery
	354		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Birth of the renowned Christian philosopher Augustine of Hippo
	361		Start of the reign of 司马丕 Sima Pi		the 6th emperor of 东 晋 Eastern Jin
	361		Death of Wang Xizhi 王羲之		Wang Xizhi 王羲之 Eastern Jin Dynasty 东晋 minister	Calligrapher and writer
	363		Death of Ge Hong 葛洪		Ge Hong 葛洪 Daoist, alchemist, writer originator of First Aid in TCM	Author of Baopuzi 抱朴子 - which is a collection of essays covering topics on immortality, alchemy, legalism and society
	363		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Earthquake at Petra
	365		Death and end of reign of 司马丕 Sima Pi		the 6th emperor of 东晋 Eastern Jin
	365		Start of the reign of 司马奕 Sima Yi Emperor Fei of Jin 晋废帝		the 7th emperor of 东晋 Eastern Jin
	c. 365		Birth of 陶渊明 Tao Yuanming		Poet	among his literary works 桃花源记 The Peach Blossom Spring Story
	365		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Crete Earthquake & Tsunami - hit the port city of Alexandria
	366		Monk Lezun opened a cave at Mogao 莫高 and Monk Faliang opened another next to it
	370		End of 前燕 Former Yan
	372		End of the reign of 司马奕 Sima Yi		the 7th emperor of 东晋 Eastern Jin
	375		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Huns attacked and devastated Europe Birth of Alaric I - first King of the Visigoths
	376		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Visigoths crossed the Danube escaping the Huns
	382		Birth of Sima Dezong 司马德宗		the tenth emperor of 东晋 Eastern Jin
	383		Battle of Fei River 淝水之战			Former Qin against Eastern Jin Dynasty
	384		Start of 后秦 Later Qin			Construction of Maijishan Grottoes 麦积山石窟 began during the Later Qin 后秦 period
	384		Start of 后燕 Later Yan
	386		Death of 司马奕 Sima Yi		the 7th emperor of 东晋 Eastern Jin
	386		Start of 北魏 Northern Wei			During this time, the Ballad of Hua Mulan 花木兰 was written.
	386		Birth of 沮渠蒙逊 Juqu Mengxun		king of the Xiongnu state 北凉 Northern Liang
	386		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Peace treaty bet Roman Emperor Theodosius I and Empire of Iranians King Shapur III Armenia divided into two vassal states
	394		End of Former Qin 前秦
	395		参合陂之战 Canhe Bei zhi zhan  Battle of Canhe Slope	北魏 Northern Wei 后燕 Later Yan		Victory: 北 魏 Northern Wei
	395		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				- Massive attacks by the Huns on the Eastern Roman Empire - In India, King Rudrasimha III defeated by the Gupta Empire
	396		Start of the reign of Sima Dezong 司马德宗		the tenth emperor of 东晋 Eastern Jin
	397		Start of 北凉 Northern Liang
	397		Start of 南凉 Southern Liang
	398		Birth of 范晔 Fan Ye		historian from 南朝宋 Song of the Southern Dynasties	writer of 后汉书 History of Eastern Han
	407		End of 后燕 Later Yan
	407		Start of Xia Kingdom 夏王国			founded by the Huns 匈奴
	410		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Visigoths led by King Alaric captured and sacked Rome
	414		End of 南凉 Southern Liang
	417		End of Later Qin 后秦			Construction of Maijishan Grottoes 麦积山石窟 began during the Later Qin 后秦 period
	419		The capital of Xia Kingdom 夏王国 統 萬城 Tongwen City was built	Jingbian 靖边 County Shaanxi 陕西
	419		Death of Sima Dezong 司马德宗		the tenth emperor of 东晋 Eastern Jin
	420					Start of the Mogao Caves 莫高窟 of the Early Period 420CE - 581CE
	420		Start of the Western Liang 西凉
	420		End of Eastern Jin 东晋
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
	420
	420		Start of Northern and Southern Dynasties 南北朝
	420		Start of 南朝宋 Southern Song aka 刘宋 Liu Song		刘裕 Liu Yu founding emperor statesman and militarist - 宋武帝Emperor Wu of Song	First of the four Southern Dynasties
	421		Fall of the Western Liang 西凉 to Northern Liang 北凉
	421		陶渊明 Tao Yuanming wrote 桃花源记 The Peach Blossom Spring Story	桃花源 记 The Peach Blossom Spring Story	poet
	422		Death of 刘裕 Liu Yu - 宋武帝 Emperor Wu of Song		founding emperor statesman and militarist
	427		Death of 陶渊明 Tao Yuanming		poet
	430	Northern Liang 北凉	Year that surviving earliest caves in 莫高窟 Mogao Grottoes traced back to			Caves 268, 272 and 275 are examples of Northern Liang 北凉 caves in the Mogao Grottoes 莫高窟
	432		End of 夏王国 Xia Kingdom
	439		End of Sixteen Kingdoms 十六国
	439		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The second city of the Roman Empire, Carthage in Africa was captured by the Vandals led by King Genseric
	445		Death of 范晔 Fan Ye		historian from 南朝宋 Song of the Southern Dynasties	writer of 后汉书 History of Eastern Han
	451		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Battle of the Catalaunian Plains - between the Romans and the Huns led by Attila
	460		End of Northern Liang 北凉
	476		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Fall of the western Roman Emprire
	479		End of 南朝宋 Southern Song
			aka 刘宋 Liu Song
	486		building of canals started which were expanded to become the Grand Canal  大运河 da yunhe  during the 隋 Sui Dynasty
	493		Traced start of Longmen Grottoes 龙门石窟 Longmen shiku in 洛阳市 Luoyang, 河南 Henan		Emperor Xiaowen 北魏孝文帝
	495		Construction of the 少林 Shaolin temple			Northern Wei Dynasty 北魏
	502		Start of Southern Liang 南朝梁
	503		Birth of 陈武帝 陈霸 先 Chen Wudi / Chen Baxian		First emperor of the 南朝陈 Chen of the Southern Dynasties
	512		Birth of 谯国夫人 Lady Qiao Guo / 冼夫人 Lady Xian		leader of 俚人 Li people (branch of ancestors of 壮族 Zhuang ethnic group)
	526		Birth of 齐文宣帝高洋 Qi Wenxuan, Emperor Gaoyang		First emperor of the 北齐 Northern Qi
	530		Birth of 李德林 Li Delin		李德林 Li Delin - historian of Northern Wei