五千年的历史在线 Chinese History Timeline Online

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	Xia 夏朝
	Shang 商朝
	Zhou 周朝
	Eastern Zhou 东周
	Spring and Autumn Period 春秋时代
	Warring States Period 战国

	Qin 秦代
	Han 汉代
	Xin 新朝
	Late Han 后汉
	Three Kingdoms 三国
	Western Jin 西晋
	Eastern Jin 东晋
	Sui 隋
	Tang 唐代
	Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十国
	Song 宋代
	Yuan 元朝
	Ming 明代
	Qing 清朝
	People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国

							Elsewhere in The World
	.. But before that, during the pre-Dynastic Age, there was the
	Paleolithic Age 旧石器时代

	1.7 Million Years Ago		Yuanmou man 元谋人	first Homo erectus ever found within boundaries of China		fossil remains were found in Yuanmou County in Yunnan 云南 SEE 1965

	1 Million Years Ago - 800,000 Years Ago		Yunxian Man 郧县人	late Homo erectus - can make simple tools and hunt		Yunxian County - excavated in Xue Tang Liang Zi in the Quyuan River estuary in Yun County, Hubei Province 湖北省

	700,000 Years Ago
	600,000 Years Ago		Peking Man	北京猿人		Homo erectus pekinensis discovered (1921) in Zhoukoudian 周口店 near Fangshan district 房山区 of Beijing
	200,000 Years Ago

	about 70,000 Years Ago		认知革命 COGNITIVE REVOLUTION

	20,000 Years Ago		Evidence of pottery 陶器 in Dayuan Town, Wannian County, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province 江西省上饶市万年县大源镇

	about 12,000 Years Ago		AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

	14,000 Years Ago						(archaeological evidence) human occupation of Rome

	11,000 Years Ago		scroll to the right to see what happened to the rest of the world				- Star Carr: Mesolithic Site in Britain - Perak Man, Malaysi

	10,000 Years Ago		The End of the Paleolithic Age 旧石器时代				Evidence of cooking with pottery in Middle East


	c.10,000 - 9000 Years Ago		... the start of the Neolithic Age 新石器时代


	Year		Main Event(s)	Notes 1	Key People	Notes 2	Elsewhere in The World

	(8000 Years Ago）			Domestication of pigs

	6500 - 5500 BCE		Houli Culture 后李文化			Linzi District 临淄区 in Shandong 山东省

	5300 - 4100 BCE		Beixin Culture 北辛文化			Shandong 山东省

	5500- 3300 BCE 7000 y.a.		Hemudu neolithic culture 河姆渡文化			near Ningbo in Zhejiang 浙江省宁波市

	5000- 3000 BCE 7000 y.a.		Yangshao (neolithic) Culture 仰韶文化	painted pottery red and black pottery		Loess Plateau, Banpo See also Banpo Museum 半坡 , in Xian 西安

	5000- 3000 BCE		Majiabang Culture 马家浜文化			Zhejiang 浙江省

	4100 - 2600 BCE		Dawenkou Culture 大汶口文化			North China

	3800- 3300 BCE		Songze Culture 崧泽文化			Eastern China

	3400- 2250 BCE		Liangzhu 良渚 neolithic culture of Changjiang 长江 delta			Zhejiang 浙江省	2580-2560 BCE - period when the Khufu Pyramid is believed to have been built.

	3300 - 2500 BCE		Majiayao culture 马家窑文化			Upper Yellow River 黄河 Valley

	3000 BCE		The Start of the Bronze Age 青铜时代

	2750 BCE		Pieces of silk created

	2500 BCE		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Stonehenge set in place (late Neolithic)

	2500 - 1700 BCE		Longshan Culture 龙山文化	SEE 1931		Yellow River 黄河 Valley - regarded as Cradle of Chinese Civilisation
				Potter's wheel; Farming

	2500 - 1000 BCE		Sanxingdui Culture 三星堆			plains of Sichuan 四川

	2200 - 1600 BCE		Qijia Culture 齐家文化	SEE 1923		upper 黄河 Yellow River Valley - region: eastern 青海 Qinghai and 兰州 Lanzhou; one of the earliest bronze cultures

	c. 1900BCE		Earthquake and major flood - Northwestern China - 黄河 Huanghe Yellow River region
	c. 1900 BCE		Remains of villagers in the 喇家 Lajia Settlement were radiocarbon-dated to this period		Noodles discovered 喇家文化 Lajia culture is linked to the 齐家文化 Qijia Culture	Location: 民和县Minhe County, 海东市 Haidong Prefecture City 青海Qinghai province

	1900 - 1500 BCE		Erlitou Culture 二里头文			Western Henan 河南

	1900 - 1500 BCE		Yueshi Culture 岳石文化			Shandong 山东省

	1510 - 1460 BCE		Erligang Culture 二里岗文化			North China Plain

	1500- 1000 BCE		Xindian Culture 辛店文化			Bronze Age 青铜时代 culture in Gansu 甘肃 and Qinghai 青海 province



	Year	Dynasty	Main Event(s)	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in the World
B C E	2500		Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors 三皇五帝			This Section before the Xia Dynasty is Mainly Legendary ============================	-- Assyrian Empire ca 2500BCE to 609BCE -- 2580-2560 BCE - period when the Khufu Pyramid is believed to have been built.

					三皇 The Three Noble Kings
					燧人 Inventor of Fire (legendary)
					伏羲 Founder of Chinese governance
					神农 agriculture and herbal medicine

					Five Emperors 五帝
	2697- 2597				Yellow Emperor 黄帝	buried in the Mausoleum of Yellow Emperor Huangling county 黄陵 in Yan'an 延安, Shaanxi 陕西
	2513 -2435				Zhuan Xu 颛顼
					Di Ku or Emperor Ku 帝喾	great-grandson of Yellow Emperor 黄帝
	2342 (2200)				Emperor Yao (4th Emperor) Tang Yao 唐尧	second son of Di Ku 帝喾

	2256			Traditional first date for the 通书 almanac		According to the 书经 (The Book of History), the 通书 (Ancient Almanac) has been in publication since 2256

	2256				Emperor Shun (5th Emperor) 虞舜	legendary emperor of great wisdom



	2207
	~ 4200 y.a.
	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	START OF THE DYNASTIES 王朝时期开始

	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
夏	2070	Xia 夏朝	Start of Xia Dynasty 夏朝 late neolithic cultures	horse herding carriages		Erhlitou Culture 二里头文化 in Yanshi county 偃师 in Luoyang 洛阳 debate if this was the site of the 夏朝 Xia Dynasty 二里头文化 ==> 夏朝 Xia Dynasty
夏			first dynasty to be recorded, along the banks / valley of the Yellow River 黄河 / Huanghe River Basin 黄河流域			Family or clan control started during this dynasty - a transition from the "primitive" society. Introduction of slave system. Aspects of social life still retained traces of primitive society.
夏				* wine making * ancient 3-legged bronze wine vessel / wine goblet 斝 jiǎ * noodles		These drinking vessels 酒器 prevailed through the 商 Shang and 西周 Western Zhou periods
夏
夏	4200 y.a.		14 Generations		仲康 Zhòng kāng 相 Xiāng 少康 Shǎo kāng	Capital: Dengfeng 登封 Today Dengfeng 登封 is under the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou 郑州市 (the capital of Henan province 河南省)


夏	2029		大禹 Dà yǔ			大禹 Dà yǔ was revered as to have controlled/stopped floods due to rising river waters (大禹治水) has been recorded that大禹 Dà yǔ used chopsticks to eat his food

夏	1978		姒启 Sì qǐ

	1963		姒太康 Sì tài kāng

	1955		姒中康 Sì zhōng kāng

	1946		姒相 Sì xiāng


			SEE 1959 field archaeology on the 夏文化

夏	2000		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The beginning of Judaism

夏	1642 - 1540		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Minoan / Santorini Eruption(1628 BCE)



						King Jie 桀 (a tyrant and oppressor) was the 17th and last Xia ruler
	1600
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
商	c.1600	Shang 商朝	Start of Shang Dynasty 商朝 Some historians place that start date at about 1553BCE		Shang Tang 商汤 overthrew the 夏 Xia Dynasty and established the 商 Shang Dynasty	Capital: Bo (Shangqiu 商丘 in Henan 河南) and Yin 殷 (Anyang 安阳 in Henan 河南 ) The Shang Dynasty 商代 is said to have marked the middle of China's Bronze Age oracle-bone writing 殷契 civilization based on agriculture, hunting , animal husbandry bronze work 青铜 , jade 玉 chariots, yoke saddle ancient three-legged round (occasionally four-legged and rectangular) cauldron with two ear-shaped handles
商	1587		Death of 商汤 Shang Tang		Founder of the 商 Shang Dynasty

商	1576		planetary alignment which is said to mark the rise of the 商 Shang Dynasty

商	1525		相 Xiang was flooded	today 内黄 Neihuang in 河南 Henan
商	1525		Capital moved to 耿 Geng	today 河津 Hejin in 山西 Shanxi

商	1500		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The beginning of Hinduism

			please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				1458BCE - Egypt conquered Palestine 1401BCE - 1353BCE Reign of Amenhotep III
							1350 BCE - first recorded smallpox epidemic 1350BCE- King of Jerusalem begged Pharaoh Akhenaten for help to defend his kingdom
商							1300 BCE- End of Indus Valley Civilization


						n


商	1335		Birth of 傅说 Fu Yue		statesman and military strategist

商	mid 1300 - 1200			writing first appeared toward the end of the Shang Dynasty 商朝		甲骨文 Oracle Bones

	c 1300 (or 1290)	Yin 殷	Birth of 盘庚 Pan Geng	19th legendary King of 商 Shang		Reputed for moving the Shang capital to 殷 Yin Previous capital: 西亳 Bo (商丘 Shangqiu in 河南 Henan ) to 殷 Yin (安阳 Anyang in Henan 河南) today: Yin (Shang) Ruins 殷墟 Period starting from Pan Geng 般庚 is sometimes known as the Yin 殷 Dynasty - the Golden Age of 商 Shang Dynasty

商	1250		Start of the reign of King Wu Ding 武丁


商	1246		Death of of 傅说 Fu Yue		statesman and military strategist

商	c. 1200		Death of 妇好 Fu Hao		妇好 Fu Hao, consort of King 武丁 Wu Ding - 妇 Fu means Lady, Hao was her name, female Chinese general late Shang Dynasty 商朝	Legend has it that 妇好 Fu Hao was a warrior and general and captivated the attention of 武丁 King Wu Ding
商	1192		Death and end of the reign of King Wu Ding 武丁

	1157		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Death of Pharaoh Ramesses V of Egypt earliest physical evidence of smallpox on mummified body (some historians recorded the year as 1145BCE)

	1152		Birth of King Wen of Zhou 周文王 's reign		Founder and 1st King of the 周 Zhou Dynasty	father of 周武王

	1105		Birth of Emperor Di Xin 帝辛

商	1075		Start of the reign of King Zhou of Shang 紂王 / Di Xin 帝辛		Emperor Di Xin 帝辛 last ruler - tyrant



商	1046		Death of King Zhou of Shang 紂王 / Di Xin 帝辛 Zhou Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven

	1046		End of Shang Dynasty 商朝 -1027BC		Legend: Jizi	refused to surrender - founded one of the earliest Korean states
	3116 y.a.
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World


			Period of transition from 商 Shang to 周 Zhou


	1099		Start of King Wen of Zhou 周文王 's reign			Capital: Haojing 镐京 (near Xi'an and Fenjing)

	(1066)		Some websites state this as the start of the Zhou 周 Dynasty

	1059		Zhou seers witnessed a 5-planet conjunction in the northwestern sky			Such alignment with planets on either side of the sun occurs about once every 516 years.

	1056		Death and End of King Wen of Zhou 周文王's reign		1st King of the 周 Zhou - also recognized as 1st King

周	1046	Zhou 周朝	Battle of Muye 牧野之战 Shang dominance over Wei River and Yellow River ended	Mandate of Heaven 天命 doctrine used to rule the dynasty	周武王 (aka the Martial King) is regarded as the first King of Western Zhou Dynasty (birth date not det. said to be 1103BCE)	START OF 西周 Western Zhou one of the longest dynasties in China (ca 1122 BC -> 221 BC) Ji family in control of this dynasty - 39 family members ruled during this period
周	1046		Start of the reign of 周武王 Zhou Wu (personal name: Ji Fa 姬发) 's reign		Zhou Wu 周武王 : * brother of 周公 Zhou Gong (Duke of Zhou) * Father of 周成王 King Cheng/ 姬诵 Ji Song	It has been suggested that 周武王 King Zhou Wu invented the 象棋 Xiangqi Chinese Chess when he coached his army in military strategy in overthrowing the 商 Shang Dynasty


周	1043		Death and the end of reign of 周武王 King Zhou Wu		周武王 Zhou Wu is also known as the Martial King
			feudalistic system lesser lords owing allegiance to greater lords			天命 - political theory asserted that Heaven, 天 was primarily interested in the affairs of man The Emperor must rule fairly and justly. Heaven will remove the mandate from the ruler


				customs, laws and institutions		The concepts of the 天命 and 命 (physical order of the universe) combined make the Dao 道 (Way of Heaven)

周	1042		Start of the reign of 周成王 King Cheng/ 姬诵 Ji Song	Since 周成王 King Cheng was very young, he was helped by 周公 Zhou Gong (Duke of Zhou)	周公 Zhou Gong (Duke of Zhou) established 2 capitals: - 宗周 Zongzhou (鎬京 Haojing) in the West - 成周 Chengzhou in the East	It's been recorded that 孔子 Kongzi(Confucius) 551BCE had deep respect for 周公 Duke of Zhou and often dreamt of him. (Today many Chinese still use the phrase: I'm going to 与周公下棋 play chess Duke of Zhou with to mean "I am going to sleep.")

周	1021		End of reign of 周成王 King Cheng/ 姬诵 Ji Song

	1000		scroll to the right to see what happened to the rest of the world				-- Must Farm 1000 - 800 BCE (Britain's Pompeii) Bronze Age

	911		scroll to the right to see what happened to the rest of the world				-- End of the Assyrian (also Neo-Assyrian) Empire

周	795		Birth of King You 周幽王


周	781		Start of the reign of the 12th King of the Zhou 周 Dynasty		the 12th King of the Zhou 周 Dynasty - King You 周幽王

周	780		Earthquake hit 关中 Guanzhong			Guanzhong 关中 the lower valley of the Wei River 渭河 (Modern day Shaanxi 陕西) The earthquake was seen as an omen for the end of the Western Zhou 西周

周	771	W Zhou 西周	Expulsion of Zhou from the Wei River 渭河 Valley End of Western Zhou 西周		The death and the end of the reign of the 12th King of the Zhou 周 Dynasty King You 周幽王

	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
东周	770	Eastern Zhou 东周 dōng zhōu	Start of Eastern Zhou 东周			Capital: Luoyang 洛阳 (in Henan 河南 ) in the East
	2775 y.a.		decline of feudal aristocracy	from bronze to iron
				use of money

			Age of Philosophy The Hundred Schools of Thought 诸子百家 zhū zǐ bǎi jiā	various schools of philosophers / thinkers during late Zhou 周 Spring and Autumn Warring States Period 春秋战国时代		770 BCE - 220 BCE


	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
	722	春秋时代	Eastern Zhou (770-221 BC) 东周 Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC) 春秋时代 Warring States (475-221 BC) 战国时代春秋战国时代		Five dukes	feudal states fought against each other
							Birth of Thales of Ionia - Father of geometry 几何学

			Birth and Death of 老子 Lao Zi	道德经 Dao de Jing		Founder of Daoism 道教 - advocated a life of simplicity and harmony with Nature

							Thales of Ionia - Father of geometry 几何学
	586		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Destruction of the First Temple in Jerusalem and the city by the Babylonians - led by Nebuchadnezzar II Also start of the Babylonian captivity

	551		Birth of 孔子 Kong Zi	Confucianism - ethical & philosophical system		- advocated that people should treat each other with mutual respect Knowing others is wisdom; Knowing the self is enlightenment. Five Classics 五经 1) Book of Odes / Songs / Poetry 诗经 2) Book of History 书经 3) Book of Changes I Ching 易经 4) Book / Classic of Rites 礼记 5) Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋志

	550- 540		Birth of 孙子 Sunzi		孙子 Sunzi born in State of Qi but moved to State of Wu	孙子兵法 Sunzi's Art of War	Aesop - Greek story teller

	541		The first floating bridge was built across 黄河 Huanghe The Yellow River			Ref: Chinese Bridges: Living Architecture From China's Past - Ronald G. Knapp
	539		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Persians conquered Mesopotamia








	522		Birth of 冉求 Ran Qiu		Famous scholar and disciple of 孔子 Kongzi (Confucius)	He was also a military commander and statesman
	522		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Start of the reign of Darius I or Darius the Great the Persian King

	505		Birth of Zeng Zi 曾子 zēng zǐ		Zeng Zi 曾子 zēng zǐ	Philosopher and student of Kong Zi 孔子 kǒng zǐ presumed author of a large portion of Great Learning 大学 and important compiler of the Analects 论语

	500		Death of Yanzi / Yanying 晏婴		Yanying 晏婴 - thinker, politician and states- man of Qi State 齐国 protagonist of the book 晏子春秋 "The Spring & Autumn Annals of Master Yan"	Qi State (of Western Zhou 西周) existed during the Warring States (战国) - centered in today's Shandong 山东.


	494		War between State of Wu 吴 and the State of Yue 越

	490		孔子 Kongzi/Confucius traveled from 蔡Cai to 叶(Ye)邑 to discuss with 叶公 Ye Gong/ the Duke of Ye about politics and moral issues of integrity			蔡Cai was a vassal state during the 春秋战国时期 Spring & Autumn and the Warring States period
	490		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Battle of Marathon - Persian invasion of Greece Victory: Greek/Athenian army: 10,000 defeated the army of King Darius

	481/ 475		End of Spring and Autumn Period 春秋时代			481BCE - according to Spring and Autumn Annals 475BCE - generally accepted date

	479		State of Chen 陳国 annexed by State of Chu 楚国
	479		Death of Kong Zi 孔子 kǒng zǐ

	476		Start of the reign of 姬仁 Ji Ren / 周元王 King Yuan of Zhou

				Sword of Gou Jian 越王勾践剑践	春秋五霸 the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn period 齐桓公 Duke Huan of Qi 晋文公 Duke Wen of Jin 楚庄王 King Zhuang of Chu 宋襄公 Duke Xiang of Song 秦穆公 Duke Mu of Qin 吴王阖闾 King Helu of Wu King Gou Jian of Yue 越王勾践
	------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
	475	战国	Start of Warring States Period 战国		Seven overlords
	474		Shu emissaries present gifts to Qin court first recorded contact between Shu and Qin


	469		End of the the reign of 姬仁 Ji Ren / 周元王 King Yuan of Zhou

	468		Birth of Mo Zi 墨子			Mohism School founded Mo Zi 墨子 condemned wars and called for "Love for all" (advised people to consider their obligations to all fellow humans)

	450		Fall of 缯国 the Kingdom (State) of Zeng			The state of destroyed by the 越国 Kingdom of Yue
	450		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Hippocrates (the western world's first physician) proposed that emotions originate from the brain
	447		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Start of the building of the Parthenon in Athens

	438		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				The contruction of Parthenon completed

	436		Death of Zeng Zi 曾子

	433		The chime bells Bianzhong 编钟 of Marquis Yi of Zeng 曾侯乙编钟 were made			See: Year 1978 when it was unearthed

	407		Birth of 秦越人 Qin Yue Ren	扁鹊 Bian Que	Famous doctor

	395		Birth of 杨朱 Yang Zhu		philosopher early 战国 Warring States period

	390		Birth of Shang Yang 商鞅		Shang Yang 商鞅	Legalist,scholar, philosopher, politician statesman and reformer - State of Qin 秦

	387		Shu and Qin troops battle near Hanzhong on upper Han River

	381		Birth of Duke Xiao of Qin 秦孝公 Qin Xiaogong

	376		Death of Mo Zi 墨子


	372		Birth of Meng Zi 孟子		Meng Zi 孟子	scholar of Confucianism "love one's family; love the people; love all living things in the world"

	369		Birth of Zhuang Zi 庄子		Zhuang Zi 庄子	important interpreter of Daoism 道教

	362		Start of the reign of the Duke Xiao of Qin 秦孝公 Qin Xiaogong

	359		Duke Xiao of Qin 秦孝公 Qin Xiaogong convened a court meeting on reforms in which Shang Yang 商鞅 attended		Legalist,scholar, philosopher, politician, statesman and reformer - State of Qin 秦

	356		(356-338) Centralising of Qin under Shang Yang 商鞅
	356		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Birth of Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝

	340		Birth of Qu Yuan 屈原		Qu Yuan 屈原 - statesman and poet of the Kingdom of Chu 楚国	composer of the poem 离骚 - in the collection Songs of Chu 楚辞

	338		Death of Shang Yang 商鞅
	338		Death of Duke Xiao of Qin 秦孝公 Qin Xiaogong

	338		Birth of Queen Dowager Xuan 宣太后		Queen Dowager Xuan 宣太后 aka Mi Yue 芈月

	335		Death of 杨朱 Yang Zhu		philosopher during the early 战国 Warring States period

	334		China was made up of 7 states/kingdoms 楚 Chu, 韩 Han, 齐 Qi, 秦 Qin, 魏 Wei, 燕 Yan and 赵 Zhao			Historians call the seven powerful states: 战国七雄
	334		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Alexander the Great set out to conquer the Persian Empire

	332		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝 invaded Egypt

	323		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Death of Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝 Macedonian Ptolemy became satrap of Egypt

	316		Shu state 蜀 was conquered by Qin state 秦 Construction of Chengdu 成都

	314		Construction of Chaotianmen 朝天门	Meeting of Jialing River 嘉陵江 and 长江 Yangtze River		Chaotianmen 朝天门 can be translated as "Gate to Seeking An Audience with the Emperor"
	314		Late Kaiming King's son Marquis Yaotong ruled together with a Qin 秦国 governor.

	313		Birth of 荀子 Xunzi		philosopher, Confucian thinker	One of the many teachings of 荀子 Xunzi was : "Musical education empowers minds to reach a state of purity. With music and rituals, people are infused with more logical, intelligent and peaceful thoughts."

	311		Official Chen Zhuang revolted and killed Marquis Yaotong

	310		Death of 秦越人 Qin Yue Ren	扁鹊 Bian Que	Famous doctor

	307		Queen Dowager Xuan 宣太后 / Mi Yue 芈月 became de facto ruler for Qin state 秦国

	305		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Start of the Ptolemaic Empire Egypt under this empire

	c. 300		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Use of chariots in Britain




	289		Death of Meng Zi 孟子

	286		Death of Zhuang Zi 庄子

	283		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Library of Alexandria was founded

	280		Birth of Han Fei 韩非		Legalist philosopher

	279		The Dian 滇 Kingdom was established	central 云南 Yunnan	莊嶠 Zhuang Qiao	General 莊嶠 Zhuang Qiao ordered his troops to settle down in the Dian region & established the first kingdom in 云南 Yunnan (滇国 Kingdom of Dian) - famed for bronze metallurgy [Bronze Age]

	278		Death of Qu Yuan 屈原 Legend has it that he drowned in the River Miluo 汨罗江	湖南 Hunan	Qu Yuan 屈原 - statesman and poet of the Kingdom of Chu 楚国	composer of the poem 离骚 - in the collection Songs of Chu 楚辞

	270		End of Queen Dowager Xuan's reign 宣太后

	265		Death of Queen Dowager Xuan 宣太后


	259		Birth of Prince Ying Zheng 嬴政 (Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇 )

	257		Birth of Zhao Tuo 趙佗		ZhaoTuo 趙佗 First king of Nanyue 南越 General during Qin 秦 Dynasty

	256		Birth of Liu Bang 刘邦

	256		Construction of Dujiangyan 都江堰		Li Bing 李冰 - governor of Shu 蜀 shǔ	Father 李冰 lǐ bīng and Son 李二郎 hydraulic engineers 深淘滩，浅做堰 Dig deep the channels but keep the weirs (spillways) shallow.

	251		Reported birth of Zhang Liang 張良		strategist and statesman chief counselor of Liu Bang 刘邦	one of the "Three Heroes of the early Han Dynasty"

	247		Ying Zheng 嬴政 became King of Qin 秦

	238		Death of 荀子 Xun Zi		philosopher, Confucian thinker	One of the many teachings of 荀子 Xunzi was : "Musical education empowers minds to reach a state of purity. With music and rituals, people are infused with more logical, intelligent and peaceful thoughts."


	233		Death of Han Fei 韩非		Legalist philosopher

	232		Birth of Xiang Yu 项羽		(warlord of Chu - Xiang Yu 项羽)

	229		Birth of Qin Er Shi 秦二世 son of Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇

	226		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Year the Palenque ruins have been dated back to so far

	223		The state of Chu 楚国 overthrown by the State of Qin 秦国

	221	Zhou	End of Eastern Zhou / Warring States Period d

	Year	Dynasty	Notes 01	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes 02	Elsewhere in The World
秦	221	Qin 秦代	China Proper was unified and the Qin Dynasty 秦代 begins - marked the beginning of China's feudal society		Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇	Capital: Chang 'an 长安 near Xian 西安市
			Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇 became the First Emperor	forced imposition of common system of writing; legalism state philosophy Lesser Seal writing	Meng Tian 蒙恬 - General of Great Wall
					Li Si - 李斯 Prime Minister / Chancellor
					Zhao Gao 趙高 - eunuch

秦	211		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Death of Ptolemy III and the start of Ptolemy IV's reign of Egypt

秦	210		Death of 秦始皇 Qin Shi Huang		Qin Er Shi 秦二世 (Hu Hai) became the Second Emperor

秦	209		大泽乡起义 Chen Sheng Wu Guang uprising			This uprising is said to have led the way for the rise of the 汉 Han Dynasty (See 206BCE)

秦	208		Li Si's 李斯 execution
	208		Power of 趙高 Zhao Gao increased

秦	207		Zi Ying 子嬰 became the third and last Emperor of 秦 Qin
	207		Battle of Julu 巨鹿县	Xiang Yu 项羽 's Chu defeated Qin army

						The Great Wall
						The Age of sculpture - high brush used in writing; beginning of literacy
						burning of classics



秦
	206			End of Qin 秦代
	-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
BC	206	Han 汉代	Start of Western Han 西汉		founder: Liu Bang 刘邦 He ruled as the first Han Emperor reign name: Han Gaozu 汉高祖刘邦	conflict between Xiang Yu 项羽 and Liu Bang 刘邦 Western Han 206 BCE to 9 BCE with the capital Changan 长安


	204		Start of the 南越 Nanyue Kingdom aka Nam Viet / Southern Yue		ZhaoTuo 趙佗 First king of Nanyue 南越 General during Qin 秦 Dynasty	covered Guangdong 广东, Guangxi 广西, Hainan 海南, Hong Kong 香港, Macau 澳门, northern Vietnam 越南 and southern Fujian 福建

	203		Birth of 刘恒 Liu Heng		汉文帝 Emperor Han Wen Di Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty

	202		Strife between Chu and Han Death of Xiang Yu 项羽 Start of the reign of Liu Bang 刘邦		warlord of Chu Xiang Yu 项羽	Battle of Gaixia 垓下之战

	202		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Start of the Kingdom of Numidia 努米底亚王国

	c 200		A tribe of people from 云南 Yunnan moved southward to today Myanmar -> Pyu people


	195		End of reign and the death of Liu Bang 刘邦

	189		Death of Zhang Liang 張良		chief counselor of Liu Bang刘邦

	180		Start of the reign of 汉文帝 Emperor Han Wen Di		刘恒 Liu Heng

	179		Birth of 董仲舒 Dong Zhongshu			Dong Zhongshu 董仲舒 was a philosopher / scholar / statesman - responsible for establishing / promoting Confucianism as system of values in Western Han; civil service examinations

	175		Birth of Zhao Mo 趙昩		Zhao Mo 趙昩 is the grandson of Zhao Tuo 趙佗. He is the 2nd King of Nanyue 南越

	169		Birth of 司马谈 Sima Tan	Historian & expert in celestial studies	father of 司马迁 Sima Qian	started the 史记 Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian) completed by his son 司马迁 Sima Qian

	164		(Est.) Birth of Zhang Qian 張騫		"trailblazer of the Silk Road"	official and diplomat , envoy who returned to China with information about Central Asia


	157		Death and end of reign of the Emperor Wen of Han 汉文帝 Emperor Han Wen Di		刘恒 Liu Heng

	156		Birth of 汉武帝 Han Wudi

	145		Birth of Sima Qian 司马迁	Shiji 史记 Records of the Grand Historian	Sima Qian 司马迁	Read about Sima Qian 司马迁 here.
	145		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Battle of Antioch - Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Empire (today Syria) Victory: Ptolemaic


	141		Han Wudi 汉武帝 begins his reign			He reigned for 54 years (141BCE - 87BCE) - considered the most glorious period of Han Dynasty 汉代
	140			Jianyuan 建元 Era		Jianyuan 建元 Era (140BCE-135BCE)
	140		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Simon Maccabaeus crowned king of Judea

	138		張騫 Zhang Qian set off to the Western Regions (today - 新疆 Xinjiang and parts of Central Asia)		On assignment by Emperor 汉武帝 Han Wudi	His mission: Unite the 大月氏 Western Regions people against the 匈奴 Xiongnu / Huns whose preceding chieftain had been killed. (The leader of the 匈奴 Xiongnu / Huns (Chanyu) had further humiliated the 大月氏 Western Regions people by drinking wine from the skull of the dead chieftain he had killed - using it as his "goblet".)

	137		Start of the reign of Zhao Mo 趙昩		Zhao Mo 趙昩 is the grandson of Zhao Tuo 趙佗. He is the 2nd King of Nanyue 南越

	134			Yuanguang 元光 Era		Yuanguang 元光 Era (134BCE -129BCE)

	128			Yuanshuo 元朔 Era		Yuanshuo 元朔 Era (128BCE - 123BCE)

	124		Death and End of the reign of Zhao Mo 趙昩		Zhao Mo 趙昩 is the grandson of Zhao Tuo 趙佗. He is the 2nd King of Nanyue 南越	His mausoleum is located in Guangzhou 广州 See the discovery of the tomb in 1983CE

	122			Yuanshou 元狩 Era		Yuanshou 元狩 Era (122BCE - 117BCE)

	119		張騫 zhāng qiān Zhang Qian's second trip to the Western Regions		"trailblazer of the Silk Road"	See also 138 BCE - his first trip

	116			Yuanding 元鼎 Era		Yuanding 元鼎 Era (116BCE - 111BCE)

	114		Death of Zhang Qian 張騫 zhāng qiān		"trailblazer of the Silk Road"

	111		Dunhuang 敦煌 Commandery (district under control of a commander) est'd
	111		Jiuquan 酒泉 founded as a military post

	110			Yuanfeng 元封 Era		Yuanfeng 元封 Era (110BCE - 105BCE)

	110		儋耳 Dan'er Commandery and 珠崖 Zhuya Commandery were set up	海南 Hainan
	110		Death of 司马谈 Sima Tan		father of 司马迁 Sima Qian	started the 史记 Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian) completed by his son 司马迁 Sima Qian

	109		The Kingdom of Dian 滇王国 officially became a vassal state of the Han Dynasty 汉代	云南 Yunnan	General 郭昌 Guo Chang	General Guo Chang 郭昌 was sent by Emperor Wu Han Wudi 汉武帝 to Yunnan 云南 to set up the Yizhou commandery in Jinning, Dianchi county 滇池县晋宁市

	106		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Birth of Pompey the Great in Rome

	105		Marriage alliance between 刘细君 Liu Xijun (aka 烏孫公主 the Princess of Wusun) and the King of Wusun		刘细君 Liu Xijun was a princess of the Han Dynasty.	The marriage strengthened the alliance between the Han Dynasty and Wusun - especially to fight the 匈奴 Xiongnus

	104			Taichu 太初 Era		Taichu 太初 Era (104BCE - 101BCE)
	104		Death of Dong Zhongshu 董仲舒

	100			Tianhan 天汉 Era		Tianhan 天汉 Era (100BCE - 97BCE)

	96			Taishi 太始 Era		Taishi 太始 Era (96BCE - 93BCE)

	92			Zhenghe 征和 Era		Zhenghe 征和 Era (92BCE - 89BCE)
	92		Birth of Liu He 刘贺		Marquis of Haihun	See 74 BCE


	91		Sima Qian 司马迁 completed The Records of the Grand Historian 史记		Sima Qian 司马迁

	88			Houyuan 后元 Era		Houyuan 后元 Era (88BCE - 87 BCE)

	87		End of the reign of Han Wudi 汉武帝
	87		Start of the reign of Emperor Han Zhaodi 汉昭帝

	85		Death of Sima Qian 司马迁		Sima Qian 司马迁 author of the The Records of the Grand Historian 史记

	77		Birth of 京房 Jingfang		西汉 Western Han scholar



	75		Birth of 汉元 Emperor Yuan		Emperor Yuan 汉元帝 Reign: 48BCE - 33BCE

	74		Death, and end of the reign, of Emperor Han Zhaodi 汉昭帝
	74		Short reign of Liu He 刘贺	Yuanping 元平 Era	Marquis of Haihun


	63		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Birth of Caesar Augustus

	62		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Archaeological digs in Britain - metal coins dated to 62 BCE

	59		Death of Liu He 刘贺		Marquis of Haihun

	55		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				First Roman invasion of Britain (Julius Caesar)

	54		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Second Roman invasion of Britain (Julius Caesar)

	48		Start of Emperor 汉元帝 Yuan's reign			Emperor 汉元帝 Yuan applied 孔子 Kongzi's teachings / Confucianism during his reign
	48 -47		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Siege of Alexandria by Julius Caesar and the destruction/partial destruction (burning) of the Great Library of Alexandria

	46		Emperor 汉元帝 Yuan combined the 儋耳 Dan'er Commandery and 珠崖 Zhuya Commandery to become Zhulu County

	44		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Julius Caesar was assassinated in Rome
	40		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				End of the Kingdom of Numidia 努米底亚王国

	37		Death of 京房 Jingfang		西汉 Western Han scholar
	37		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				--- Start of King Herod I / Herod the Great 's reign as King of Judea -- The Kingdom of Goguryeo (also called Goryeo) was founded

	33		Death of Emperor 汉元帝Yuan and end of his reign

	30		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				End of the Ptolemaic Kingdom; Death by suicide of Cleopatra ; Roman conquest of Egypt

CE	===============================================================================================================================================

						c 1st Century CE - 皇帝八十一难经 The Yellow Emperor's Classic of 81 Medical Problems was published One of four well known classics of Traditional Chinese Medicine

	2		Imperial census registered population of China to be almost 58 million			approximately 1/3 of est. population of the world

	3		Birth of Ban Biao 班彪	started the 汉书 Book of Han aka Han History	Father of Ban Gu 班固 Ban Chao 班超 Ban Zhao 班昭 - daughter	But credit for the Book of Han / Han History 汉书 is given to Ban Biao 班彪 's son Ban Gu 班固
CE	9		End of Western Han
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
CE	9	Xin 新朝	Start of Xin 新朝		Wang Mang 王莽 overthrew the 汉代 Han Dynasty and founded the Xin 新朝	The character 新 means new / fresh
	9		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Battle of Teutoburg Forest / Varian Disaster Alliance of Germanic tribes vs the Roman Empire Victory: the Germanic peoples

	11		Major floods caused by 黄河 Huang He The Yellow River

	14		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Start of the reign of Tiberius Caesar Augustus (2nd Roman Emperor) -- census reported 5 million residents


	23	Xin	End of 新朝 Xin
	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
	25	Eastern Han or Later Han 后汉	Start of Eastern Han 东汉 Later Han 后汉 Luoyang 洛阳 was established as the capital			Capital: Capital: Luoyang 洛阳 (in Henan 河南) in the East
	32		Birth of Ban Gu 班固 Birth of Ban Chao 班超	completed the 汉书 Book of Han aka Han History started by his father Ban Biao 班彪 renowned military man - Western Regions / - The Silk Road base: 咸阳市 Xianyang		咸阳市 Xianyang prefecture level city in Shaanxi

	33		The rebellion of 公孙述 Gongsun Shu against the (Eastern) 汉 Han Dynasty			an army was raised to capture 巫县 Wuxian county in 四川 Sichuan province
	33		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Jesus was crucified (est by scholars to be bet 30CE to 33CE)

	45		Birth of Ban Zhao 班昭		daughter of 班彪 Ban Biao sister of Ban Gu 班固 and Ban Chao 班超	Code of Conduct for Women

	46		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Roman port, Portus, was commissioned

	54		Death of Ban Biao 班彪	started the 汉书 Book of Han aka Han History
	54		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Start of Nero's reign (5th Roman Emperor)

	58		Birth of Xu Shen 许慎		author of Shuowen Jiezi 说文解字	first comprehensive Chinese character dictionary the first to use the principle of organization by sections with shared components called radicals 部首
	61		Birth of Cai Lun 蔡伦 - inventor of paper

	68		Oldest Buddhist temple constructed in China	洛阳 Luoyang 河南 Henan		白马寺 White Horse Temple

	68		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				- Establishment of Kingdom of Funan - Mekong Delta - Emperor Nero of Rome committed suicide
	69		The 永昌郡 Yongchang Commandery was established	bet. 澜沧江-怒江 (Lancangjiang & Nujiang)
	69		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Start of the reign of Vespasian The Coliseum was built during his reign

	70		Major floods caused by Huang He 黄河 The Yellow River
	70		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Siege of Jerusalem by the Romans The city and the Temple Mount destroyed - thousands of Jews killed led by Titus Caesar Vespasianus

	75		Introduction of 佛教 Buddhism into China

	78		Birth of Zhang Heng 张衡 - one of the world's first astronomers	developed the armillary sphere	Zhang Heng 张衡 polymath scientist and statesman from Nanyang 南阳	It is reported that he applied hydraulics in the workings of an armillary sphere

	79		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Eruption of Vesuvius

	85		Birth of 王符 Wang Fu		writer, philosopher, political commentator	credited for 潜夫论 Quan Fu Lun / Comments of a Recluse 大鹏之动，非一羽之轻也；骐骥之速，非一足之力也 With just one light feather, a roc* cannot soar With just one strong leg, a horse cannot gallop * mythical bird

	92		Death of 班固 Ban Gu	credited for completing the 汉书 Book of Han aka Han History汉书

	111			the reported year of the completion of 汉书 Hanshu

	116		张衡 Zhang Heng was appointed an official at the Emperor's court in 洛阳 Luoyang

	117		Death of 班昭 Ban Zhao	credited for completing the Book of Han aka Han History 汉书

	121		1st Chinese character dictionary - Shuowen 说文解字 presented to Emperor An of Han 漢安帝	with about 10,000 entries	Xu Shen 许慎 author / compiler	See also: Kang Xi (康熙 ) dictionary of the Qing dynasty (1644 - 1911) 康熙字典 (~ 47,000 character entries) Zhonghua Zihai 中华字海 the most comprehensive Chinese character dictionary (over 85 000 character entries)
	121		Death of 蔡伦 - inventor of paper
	121		Xiongnu 匈奴 expelled by Han 汉 forces

	127		Birth of Zheng Xuan 郑玄		Confucian scholar, master of classics, politician

	132		张衡 Zhang Heng invented the first seismoscope to detect earthquakes.

	139		Death of Zhang Heng 张衡 - one of the world's first astronomers		Zhang Heng 张衡 polymath scientist and statesman from Nanyang 南阳	It is reported that he applied hydraulics in the workings of an armillary sphere

	140		Birth of Hua Tuo 华陀		physician	成语 Chengyu story - 对症下药 study a problem & take appropriate steps to tackle it

	150		Birth of 张仲景		Author of 金匮要略 Synopsis of the Golden Chamber

	155		Birth of Cao Cao 曹操 (Courtesy name: Mengde 孟德)		Cao Cao 曹操 - poet, warlord, statesman	credited for founding the Cao Wei 曹魏 kingdom See Three Kingdoms 三国

	161		Birth of Liu Bei 刘备/ 劉備

	160-162		Birth of Guan Yu 关羽

	163		Death of 王符 Wang Fu		writer, philosopher, political commentator	credited for 潜夫论 Quan Fu Lun / Comments of a Recluse


	166		A messenger from Rome arrived at the capital, 洛阳 Luoyang		Dispatched by Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius (86CE-161CE)	Event was recorded in the 后汉书 History of the Eastern Han Dynasty (writer: 范晔 Fan Ye)

	176		Birth of Emperor Liu Bian 刘辩

	179		Birth of 司马懿 Sima Yi		司马懿 Sima Yi - minister / warlord of 曹魏 Cao Wei state	Grandfather of 司马炎 Sima Yan

	181		Birth of Zhuge Liang 诸葛亮	Courtesy name: 孔明 Kongming
	181		Birth of Emperor Xian 汉献帝		Personal name: Liu Xie 劉協
	184		Yellow Turban Rebellion or Yellow Scarves Rebellion 黄巾起义

	187		Birth of Cao Pi 曹丕		Cao Pi 曹丕 - first king of the Kingdom of Cao Wei 曹魏	See Three Kingdoms 三国

	189		Emperor Liu Bian 刘辩 Emperor Shao 汉少帝 was deposed by 董卓		Dongzhuo 董卓 - military general and warlord
	189		Start and end of the reign of Emperor Liu Bian 刘辩
	189		Liu Xie 劉協 succeeded the throne as Emperor Xian 汉献帝		Last emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty

	190		Death of Emperor Liu Bian 刘辩			poisoned by Dongzhuo 董卓

	192		Death of 董卓 - military general and warlord

	196		Cao Cao 曹操 moved capital from Luoyang 洛阳 to Xuchang 许昌		Emperor Xian 汉献帝	Xuchang 许昌 was Cao Cao 曹操 defacto capital during Eastern Han 东汉王朝

	200		Battle of Baima 白马之战		Cao Cao 曹操 vs YuanShao袁绍	Guan Yu (with Cao Cao 曹操 ) killed Yan Liang 颜良 (military general of YuanShao 袁绍)
	200		Battle of Guandu 官渡之战		Cao Cao 曹操 vs YuanShao 袁绍	Cao Cao 曹操 was victorious
	200		Death of Zheng Xuan 郑玄		Death of Zheng Xuan 郑玄
	200		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Edessa (in Turkey today) Abgar VIII converted to Christianity and made it the official religion of his city (at least 100 years before the Romans converted

	202		Death of YuanShao 袁绍	Battle of Guandu 官渡之战

	205		End of Yellow Turban Rebellion 黄巾起义

	207		Birth of Liu Shan 刘禅		Liu Shan 刘禅 - son of Liu Bei 刘备	Second and Last Emperor of Shu Han 蜀汉

	208 -209		Winter of 208-209 Cao Cao 曹操 lost the Battle of Red Cliffs 赤壁之战		Sun Quan 孙权 Emperor of Eastern Wu Liu Bei 刘备 Sun Quan 孙权
	208		Death of 华佗 Hua Tuo		physician


	211		Birth of 司马昭 Sima Zhao

	212- 214		Campaign to take over Yi Province / Yi Zhou 益州 (益州之战) by Liu Bei 刘备		Liu Bei 刘备 - First Emperor of Shu Han 蜀汉	Today, Yi Province / Yi Zhou 益州 covers Sichuan 四川 and Chongqing 重庆

	217- 219		Hangzhong Campaign 汉中之战	Liu Bei 刘备 took control of Hanzhong 汉中	Liu Bei 刘备 vs Cao Cao 曹操	Hanzhong 汉中 is located in the Province of Shaanxi 陕西

	219		Death of 张仲景 Zhang Zhongjǐng		Author of 金匮要略 Synopsis of the Golden Chamber

	220	E. Han	End of Eastern Han 东汉王朝
	-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
	220	Three Kingdoms 三国	Three Kingdoms 三国
			220-265 Wei 魏 the Wei 魏 state of the 三国 Three-Kingdoms Period founded by Cao Cao 曹操 Cao Wei 曹魏 - regarded as the most powerful of the Three Kingdoms 三国		Cao Pi 曹丕 Emperor of Cao Wei 曹魏 (calligrapher) ruled as Emperor Wen 魏文帝 Sima Zhao 司马昭 military general and statesman of Cao Wei 曹魏


			221-263 Shu 蜀汉		founded by 刘备 Liu Bei

			229-280 Wu 吴		Wu 吴 's famous king Sun Quan 孙权

	220		End of the reign of Emperor Xian 汉献帝 of 东汉 Eastern Han Dynasty		Last and 14th Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty
	220		Death of Cao Cao 曹操
	220		Cao Pi succeeded Cao Cao 曹操 and forced Emperor Xian to abdicate
	220		State of Cao Wei 魏 was formed			Capital - Xuchang 许昌 in central Henan 河南 province
	220		Death of 关羽 Guan Yu		关羽 Guan Yu was made a deity during the Sui Dynasty 隋朝
	220		Cao Pi 曹丕 named Sun Quan 孙权 the King of Wu 吴王

	221		Shu Han state was established			Capital - Chengdu 程度
	221		Liu Bei 刘备 became Emperor of Shu Han 蜀汉
	221		Death of Zhang Fei 张飞		Zhang Fei 张飞 - a military commander serving under Liu Bei 刘备

	223		The Yellow Crane Tower 黄鹤楼 was first constructed.			The Yellow Crane Tower 黄鹤楼 is located in today's City of Wuhan 武汉, the capital of the Hubei 湖北 Province. The tower was damaged many times throughout history and was rebuilt in 1985.
	223		Death of Liu Bei 刘备/劉備 End of Liu Bei 刘备's reign as Emperor Shu Han
	223		Liu Shan 刘禅 became King / Emperor of the Shu Han 蜀汉

	225		诸葛亮 Zhuge Liang's Southern Expedition aka the 南中平定战 Nanzhong Pingding War	云南 Yunnan	诸葛亮 Zhuge Liang

	226		Luoyang 洛阳 became Cao Wei 曹魏's capital

	229		Sun Quan 孙权 moved his capital to Jianye 建业		Wu 吴 's famous king Sun Quan 孙权	Jianye 建业 would later become (today's) Nanjing 南京 the capital of the province of Jiangsu 江苏. The name Jianye 建业 embodies "建功立业" - making great accomplishments and attaining respectable goals.

	232		Birth of 张华 Zhang Hua		politician, poet and writer

	233		Birth of 陈寿 Chen Shou		西晋 Western Jin historian who compiled the History of the Three Kingdoms 三国志

	234		Death of Zhuge Liang 诸葛亮

	236		Birth of 司马炎 Sima Yan		司马炎 Sima Yan was the founding emperor of 晋Jin Dynasty and the grandson of Sima Yi

	251		Death of 司马懿 Sima Yi		司马懿 Sima Yi - minister / warlord of 曹魏 Cao Wei state

	259		Birth of 司马衷 Sima Zhong		Second emperor of 晋 Jin Dynasty and the son of 司马炎 Sima Yan

	263		Shu and its capital Chengdu 成都 conquered by Wei 魏 armies		Deng Ai Zhong Hui

	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------						Elsewhere in The World
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes
	265	Western Jin 西晋	Start of Western Jin 西晋		Death of Sima Zhao 司马昭	Capital: Luoyang 洛阳
	266		Start of the reign of Emperor Wu 晋武帝		Sima Yan 司马炎	First emperor

	271		Death of Liu Shan 刘禅		Second and last emperor of 蜀汉 Shu Han

	280		End of State of Wu 吴国 and also the Three Kingdoms 三国		Last emperor of Eastern Wu was Sun Hao 孫皓

	283		Birth of Ge Hong 葛洪		Ge Hong 葛洪 Daoist, alchemist, writer originator of First Aid in TCM	Author of Baopuzi 抱朴子 - which is a collection of essays covering topics on immortality, alchemy, legalism and society

	289		Production of the 三国志 History of the Three Kingdoms		Work credited to 陈寿 Chen Shou

	290		End of the reign and death of Emperor Wu 晋武帝 / Sima Yan 司马炎		First emperor of 晋 Jin
	290		Start of the reign of 司马衷 Sima Zhong		Second emperor of 晋 Jin and the son of 司马炎 Sima Yan

	297		Death of 陈寿 Chen Shou		西晋 Western Jin historian who compiled the History of the Three Kingdoms 三国志

	300		Death of 张华 Zhang Hua		Western Jin poet and writer	politician

	301		Death of 司马伦 Sima Lun		Son of Emperor 司马懿 Sima Yi	Military general and 琅琊郡王 King of Langya county
	301		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Armenia became the first Christian country in the world

	303		Birth of Wang Xizhi 王羲之		Wang Xizhi 王羲之 Eastern Jin Dynasty 东晋 minister	calligrapher and writer

	304		Start of Sixteen Kingdoms 十六国

	307		Death and end of reign of 司马衷 Sima Zhong		Second emperor of 晋 Jin and the son of 司马炎 Sima Yan

	311		Yongjia Rebellion / Disaster of Yongjia 永嘉之乱			The capital Luoyang 洛阳 was sacked by captured by the Xiongnu 匈奴 and other groups

	313		The 吐谷渾 Tuhuyun Khanate/Kingdom was established			The Kingdom has been described as proto Mongol-speaking nomadic 鲜卑 Xianbei people in the Northwest (祁连山Qilian Moutains/ 青海 Qinghai) region
	313		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan, which accepted Christianity

	316		End of Western Jin 西晋

	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World
	317	东晋	Start of 东晋 Eastern Jin			Capital: Jianye 建业 or Jiangkang 健康建业 Jianye would later become (today's) Nanjing 南京 the capital of the province of Jiangsu 江苏

	337		Start of 前燕 Former Yan

	341		Birth of 司马丕 Sima Pi		the 6th emperor of 东晋 Eastern Jin

	351		Start of 前秦 Former Qin

	353		Mogao Grottoes 莫高窟 constructed - according to some reports

	354		General 桓溫 Huanwen led a campaign to fight the 前秦 Former Qin	南郡宣武公 Duke Xuanwu of Nan Commandery
	354		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Birth of the renowned Christian philosopher Augustine of Hippo

	361		Start of the reign of 司马丕 Sima Pi		the 6th emperor of 东晋 Eastern Jin
	361		Death of Wang Xizhi 王羲之		Wang Xizhi 王羲之 Eastern Jin Dynasty 东晋 minister	Calligrapher and writer

	363		Death of Ge Hong 葛洪		Ge Hong 葛洪 Daoist, alchemist, writer originator of First Aid in TCM	Author of Baopuzi 抱朴子 - which is a collection of essays covering topics on immortality, alchemy, legalism and society
	363		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Earthquake at Petra

	365		Death and end of reign of 司马丕 Sima Pi		the 6th emperor of 东晋 Eastern Jin
	365		Start of the reign of 司马奕 Sima Yi Emperor Fei of Jin 晋废帝		the 7th emperor of 东晋 Eastern Jin
	c. 365		Birth of 陶渊明 Tao Yuanming		Poet	among his literary works 桃花源记 The Peach Blossom Spring Story
	365		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Crete Earthquake & Tsunami - hit the port city of Alexandria

	366		Monk Lezun opened a cave at Mogao 莫高 and Monk Faliang opened another next to it

	370		End of 前燕 Former Yan

	372		End of the reign of 司马奕 Sima Yi		the 7th emperor of 东晋 Eastern Jin

	375		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Huns attacked and devastated Europe Birth of Alaric I - first King of the Visigoths

	376		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Visigoths crossed the Danube escaping the Huns

	382		Birth of Sima Dezong 司马德宗		the tenth emperor of 东晋 Eastern Jin


	383		Battle of Fei River 淝水之战			Former Qin against Eastern Jin Dynasty

	384		Start of 后秦 Later Qin			Construction of Maijishan Grottoes 麦积山石窟 began during the Later Qin 后秦 period
	384		Start of 后燕 Later Yan

	386		Death of 司马奕 Sima Yi		the 7th emperor of 东晋 Eastern Jin
	386		Start of 北魏 Northern Wei			During this time, the Ballad of Hua Mulan 花木兰 was written.
	386		Birth of 沮渠蒙逊 Juqu Mengxun		king of the Xiongnu state 北凉 Northern Liang
	386		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Peace treaty bet Roman Emperor Theodosius I and Empire of Iranians King Shapur III Armenia divided into two vassal states

	394		End of Former Qin 前秦

	395		参合陂之战 Canhe Bei zhi zhan Battle of Canhe Slope	北魏 Northern Wei 后燕 Later Yan		Victory: 北魏 Northern Wei
	395		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				- Massive attacks by the Huns on the Eastern Roman Empire - In India, King Rudrasimha III defeated by the Gupta Empire


	396		Start of the reign of Sima Dezong 司马德宗		the tenth emperor of 东晋 Eastern Jin

	397		Start of 北凉 Northern Liang

	397		Start of 南凉 Southern Liang

	398		Birth of 范晔 Fan Ye		historian from 南朝宋 Song of the Southern Dynasties	writer of 后汉书 History of Eastern Han

	407		End of 后燕 Later Yan

	407		Start of Xia Kingdom 夏王国			founded by the Huns 匈奴


	410		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Visigoths led by King Alaric captured and sacked Rome

	414		End of 南凉 Southern Liang

	417		End of Later Qin 后秦			Construction of Maijishan Grottoes 麦积山石窟 began during the Later Qin 后秦 period

	419		The capital of Xia Kingdom 夏王国統萬城 Tongwen City was built	Jingbian 靖边 County Shaanxi 陕西

	419		Death of Sima Dezong 司马德宗		the tenth emperor of 东晋 Eastern Jin

	420					Start of the Mogao Caves 莫高窟 of the Early Period 420CE - 581CE
	420		Start of the Western Liang 西凉

	420		End of Eastern Jin 东晋

	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World

	420
	420		Start of Northern and Southern Dynasties 南北朝


	420		Start of 南朝宋 Southern Song aka 刘宋 Liu Song		刘裕 Liu Yu founding emperor statesman and militarist - 宋武帝Emperor Wu of Song	First of the four Southern Dynasties
	421		Fall of the Western Liang 西凉 to Northern Liang 北凉

	421		陶渊明 Tao Yuanming wrote 桃花源记 The Peach Blossom Spring Story	桃花源记 The Peach Blossom Spring Story	poet

	422		Death of 刘裕 Liu Yu - 宋武帝 Emperor Wu of Song		founding emperor statesman and militarist

	427		Death of 陶渊明 Tao Yuanming		poet

	430	Northern Liang 北凉	Year that surviving earliest caves in 莫高窟 Mogao Grottoes traced back to			Caves 268, 272 and 275 are examples of Northern Liang 北凉 caves in the Mogao Grottoes 莫高窟

	432		End of 夏王国 Xia Kingdom

	439		End of Sixteen Kingdoms 十六国
	439		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The second city of the Roman Empire, Carthage in Africa was captured by the Vandals led by King Genseric

	445		Death of 范晔 Fan Ye		historian from 南朝宋 Song of the Southern Dynasties	writer of 后汉书 History of Eastern Han

	451		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Battle of the Catalaunian Plains - between the Romans and the Huns led by Attila


	460		End of Northern Liang 北凉

	476		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Fall of the western Roman Emprire

	479		End of 南朝宋 Southern Song
			aka 刘宋 Liu Song

	486		building of canals started which were expanded to become the Grand Canal 大运河 da yunhe during the 隋 Sui Dynasty

	493		Traced start of Longmen Grottoes 龙门石窟 Longmen shiku in 洛阳市 Luoyang, 河南 Henan		Emperor Xiaowen 北魏孝文帝

	495		Construction of the 少林 Shaolin temple			Northern Wei Dynasty 北魏

	502		Start of Southern Liang 南朝梁

	503		Birth of 陈武帝陈霸先 Chen Wudi / Chen Baxian		First emperor of the 南朝陈 Chen of the Southern Dynasties

	512		Birth of 谯国夫人 Lady Qiao Guo / 冼夫人 Lady Xian		leader of 俚人 Li people (branch of ancestors of 壮族 Zhuang ethnic group)

	526		Birth of 齐文宣帝高洋 Qi Wenxuan, Emperor Gaoyang		First emperor of the 北齐 Northern Qi

	530		Birth of 李德林 Li Delin		李德林 Li Delin - historian of Northern Wei and 随 Sui dynasty

	533		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Battle of Carthage Byzantine vs Vandals - Victory: Byzantine (Romans)

	534		End of Northern Wei Empire 北魏


	535		Start of Western Wei 西魏

	541		Birth of 杨坚 Yang Jian		隋文帝 Emperor Wen of Sui	First emperor of 随 Sui
	541		Birth of Sun Simiao 孙思邈		Doctor and herbalist; credited for inventing gunpowder	writer of 千金要方 Prescriptions Worth A Thousand in Gold Tang Compendium of herbal medicine
	541		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Plague of Justinian in the Byzantine Empire starts

	550		Start of 北齐 Northern Qi		First Emperor 齐文宣帝高洋 Qi Wenxuan Emperor Gaoyang

	557		End of 西魏 Western Wei
	557		End of 南朝梁 Southern Liang
	557		Start of 北周 Northern Zhou
	557		Start of 南朝陈 Chen of the Southern Dynasties		陈武帝陈霸先 Chen Wudi/ Chen Baxian was the first Emperor

	559		Death of 陈武帝陈霸先 Chen Wudi / Chen Baxian		First emperor of the 南朝陈 Chen of the Southern Dynasties
	559		Death of 齐文宣帝高洋 Qi Wenxuan, Emperor Gaoyang		First emperor of 北齐 Northern Qi

	566		Birth of Li Yuan 李渊		later to be the Tang 唐 Emperor Tang Gaozu 唐高祖 - in 618 CE	This would make Emperor Tang Gaozu 唐高祖 52 years old when he ascended the throne

	571		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Birth of the Prophet Muhammad

	577		End of 北齐 Northern Qi

	581		End of Northern Zhou 北周

	589		End of 南朝陈 Chen of the Southern Dynasties
	588 589		End of Northern and Southern Dynasties 南北朝			Some historians consider the Northern and Southern Dynasties 南北朝 as the latter part of the longer Six Dynasties (220 CE - 589 CE)
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World

	581	Sui 隋	Start of Sui Dynasty 隋朝 Start of the reign of Emperor Wen 隋文帝 / 杨坚 Yang Jian		First Emperor of Sui Dynasty Emperor Wen隋文帝 / 杨坚 Yang Jian	capital: Chang'an 长安 Great project of extending the canal system linking the North China plain to Changjiang River Valley

	587		Emperor Wen/杨坚 Yang Jian formally established a subject-based examination system to replace the 九品中正制 nine grade Zhongzheng system



	590		Death of Li Delin 李德林

	598		Birth of 唐太宗 Tang Taizong		Personal name: 李世民 Li Shimin	Second Emperor of Tang 唐 Dynasty
	598		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Historians opined that Chenla and Funan were unified (by Bhavavarman) by this year and this would eventually lead to the beginning of the Khmer Empire in 802CE

	601		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Æthelberht of Kent was the 1st Anglo-Saxon king to be baptized which soon led to the Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England

	602		Birth of 玄奘 Xuanzang		Buddhist monk, traveler,translator of scriptures
	602		Death of 谯国夫人 Lady Qiao Guo / 冼夫人 Lady Xian		leader of 俚人 Li people (branch of ancestors of the 壮族 Zhuang ethnic group)

	604		Death and end of the reign of Emperor Wen 隋文帝 / 杨坚 Yang Jian		First emperor of 隋 Sui
	604		Start of the reign of Emperor Yang / Emperor Yang Guang 杨广			During his reign the Grand Canal was dredged and the capital in the east, Luoyang 洛阳 was built

	609		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Quran was first revealed to the Prophet Muhammad

	617		Battle of Huoyi 霍邑之战 Huo yi zhi zhan		Li Yuan 李渊 against the Sui 隋 army
	617		Start of the reign of Emperor Gong of Sui 隋恭帝		Personal name: Yang You 楊侑

	618		End of the reign of Emperor Gong of Sui 隋恭帝 End of the Sui Dynasty 隋朝
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Year	Dynasty	Main Event(s)	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World

	618	Tang 唐代				翰林院 The Hanlin Academy was an institution where various literary, artistic and technical people worked.
	618		Start of 唐代 Tang Dynasty		Tang Gaozu 唐高祖 First Emperor of Tang 唐高祖	capital: 长安 Chang'an
	618		Death of Emperor Yang Guang 杨广 Emperor Yang of Sui		Emperor Yang Guang 杨广

	621		Birth of Li Tian 李畋 - Father of Fireworks 花炮祖师

	622		刘黑闼 Liu Heita, rebel leader during the late 隋 Sui Dynasty & early 唐 Tang Dynasty proclaimed himself 汉东王 King of Handong & established his capital at 洺州 Mingzhou	河北 Hebei
	622		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Prophet Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina. --> Hijra Islamic New Year

	624		Birth of Wu Zetian 武则天
	624		Birth of 慕容诺曷钵 Murong nuo he bo		The last Khan of the 吐谷渾 Tuyuhun Khanate / Kingdom

	625		Birth of Princess Wencheng 文成公主		She was betrothed to the Tibetan King Songtsen Gampo

	626		End of Emperor Tang Gaozu's reign Tang Gaozu 唐高祖
	626		Xuanwu Gate Incident 玄武门之变 Start of the reign of Emperor 唐太宗 Tang Taizong		Li Shimin 李世民 became the second Tang 唐 emperor and reigned as Emperor 唐太宗 Taizong	Li Shimin 李世民 - second son of Tang Gaozu 唐高祖 - assassinated his brothers, staging a "gate coup"
	627		玄奘 Xuanzang embarked on a journey to India seeking the 真经 zhen jing Sutra scriptures		Buddhist monk, traveler, translator of scriptures	On his return to 长安 Chang'an he brought with him 657 scriptures written in Sanskrit

	628		Birth of of Emperor 唐高宗 Tang Gaozong		Personal name: Li Zhi 李治 3rd 唐 Tang Emperor	His regent was Emperor 武则天 Wu Zetian
	630		Birth of Di Renjie 狄仁杰		Di Renjie was and official of the Tang 唐 Dynasty and chancellor during the reign of Wu Zetian 武则天
	630		Birth of 娄师德 Lou Shide		唐 Tang Minister and military general

	632		Envoys from the 突骑施 Tuqi tribe of 焉耆王 King Yanqi paid tribute to the 唐 Tang Dynasty
	632		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Prophet Muhammad died

	635		Death of Emperor Tang Gaozu 唐高祖
	635		慕容诺曷钵 Murong nuo he bo of the 吐谷渾 Tuyuhun Kingdom became Khan		慕容诺曷钵 Murong nuo he bo also had the Tang Dynasty noble title of the 青海王 Prince of Qinghai	General 侯君集 Hou Junji and his troops were dispatched by Emperor 唐太宗 Tang Taizong to help in the governance of 吐谷渾 Tuyuhun
	635		Arrival of Olopen, an archbishop, and his retinue in Chang'an 长安		Olopen and his followers called themselves "Nestorians" after their leader Nestorius who founded the branch of Christianity - Nestorianism	They were welcomed by Chancellor Fang Xuanling 房玄龄 (appointed by Emperor Taizong 唐太宗), provided an imperial library for scripture translation and funds to build a church.

	637		The construction of the Potala Palace		Songtsen Gampo
	637		Wu Zetian 武则天 enters the 唐 Tang Imperial Court	She was 13 years old

	639		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Muslim conquest of Egypt 639 - 646 CE

	640		弘化公主 Princess Honghua became Queen of the 吐谷渾 Tuyuhun Khanate / Kingdom when she married 慕容诺曷钵 Murong nuo he bo		弘化公主 Princess Honghua was reputed to be beautiful and dignified

	641		King Songtsen Gampo married Princess Wencheng 文成公主

	645		Battle between Tang and Goguryeo for Ansi City (a major city of the Goguryeo)		Army sent by Emperor Taizong 唐太宗
	645- 646		玄奘 Xuanzang returned from India with 657 pieces of Buddhist scriptures			The Buddhist scriptures were in Sanskrit

	649		Death and end of reign of Emperor 唐太宗 Tang Taizong		Personal name: 李世民 Li Shimin	Second Emperor of the 唐 Tang Dynasty 唐朝第二位皇帝
	649		Start of the reign of Emperor 唐高宗 Tang Gaozong		Personal name: 李治 Li Zhi	Third Emperor of the 唐Tang Dynasty Wu Zetian 武则天 now served 唐高宗 Tang Gaozong
	649		Birth of 王勃 Wang Bo		Poet, writer	Renowned for his literaty works


	650
	650		Recorded earliest date of Dazu Rock carvings 大足石刻 dazu shike

	652		The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda was originally built
	652		金明县主 Lady Jinming married 闼卢摸末 Ta lu mo mo of the 吐谷渾 Tuyuhun Khanate / Kingdom

	655		Wu Zetian 武则天 was made Empress

	656		Birth of Emperor 唐中宗 Tang Zhongzong	李显 Li Xian

	662		Emperor 唐高宗 Tang Gaozong's power weakened as he sufferred a stroke

	663 (-670)		The 吐谷渾 Tuyuhun Khanate/Kingdom ended			The Kingdom has been described as proto Mongol-speaking nomadic 鲜卑 xianbei people in the Northwest (祁连山 Qilian Mountains/ 青海 Qinghai) region

	665		Ansi City (a major city of the Goguryeo) was captured by the Tang 唐

	673		Birth of Zhang Jiuling 张九龄		Zhang Jiuling 张九龄 Tang poet featured in the 唐诗三百首 Three Hundred Tang Poems	One of the poems he wrote was "望月怀远 Wangyue huaiyuan"

	676		Death of 王勃 Wang Bo		Poet, writer	Renowned for his literaty works

	678		Fighting between 唐兵 Tang Army and 吐蕃 Tubo
	678		娄师德 Lou Shide was enlisted in the 唐 Tang army to fight 吐蕃 Tubo		唐 Tang Minister and military general
	678		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				梵魚寺 Beomeosa Temple was established in Busan, Korea

	680		Death of Princess Wencheng 文成公主		She was betrothed to the Tibetan King Songtsen Gampo

	682		Death of Sun Simiao 孙思邈		Doctor and herbalist, credited for creating gunpowder	writer of 千金要方 Prescriptions Worth A Thousand in Gold Tang Compendium of herbal medicine

	683		Death and end of reign of Emperor Tang Gaozong 唐高宗		Personal name: 李治 Li Zhi	The third Tang 唐 Emperor
	683		Start of the reign of 唐中宗 Emperor Zhongzong		Personal name: 李显 Li Xian

	684		End of the reign of 唐中宗 Emperor Zhongzong
	684		Start of the reign of 唐睿宗 Emperor Ruizong of Tang

	685		Birth of Emperor (Tang) Xuanzong 唐玄宗		Xuanzong 唐玄宗 was the 7th Tang Emperor

	688		Birth of 鉴真 Jianzhen		鉴真 Jianzhen was one of the renowned 唐 Tang monks
	688		Death of 慕容诺曷钵 Murong nuo he bo		The last Khan of the 吐谷渾 Tuyuhun Khanate / Kingdom

	690		End of the reign of 唐睿宗 Emperor Ruizong of Tang
	690		The beginning of the reign of Wu Zetian 武则天		Emperor Regent 武则天 Wu Zetian


	691		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Dome of the Rock was built over the original Temple Mount

	692		A trial system for appointing officials 试官制度 was instituted			This took place in the first year of the reign of 武则天 Wu Zetian / 武周 - 武周长寿元年


	699		Death of 娄师德 Lou Shide		唐 Tang Minister and military general

	700		Emperor Regent 武则天 Wu Zetian visited Mount Songshanin to absolve her sin with a written message on a gold slip		see 1982CE
	700		Death of Di Renjie 狄仁杰		Di Renjie was and official of the Tang 唐 Dynasty and chancellor during the reign of 武则天 Wu Zetian

	701		Birth of Li Bai 李白				Start of the Viking Age
	701		Birth of Wang Wei 王维		one of the "Four Great Tang Poets"

	703		Birth of An Lushan 安禄山

	704		The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda was rebuilt with 5 new stories added

	705		The death and end of the reign of Wu Zetian 武则天
	705		The start of the reign of Tang Zhongzong 唐中宗

	710		Death and end of reign of Tang Zhongzong 唐中宗

	712		Birth of poet, Dufu 杜甫		Dufu 杜甫 - reputed poet

	713		The start of the reign of Emperor (Tang) Xuanzong 唐玄宗

	719		Birth of Yang Yuhuan 杨玉环		aka Yang Guifei 楊貴妃	consort / lover of Emperor 玄宗 Xuanzong
	719		Arrival of South Indian Buddhist monk Vajrabodhi			some accounts has the year of arrival as 720CE

	734		According to 管士光 Guan Shiguang's 李白诗集新注 "New Annotations to Li Bai's Poetry Collection" 李白 Li Bai's 将进酒 was composed this year			黄锡珪 Huang Xigui's 李太白编年诗集目录 "Catalogue of Poems Chronicled by Li Taibai" records this poem in 752 CE See 752 CE

	735		杜甫 Dufu took the Imperial Examination 科举考试 ke ju kao shi and failed

	738		The 南诏国 Nanzhao Kingdom was founded		皮逻阁 Piluoge made King of Yunnan	Parts of 云南 Yunnan today The 南诏国 Nanzhao Kingdom lasted 247 years with 13 kings successively

	740		Death of 张九龄 Zhang Jiuling		Zhang Jiuling 张九龄 Tang poet featured in Three Hundred Tang Poems 唐诗三百首	One of the many famous poems he wrote was " 望月怀远 Wangyue huaiyuan"

	744		杜甫 Dufu met 李白 Li Bai for the first time

	745		杜甫 Dufu met 李白 Li Bai for the second time

	746		Dufu 杜甫 moved to the capital Chang'an 长安

	747		杜甫 Dufu took the civil service exam for the second time and failed			apparently the prime minister failed all the candidates
	747		黄山 Huang Shan was given its name in respect and recognition of the 黄帝 Yellow Emperor

	749		A 度支 Duzhi Grand official in charge of statistics and finance, 杨国忠 Yang Guozhong, enriched the 唐 Tang empire's treasury by getting regions to convert their stored grains to goods which were then transported to the capital.
	749		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				in West Asia, the devastating Earthquake of 749 - epicentre in Galilee

	751		Tang army lost to the Abbasid forces in the Battle of Talas			Some historians regard this event as one of the most consequential battles in world history. Some Chinese PoWs were paper-makers. When they were taken to the West, they brought the knowledge of paper-making there. Together wiith the writing and printing systems, civilisations are transformed.

	752		黄锡珪 Huang Xigui's 李太白编年诗集目录 "Catalogue of Poems Chronicled by Li Taibai" records Li Bai's 将进酒			See 734 CE

	753		鉴真 Jianzhen crossed the sea in his voyage to 日本 Japan		鉴真 Jianzhen - on the renowned 唐 Tang monks

	754		Dufu 杜甫 developed respiratory problems
	754		Birth of 异牟寻 Yi Mouxun		the sixth king of Nanzhao

	755		An-Shi Rebellion 安史之乱		An Lushan 安禄山 Shi Siming 史思明	started in Fanyang - commercial hub and military garrison


	756		Emperor 唐玄宗 (Tang) Xuanzong escaped to 四川 Sichuan and abdicated his throne to Li Yu		Emperor 唐玄宗 (Tang) Xuanzong - the 7th 唐 Tang Emperor
	756		Death of Yang Yuhuan 杨玉环		consort / lover of Emperor 玄宗 Xuanzong

	757		Death of An Lushan 安禄山
	757		Dufu 杜甫 and wife had their fifth child

	759		Death of Wang Wei 王维	Wang Wei 王维 one of the "Four Great Tang Poets"
	759		Dufu 杜甫 traveled to 成都 Chengdu	A poem Dufu 杜甫 wrote about 成都 Chengdu was 春夜喜雨
	761		Birth of Emperor Shunzong 唐顺宗		Personal name Li Song 李诵

	762		Death of Emperor (Tang) Xuanzong 唐玄宗
	762		Death of Li Bai 李白			Li Bai 李白 was said to have drowned

	763		End of the An-Shi Rebellion 安史之乱
	763		Death of 鉴真 Jianzhen		鉴真 Jianzhen - one of the renowned 唐 Tang monks

	765		Dufu 杜甫 and family sailed down 长江 Changjian (Yangtze River)

	770		Death of poet, Dufu 杜甫

	772		Birth of 白居易 Bai Juyi		poet
	779		Start of the reign of 异牟寻 Yi Mouxun as the sixth king of 南诏国 Nanzhao			Renowned for his intelligence and capability - in addition to the care he showed to his subjects	Renowned for his intelligence and capability - in addition to the care he showed to his subjects

	794		异牟寻 Yimou Xun was granted the title of 南诏王 King of Nanzhao by the Tang Court			See 738CE - the foundation of the 南诏国 Nanzhao Kingdom (part of 云南 Yunnan today)
	794		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				In Japan, 平安京 Heiankyo (a scaled replica of 长安 Chang'an) became the capital

	796		Birth of Lu Dongbin 吕洞宾		scholar and poet who was promoted to immortal One of the 8 Daoist Immortals 八仙

	802		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Start of the Khmer Empire - at its peak, it encompassed: Cambodia, Thailand, Laos and South Vietnam

	805		Start and end of the reign of Emperor Shunzong 唐顺宗

	806		Death of Emperor Shunzong 唐顺宗		Personal name Li Song 李诵

	808		Death and end of the reign of 异牟寻 Yi Mouxun as the sixth king of 南诏国 Nanzhao			Renowned for his intelligence and capability - in addition to the care he showed to his subjects

	815 - 816		白居易 Bai Juyi composed 《琵琶行》"Pipa Xing"

	828		Military unrest in 安南 Annan/Annam (a Tang protectorate)	today - northern part of 越南 Vietnam
	828		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Venetian merchants stole the body of St. Mark the Evangelist from Egypt

	830		Return journey of Arabian dhow from China to Africa was shipwrecked near Belitung Island			This shipwreck is also known as the Tang Shipwreck as the dhow carried a large collection of Tang Dynasty artefacts

	836		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The city of Samarra was built (in today's Iraq) to be the capital
							of the Abbasid Caliphate / Empire
	838		Birth of 皮日休Pi Rixui		Poet of 汴河怀古二首	Two Poems/Songs Reminiscing the Bianhe River

	846		Birth of Du Xunhe 杜荀鹤		Birth of Du Xunhe 杜荀鹤 Tang 唐 poet
	846		Death of 白居易 Bai Juyi		poet

	847		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Caliph Al-Mutawakkil came to power

	861		please scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Assassination of Caliph Al-Mutawakkil - credited for building Samarra in general and the Great Mosque in particular

	883		Death of 皮日休 Pi Rixui		Poet of 汴河怀古二首	Two Poems/Songs Reminiscing the Bianhe River

	893		Birth of Duan Siping 段思平		founder of the Dali Kingdom 大理国

	902		The 南诏国 Nanzhao Kingdom ended and was succeeded by 大長和 Da Changhe			Parts of 云南 Yunnan today
	902		Start of the 十国 Ten States

	904		Birth of Du Xunhe 杜荀鹤		Birth of Du Xunhe 杜荀鹤 Tang 唐 poet

	907	Tang	End of Tang Dynasty 唐代

	------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World

	907	五代十国	Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十国			period of political upheaval - five "dynasties" quickly succeeded one another in the heartland sixteen prefectures were ceded to the Khitan 契丹 Qidan Liao Dynasty 辽朝 - these were along the Great Wall
	907	大辽	Great Liao 大辽 or Liao Dynasty 辽朝 or Khitan State 契丹國 Qidan guo	established their southern capital Liao Nanjing or today's Beijing 北京	Khitan 契丹 Qidan warriors from the Liao River valley of Southern Manchuria	They were related to the Mongols Northeast region (Manchuria) and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region


	907		后梁 Later Liang of the Five Dynasties

	927		Birth of 赵匡胤 Zhao Kuangyin 宋太祖 Emperor Taizu of 宋 Song		Founder and 1st Emperor of 宋 Song

	934		Later Shu 后蜀 was established	Capital: 成都 Chengdu	founding emperor: 王建 Emperor Gaozu 蜀高祖	also known as Meng Shu 孟蜀 one of the Ten Kingdoms during the 五代十国 Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
	935		The 契丹 Qidan / KhitanSmall Script was created
	935		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Korea - the Goryeo annexed the Later Silla


	937		The Nanzhao Kingdom 南诏 was overthrown; the Dali Kingdom 大理国 was established	洱海 Erhai Area 云南 Yunnan	Duan Siping 段思平 founded the Dali Kingdom 大理国	lasted 315 years 22 successive kings

	938		Vietnam 越南 gained independence		Ngo Quyen

	939		Birth of 赵光义 Zhao Guangyi 宋太宗 Emperor Taizong of 宋 Song		2nd Emperor of 宋 Song

	941		李文谦 Li Wenqian - 李文谦 an official in charge of military suppliers of the Hexi Corridor 河西节度 set himself on fire (behind closed doors)
	941/ 942		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Harshavarman II succeeded Jayavarman IV as the Khmer King

	944		Death of Duan Siping 段思平


	960		The end of the 五代 Five Dynasties

	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World

	960	Song
		宋代
宋	960		宋太祖 Emperor Taizu of 宋 Song Founder and 1st Emperor of 宋 Song	赵匡胤 Zhao Kuangyin

	965		Song conquered Later Shu 后蜀

	968		Birth of Emperor Zhengzong 宋真宗

	972		Birth of Bi Sheng 毕昇		inventor of movable type printing 活字版印刷术发明者

	973		Birth of 曹玮 Cao Wei		- general of 北宋Northern Song

	976		Death of 赵匡胤 Zhao Kuangyin 宋太祖 Emperor Taizu of 宋 Song		Founder and 1st Emperor of 宋 Song Dynasty
	976		Start of the reign of 宋太宗 Emperor Taizong of 宋 Song	赵光义 Zhao Guangyi	2nd Emperor of 宋 Song

	979		The end of the 十国 Ten States

	990		Birth of Fan Kuan 范寬	Traveler Amid Mountains and Streams (7ft tall)	Fan Kuan 范寬 Chinese Landscape Painter	greatest single example of the monumental landscape style of painting based on Taoist principle of becoming one with nature

	997		Death of 宋太宗 Emperor Taizong	赵光义 Zhao Guangyi	2nd Emperor of 宋 Song
	997		The start of the reign of Emperor Zhengzong 宋真宗

	999		Birth of Justice Bao 包拯 (同义词包青天)

	1002		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The St Brice's Day Massacre

	1004		The name Jingdezhen 景德镇 came into existence when it was renamed from Changnanzhen 昌南镇 (name used during the Tang Dynasty 唐代.）	Jingdezhen 景德镇 is renowned for its pottery / porcelain		Changnanzhen 昌南镇 (Tang Dynasty 唐代) was renamed from Xinping (Han Dynasty 汉代- when porcelain was first made here - based on historical records.)

	1010		Birth of Emperor 宋仁宗 Song Renzong / 赵祯 Zhao Zhen
	1010		Troops of 辽朝 the Liao Dynasty crossed the 鸭绿江 Yalu River and into the capital of Songdo in an attack resulting from the murder of King Mokjong
	1010		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				(1009-1010) The Ly dynasty established in Vietnam ＆ the capital moved to Thăng Long (modern-day Hanoi)

	1012		Birth of Cai Xiang 蔡襄			One of the four great calligraphers of the Song 宋 Dynasty along with Mi Fu 米芾, Su Shi 苏轼 and Huang Tingjian 黄庭坚

	1016		Death of Lu Dongbin 吕洞宾		scholar and poet who was promoted to immortal One of the 8 Daoist Immortals 八仙

	1017		Birth of Zhou Dunyi 周敦頤		Confucian scholar / philosopher	Heaven creates life through yang 阳 and nurtures life through yin 阴

	1020		Birth of Zhangzi / Zhangzai 张载 zhāng zǎi		philosopher

	1021		Birth of 王安石 Wang Anshi		Politician, writer, thinker & reformer	The 成语 idiom 因循苟且 is attributed to him


	1022		Death and the end of the reign of Emperor Zhengzong 宋真宗
	1022		Start of Emperor 宋仁宗 Song Renzong 's / 赵祯 Zhao Zhen 's reign

	1027		Justice Bao 包拯 (同义词包青天) became a Jinshi 進士 recipient			Jinshi 進士 - graduate of the highest imperial examination
	1027		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				"The Book of Healing" (Arabic: کتاب الشفاء Kitab Al-Shifaʾ) by Abū Alī ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) from Persia was published

	1030		Death of Fan Kuan 范寬	Traveler Amid Mountains and Streams (7ft tall)	Chinese Landscape Painter
	1030		Death of 曹玮 Cao Wei		- general of 北宋 Northern Song


	1033		Birth of Cheng Yi 程颐		neo-Confucian scholar

	1037		Birth of Su Shi 苏轼 / Su Dongpo 苏东坡			One of the four great calligraphers of the Song 宋 Dynasty along with Mi Fu 米芾, Cai Xiang 蔡襄, and Huang Tingjian 黄庭坚

	1038		Beginning of Western Xia Empire 西夏		founded by Liyuanhao 李元昊	one of the three great barbarian empires ruling over northern China during the Song dynasty 宋

	1044		武经总要 Wujing zongyao (The Book of Martial Arts) was published after gaining approval from Emperor 宋仁宗 Song Renzong
	1044		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Bagan Empire was founded (King Anawrahta)

	1045		Birth of Huang Tingjian 黄庭坚			One of the four great calligraphers of the Song 宋 Dynasty along with Su Shi 苏轼, Cai Xiang 蔡襄, and Mi Fu 米芾

	1048		Huanghe River 黄河 Flood			lost of great number of human lives; topography of Northern Plain changed

	1050		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The end of the Viking era

	1051		Birth of Mi Fu 米芾		Mi Fu 米芾 - calligrapher, poet and painter	One of the four great calligraphers of the Song 宋 Dynasty along with Su Shi 苏轼, Cai Xiang 蔡襄, & Huang Tingjian 黄庭坚
	1051		Death of Bi Sheng 毕昇		Inventor of movable type printing 活字版印刷术发明者

	1053		Start of the construction of the 洛阳桥 Luoyang Bridge	泉州 Quanzhou 福建 Fujian	supervised by 蔡襄 Cai Xiang
	1053		Birth of 杨时 Yang Shi		writer, philosopher and official


	1054		A supernova (an explosion in the skies) was chronicled by Chinese astronomers	remains seen today as the crab nebula		6X brighter than Venus in the night sky visible for over 3 weeks day and night
	1054		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Some archeologists believe that the people of Chaco in southwest US recorded the event by carving the event on a cliff overhang
	1059		Completion of the construction of the 洛阳桥 Luoyang Bridge	泉州 Quanzhou 福建 Fujian	supervised by 蔡襄 Cai Xiang

	1063		Death and end of reign of Emperor 宋仁宗 Song Renzong / 赵祯 Zhao Zhen


	1066		A comet was described with great attention in the Annals of Song
	1066		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The Battle of Hastings - William the Conqueror (William the Bastard) defeated the Anglo-Saxons and massacred them - land grab / feudalism est. -- the start of the construction of White Tower (Tower of London) by William the Conqueror

	1067		Start of the reign of Emperor Shenzong 宋神宗		Emperor Shenzong 宋神宗 - the sixth Song Emperor
	1067		Death of Cai Xiang 蔡襄			One of the four great calligraphers of the Song 宋 Dynasty along with Mi Fu 米芾, Su Shi 苏轼 & Huang Tingjian 黄庭坚
	1071		Su Shi 苏轼 / 苏东坡 Su Dongpo appointed Secretary General of Hangzhou 杭州			One of the four great calligraphers of the Song 宋 Dynasty along with Mi Fu 米芾, Cai Xiang 蔡襄, & Huang Tingjian 黄庭坚

	1073		Death of Zhou Dunyi 周敦頤		Philosopher

	1076		Death of Zhangzai 张载		Philosopher

	1082		Birth of Song Huizong 宋徽宗		Emperor

	1084		Birth of Li Qingzhao 李清照 in Shandong province 山东省		(female) poet and essayist

	1085		Birth of Zhang Zeduan 张择端		Zhang Zeduan 张择端	painter of "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" 清明上河图

	1086		Death of 王安石 Wang Anshi		Politician, writer, thinker & reformer	The 成语 idiom 因循苟且 is attributed to him


	1087		Su Shi's/Su Dongpo's 试馆职 shi guan zhi" exam policy/method caused controversy/ dispute
	1087		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				First carvings of the Buddhist Tripitaka Koreana (characters mainly in Chinese) - today housed in the South Korean Haeinsa Temple

	1089		Su Shi 苏轼 / Su Dongpo苏东坡 became Governor of Hangzhou 杭州			One of the four great calligraphers of the Song 宋 Dynasty along with Mi Fu 米芾, Cai Xiang 蔡襄, and Huang Tingjian 黄庭坚

	1096		Birth of Wang Ximeng 王希孟		Wang Ximeng 王希孟 - painter of "A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains" 千里江山图	He was personally coached by Emperor Song Huizong 宋徽宗

	1098		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Completion of the construction of White Tower (Tower of London) commissioned by William the Conqueror

	1099		Huanghe River 黄河 Flood

	1100		Reign of Emperor Song Huizong 宋徽宗		calligrapher and lover of fine arts	revered as having artistic talents; invented the Slender Gold Style Calligraphy (featuring thin strokes)

	1101		Death of Su Shi 苏轼 Su Dongpo 苏东坡			One of the four great calligraphers of the Song 宋 Dynasty along with Mi Fu 米芾, Cai Xiang 蔡襄 & Huang Tingjian 黄庭坚

	1103		Birth of Yue Fei 岳飞		military strategist and general

	1105		Death of Huang Tingjian 黄庭坚			One of the four great calligraphers of the Song 宋 Dynasty along with Su Shi 苏轼, Cai Xiang 蔡襄 and Mi Fu 米芾

	1106		The Imperial Court at 开封 Kaifeng received a delegation from the Bagan Empire			Bagan - today Upper Ayeyarwaddy of Myanmar
	1106		杨时 Yang Shi was appointed an official / magistrate of 余杭县 Yuhang County	浙江 Zhejiang	writer, philosopher, and official
	1106		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Great Comet of 1106


	1107		Birth of Emperor Gaozong 宋高宗	Tenth 宋 Song Emperor	First Southern Song Emperor
	1107		Death of Mi Fu 米芾		Mi Fu 米芾 - calligrapher, poet and painter	One of the four great calligraphers of the Song 宋 Dynasty along with Su Shi 苏轼, Cai Xiang 蔡襄 & Huang Tingjian 黄庭坚
	1107		Death of Cheng Yi 程颐		philosopher, writer, politician








	1113		Wang Ximeng 王希孟 completed the painting "A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains" 千里江山图		He was 18 years old then	"A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains" 千里江山图is a blue-green landscape 青绿山水 masterpiece Length: 11.91m (longer than the 清明上河图 painting)
	1113		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Start of the reign of King Suryavarman II សូរ្យវរ្ម័នទី២ Angkor Wat was built during his rule

	1114		Start of the 10 year war / conquest of the Liao Dynasty 辽朝 by the Jurchens 女真 nvzhen

	1115		The Jurchens 女真 nv zhen conquered northern China --> Great Jin Dynasty 大金朝	The Jin Dynasty 金朝 was initiated

	1118		The name of the city 肇庆 Zhaoqing 'beginning celebration' was bestowed by Emperor 宋徽宗 Huizong	广东 Guangdong

	1119		Death of Wang Ximeng 王希孟		Painter of "A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains" 千里江山图	Wang Ximeng 王希孟 was 23 years old.

	1120		Birth of Zhao Boju 趙伯駒	Autumn Colors along Rivers and Mountains 江山秋色圖	Painter
							Building of Hindu temple at Angkor Wat - started by King Suryavarman II
	1122		Song rulers forced to retreat to the South by Jurchens 女真 nv zhen Hangzhou 杭州 became the capital of Southern Song			Recyclable materials used to build Hangzhou 杭州 were from former Northern Song capital, Kaifeng 开封

	1123		The start of the Jin 大金 Great Wall construction 金长城
	1123		Birth of Emperor Shizong of Jin 金世宗		Fifth Emperor of the Great Jin 大金Dynasty

	1125		End of the Liao Dynasty 辽朝		Jurchens (女真族 nv zhen)	Emperor Tianzuo was captured by the Jurchens 女真族 (女真族 nv zhen)

	1126		End of Reign of Emperor Song Huizong 宋徽宗			Abdicated and "retired" to countryside
	1126		Start of the reign of Emperor Song Qinzong 宋欽宗			Last emperor of Northern Song
	1126		The Jingkang Rebellion 靖康之乱
	-1127
	1127		End of the Reign of Emperor Song Qinzong 宋欽宗
	1127		Traced end of construction of Longmen Grottoes 龙门石窟 Longmen shiku
	1127		Birth of 杨万里 Yang Wanli		poet, writer, scholar


	1130		Birth of Zhu Xi 朱熹 zhū xī		Zhu Xi 朱熹 zhū xī most significant / influential Neo-Confucian	Four Books and Five Classics Among his many sayings: 以其人之道，还治其人之身

	1135		Death of 宋徽宗 Emperor Song Huizong	8th 宋 Song Emperor
	1135		Death of 杨时 Yang Shi		writer, philosopher and official

	1138		Start of the 安平桥 Anping Bridge construction	泉州 Quanzhou 福建 Fujian

	1142		Death of Yue Fei		military strategist and general

	1144		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Siege of Edessa - catalyst for the 2nd Crusade

	1145		Death of Zhang Zeduan 张择端			painter of "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" 清明上河图

	1146		Construction of the Ganlu Temple 甘露岩寺	Location: 太宁县 Taining County in 福建 Fujian

	1151- 1152		Completion of the construction of the 安平桥 Anping Bridge	泉州 Quanzhou 福建 Fujian		At the time of completion, it was the longest stone beam bridge in the world

	1153		Jin rulers (Jurchen 女真 nv zhen) Zhongdu the Central Capital (former Liao Nanjing)

	1156		Death of Li Qingzhao 李清照		poet and essayist

	1158		Construction of 望江门 Wangjiang Gate an ancient city gate in the southeast of Hangzhou (Shaoxing)
	1158		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				- Founding of Munich, Germany

	1161		Start of the reign of Emperor Shizong of Jin 金世宗		Fifth Emperor of the Great Jin 大金 Dynasty

	1162		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Birth of Genghis Khan

	1166		Birth of Li Song 李嵩 in Hangzhou 杭州		piece of art: Skeleton Fantasy Show 骷髅幻戏图 kulou huan xi tu	Li Song 李嵩 was an Imperial Court Painter (famed for painting human figures) He was adopted and trained by another Imperial Court Painter Li Congxun 李從訓

	1168		Birth of Emperor Zhangzong of Jin 金章宗		Sixth Emperor of the Great Jin 大金Dynasty

	1174
	1174		Sculpting of the "Nine Dragons Bathing The Prince" 九龙浴太子图 jiulong yu taizi tu			Location: Dazu Grottoes Display No 12 1174 - 1252

	1177		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				looting of Angkor by the Chams

	1180		Death of Zhao Boju 趙伯駒		painter

	1181		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Start of the reign of Jayavarman VII, the greatest Khmer King

	1186
	1186		Birth of 宋慈 Song Ci Renowned as the father of forensic science / medicine	福建 Fujian


	1187
	1187		Death of Emperor Gaozong 宋高宗		Southern Song 宋 First Emperor
	1187		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Muslim forces of Saladin victorious over the Crusader army and they captured the Temple Mount and controlled it for >700 years

	1189		Commencement of the building of Lugou Bridge 卢沟桥
	1189		Death and end of reign of Emperor Shizong of Jin 金世宗		Fifth Emperor of the Great Jin 大金 Dynasty
	1189		Start of the reign of Emperor Zhangzong of Jin 金章宗		Sixth Emperor of the Great Jin 大金 Dynasty

	1191		The Jurchens 女真 of 金 Jin promoted 汉字 Han characters to be used and that 女真字 Jurchen literary works translated to 汉语 Chinese
	1191		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Massacre at Ayyadieh - Killing of Muslims prisoners of war by Christian crusaders

	1192		Completion of the construction of Lugou Bridge 卢沟桥			Located in 北京 Beijing, Fengtai District, it is also known as the Marco Polo Bridge

	1198		Completion of the Jin Great Wall 金长城			See 1123 CE - start of the construction of the Jin Great Wall 金长城
	1199		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				King John succeeded Richard the Lionheart as the King of England


	1200		Death of Zhu Xi 朱熹		Zhu Xi 朱熹 most significant / influential Neo-Confucian

	1202		Birth of 史天泽 Shi Tianze			Served the 宋 Song Dynasty & also later as a minister/general during the 元 Yuan Dynasty
	1202		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Liber Abaci (The Book of Abacus) by Fibonacci appeared in Italy

	1205		Birth of Emperor Lizong 宋理宗		Later to become the 14th Emperor of Song 宋

	1206		Death of 杨万里 Yang Wanli		writer, poet, scholar


	1208		Death and end of the reign of Emperor Zhangzong of Jin 金章宗		Sixth Emperor of the Great Jin 大金 Dynasty

	1213		Birth of Jia Sidao 贾似道		Official placed in charge of operations against Khubilai Khan 忽必烈汗 hu bi lie han in Sichuan 四川

	1214		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Battle of Bouvines - England and France Victory - France

	1215		Mongols destroyed Jin's Central Capital (former Liao Nanjing)				End of the reign of Jayavarman VII, the greatest Khmer King
	1215		Birth of Khubilai Khan 孛儿只斤忽必烈		First 元 Yuan Emperor 元世祖
	1215		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The Magna Carta was published then annulled by Pope Innocent III -- civil war in England
							-- overall of salmon populations first noticed
	1216		Birth of 刘秉忠 Liu Bingzhong		architect and Chinese advisor to Khubilai Khan - The Great Khan 忽必烈汗

	1224		Start of the reign of Emperor Lizong 宋理宗		Personal name: Zhao Yun 赵昀	the 14th Emperor of the Song 宋 Dynasty - skilled calligrapher and poet


	1227		First armed conflict between the Mongols and Song (Sino-Mongol Wars)
	1227		Death of Genghis (Chinggis) Khan			Khubilai Khan 孛儿只斤忽必烈 formulated a plan to base his rule and power on the Chinese (like what the Liao and Jin did before him) - and to establish a capital inside the Great Wall

	1230 - 1231		The Mongols forced their way through the Song 宋 Dynasty

	1234		the Mongols defeated the Jurchens 女真 nv zhen End of Jin Dynasty 金朝
	1234		The Song 宋 took back Luoyang 洛阳 and Kaifeng 开封 from the Jin
	1234		The Mongols carried out the Siege of Luoyang			The fall of Luoyang is considered by some historians as the start of the conquest of the Song 宋 Dynasty by the Mongols

	1236		Birth of Wen Tianxiang 文天祥		hero who resisted the Mongol invasion of Jiangxi 江西


	1240		Birth of Emperor Duzong 宋度宗		the 15th Emperor of the Song 宋 Dynasty

	1241		Emperor 宋理宗 Lizong embraced the philosophy of Zhu Xi 朱熹		朱熹 Zhu Xi most significant / influential Neo-Confucian
	1241		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Battle of Mohi - Mongol Empire and Kingdom of Hungary Victory - the Mongols -- Death of Ogedei Khan (successor to Genghis Khan)

	1242		The Mongols captured Hangzhou 杭州 and invaded 四川Sichuan
	1242		A defense system constructed across 四川 Sichuan	Impregnable fortresses were built		- the 8 pillars of 四川 Sichuan

	1251		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Mongke Khan became the 4th khagan of the Mongol Empire

	1253		The Mongols captured Yunnan 云南 and the Dali Kingdom 大理国		Khubilai Khan 孛儿只斤忽必烈 sent by Mongke Khan ordered his troops to cross the 金沙江 Jinsha River	Thais intensified migrations from Yunnan 云南 (former Nanzhao 南诏) to the South


	1256		八字桥重建 Reconstruction of the Bazi Bridge in 绍兴 Shaoxing	浙江 Zhejiang
	1256		Plan and construction of Shangdu 上都 - over 300km north of former Jin capital and Liao Nanjing

	1258		The Mongol army entered 四川 Sichuan		led by Mongke Khan
	1258		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Siege of Baghdad led by Hulagu Khan brother of Mongke Khan

	1259		The Siege of 钓鱼城 Diaoyucheng The Fishing Fortress	about 50km north of 重庆 Chongqing the last of 8 pillars of 四川 Sichuan		The only battle where a Mongol Khan was killed in fights of conquest
	1259		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Death of Mongke Khan and civil war started among the Mongols - Accounts of how he died differed but it was linked to the Siege of 钓鱼城Diaoyucheng

	1260		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Start of Khubilai Khan's reign as the Khan of the Mongol Empire

	1264		End of reign and Death of Emperor Lizong 宋理宗
	1264		Start of the reign of Emperor Duzong 宋度宗		Emperor Duzong 宋度宗 was the 15th Song Emperor
	1264		Death of Li Song 李嵩		painter
	1264		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Ariq Boke surrendered to Khubilai Khan 忽必烈 in Xanadu (上都)

	1267		Start of the Battle of Xiangyang 襄阳之战		Song against the Yuan Song (Li Tenzhu and Lv Wenhuan Yuan (Aju)

	1269		Birth of Huang Gongwang 黄公望		Huang Gongwang 黄公望 - writer, poet and painter	One of the Four Masters of the Yuan Dynasty 元 Huang Gongwang 黄公望, Wu Zhen 吴镇, Ni Zan 倪瓒, Wang Meng 王蒙

	1271		Birth of Emperor Gong of Song 宋恭帝		Personal name: Zhao Xian 赵㬎
	1271		Start of Khubilai Khan 孛儿只斤忽必烈 's reign as Emperor Yuan Shizu 元世祖	He issued an imperial edict calling his empire 大元 Da Yuan
	1271		Dadu 大都 was made Emperor Yuan Shizu 元世祖 (Khubilai Khan) 's capital	now Beijing 北京
	1271		Khubilai Khan 孛儿只斤忽必烈 instructed new military governors of Yunnan 云南 to send envoys to Myanmar demanding tribute
	1271		Jacob d'Ancona arrived at 泉州 Quanzhou using the maritime silk route	泉州 Quanzhou was also then known as Zaitun
	1271		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Marco Polo started his journey from Venice

	1272		Khubilai Khan - The Great Khan 忽必烈汗 hu bi lie han renamed former Jin capital and Liao Nanjing to Dadu 大都

	1273		End of the Battle of Xiangyang 襄阳之战		Lv Wenhuan surrendered to the Mongols in Xiangyang

	1274		End of reign and death of Emperor Duzong 宋度宗
	1274		Start of Emperor Gong of Song 宋恭帝's reign		Personal name: Zhao Xian 赵㬎	He was 4 years old and the 16th Emperor of the 宋 Song Dynasty
	1274		Khubilai Khan - The Great Khan 忽必烈汗 hu bi lie han held court in Dadu 大都 for the first time
	1274		Death of 刘秉忠 Liu Bingzhong		architect and Chinese advisor to Khubilai Khan - The Great Khan
	1274		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Mongol invasion of Hakata Bay on the island of Kyushu

	1275		Marco Polo reached the Tarim Basin, 玉门关 Yumenguan / Yumen Pass, 敦煌 Dunhuang		Marco Polo - Italian who traveled the Silk Road kept detailed journals of his journey
	1275		Battle of Changzhou 常州之战		The Yuan 元 army battled the 宋 Song	Changzhou 常州 is a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu 江苏省 jiāng sū shěng
	1275		Death of Jia Sidao 贾似道		Official placed in charge of operations against Khubilai Khan in Sichuan 四川
	1275		Death of 史天泽 Shi Tianze			Served the 宋 Song Dynasty & also later as a minister / general during the 元 Yuan Dynasty

	1276		Grand Empress Dowager Xie surrendered to the Mongols on behalf of Emperor Gong of Song 宋恭帝

宋	1279		Battle of Yamen aka Naval Battle of Mount Ya 崖山海战		Zhang Shijie	some deem it "the last stand of the Song 宋 Dynasty"

	1279	Song 宋代

	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World

元	1279	Yuan
		元朝	云南 Yunnan given the title "province" - set up as one of the 11 provinces during this dynasty - provincial capital of 云南 Yunnan moved from 大理 Dali to 昆明 Kunming	the 土官制 Chieftain system was established in China by the Mongols (chieftains of local ethnic groups officially appointed to govern the local people)

元	1279		the Mongols defeated the Song at Hangzhou 杭州

元	1280		Beginning of the building of northern part of the Grand Canal
	1280		The 昆明忠爱坊 Zhongai Archway or Archway of Loyalty and Love was built	Kunming 云南 Yunnan


元	1283		Khubilai Khan 忽必烈 hu bi lie han invaded the Khmer Empire			King Jayavarman VIII decided to pay tribute and not fight
元	1283		Completion of the construction of the northern part of the Grand Canal
元	1283		Establishment of Guiyang 贵阳 city
元	1283		Death of Wen Tianxiang 文天祥

	1295		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Marco Polo's return to Venice

	1299		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Start of the Ottoman Empire

元	1302		Birth of 郭子兴 Guo Zixing		Leader of 红巾军 Red Turban Army in the 江淮地区 Jianghuai region	native of 安徽Anhui Province was instrumental in the rise of 朱元璋 Zhu Yuanzhang - the 1st 明 Ming Emperor

元	1324		Death of Marco Polo in Venice		Italian traveler along The Silk Road
	1324		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Mansu Kankan Musa I - the Emperor of Mali made a piligrimage to Mecca

元	1325		汉 Han civilians were prohibited from carrying and storing weapons
	1325		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Muslim traveler Ibn Battuta made his first pilgrimage

元	1328		Birth of the Hongwu Emperor 洪武帝 / 朱元璋 Zhu Yuanzhang		Hongwu Emperor 洪武帝 - 朱元璋 - 1st Ming Emperor	Birthplace: 凤阳 in 安徽 Anhui Province
	1328		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The end of the First War of Scottish Independence Outcome: Scotland maintained independence from England Numbers: Scotland- up to 20,000 England- up to 100,000

	1331		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Ibn Battuta arrived at Mogadishu (Somalia)

元	1332 1333		Deadly floods caused by Huang He 黄河 The Yellow River

	1347		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Start of the Black Death(Bubonic Plague)

元	1350		黄公望 Huang Gongwang ink-painted 富春山居图 Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains	one of the most admired ink paintings for generations	writer, poet and painter	One of the Four Masters of the Yuan Dynasty 元 Huang Gongwang 黄公望, Wu Zhen 吴镇, Ni Zan 倪瓒, Wang Meng 王蒙

元	1351		Start of the Red Turban Rebellions 红巾军起义 hong jin jun qiyi
元	1351		Start of the reign of Xu Shouhui 徐寿辉 of the Tianwan Regime 天完政权			these were (peasant) uprisings (red scarf army) against the Yuan 元 Dynasty which lasted until 1368
	1351		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The End of the Black Death

元	1352		朱元璋 Zhu Yuanzhang met his mentor 郭子兴 Guo Zixing		A Leader of 红巾军 Red Turban Army in the 江淮地区 Jianghuai region

元	1355		Death of 郭子兴 Guo Zixing		A leader of 红巾军 Red Turban Army in the 江淮地区 Jianghuai region	was instrumental in the rise of 朱元璋 Zhu Yuanzhang - the 1st 明 Ming Emperor

元	1360		Collapse of the Tianwan Regime 天完政权 Xu Shouhui 徐寿辉 was assassinated by Chen Youliang 陈友谅		Chen Youliang 陈友谅 and Xu Shouhui 徐寿辉 - ruler of Tianwan Regime 天完政权
元	1360		Chen Youliang 陈友谅 defeated by Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 in Lu Longshan		Chen Youliang 陈友谅 -founder & first ruler of Da Han/Chen Han Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 - Emperor Hongwu 洪武帝	Chen Youliang 陈友谅 's army strength: 400,000 Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 's army strength: 80,000
元	1360		Birth of Zhu Di 朱棣 the third Ming Emperor		Zhu Di 朱棣 Reign name : Yongle Emperor 永乐

	1368
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World


	1368	Ming	First Emperor: 明太祖朱元璋朱元璋 Zhu Yuanzhang	Founder of Ming dynasty 明代		Era: 年号“洪武” (Hongwu) capital: Nanjing 南京
		明代



明	1368		Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 set up his own banner and was called Emperor		Hongwu Emperor 洪武帝 was the founding Ming 明 Emperor	Ref Video:https://youtu.be/Vu23DU13u_8

明	1368		Xanadu was destroyed Xanadu - 上都 Shangdu
明	1368		大都 Dadu was renamed Beiping Prefecture 北平府	北京 Beijing
	1368		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Start of the reign of Maha Thammaracha II as King of Sukhothai

明	1369		Birth of 解缙 Xie Jin		One of the Three talented scholars of the 明 Ming Dynasty

明	1371		Birth of Zheng He 郑和	云南 Yunnan	Zheng He 郑和 was a famed seafarer, navigator and Admiral
	1371		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Battle of Maritsa in Greece 800 Muslims (Ottomans) against at least 20,000 Christians Victory: Ottomans

明	1377		Birth of 建文帝 Jianwen Emperor		Jianwen Emperor 建文帝 the second Ming 明 Emperor

	1378		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				King Luethai of Sukhothai Kingdom submitted to the Ayutthaya Kingdom

明	1380		Zhenhai Tower 镇海楼 was built			Northern part of the city wall of Guangzhou 广州

明	1381		Ming government commanded its troops to enter and take control of Yunnan	云南 Yunnan		increase in population of 汉 Han people (soldiers, farmers.. moved to 云南 Yunnan) 土官制 Chieftain system abolished; replaced with 流官制 power shift system* * officials selected based on 科举 imperial examinations
	1381		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Peasant's Revolt in England Tower of London was sacked

明	1392		Start of Joseon diplomatic missions to China
	1392		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Joseon dynasty (ended 1910) founded by the Goryeo (918�1392) military commander Yi Seong-gye

明	1398		Death of 明太祖朱元璋 Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang		明太祖朱元璋 Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang was the founding Ming 明 Emperor	End of the 洪武 Hongwu era
明	1398		Start of the reign of Jianwen Emperor 建文帝		Jianwen Emperor 建文帝 the second Ming 明 Emperor

明	1399		Birth of 宣德帝 Xuande Emperor		Xuande Emperor 宣德帝 was the 5th Ming 明 Emperor

明	1402		End of the reign of Jianwen Emperor 建文帝		Overthrown by the Yongle Emperor 永乐
明	1402		Start of the reign of the Emperor Yongle 永乐 / 朱棣 Zhu Di (3rd Emperor of the Ming 明 Dynasty)		Zhu Di 朱棣	Reign name : Yongle Emperor 永乐 commissioned most of the exploratory sea voyages of Zheng He 郑和

明	1403		Construction of Ming Treasure Fleet began treasure boat - 宝船
明	1403		明成祖朱棣 Emperor Chengzu - Zhu Di renamed 北平 Beiping as 北京 Beijing
明	1403		“两京十三布政使司” The "Thirteen Administrative Departments of the Two Capitals" was formed
	1403		Compilation of Yongle Dadian 永乐大典 began	world's earliest and largest known encyclopedia Yongle Encyclopedia

	1404		天津 Tianjin was established			Guards were set up and a city named "Tianjin" was built in Zhigu, literal meaning "the ferry where the emperor passes". The city consisted of two parts, Zuowei and Youwei. (Quoting Brief introduction of Tianjin) 直沽 Zhigu - confluence of today's North and South Canal
	1404		The 药王庙 Yaowang Temple was founded	in 祁州 Qizhou (today 安国 Anguo) 河北 Hebei


明	1405		The 7 Voyages of Zheng He 郑和下西洋		Zheng He 郑和	led seven naval expeditions for Ming Emperor Yongle 永乐 fantastic naval ventures the world had yet seen His first entourage included 62 ships and 27,800 men
明	1405		Zheng He 郑和 and the 明 Ming Treasure Fleet arrived in Melaka (马六甲) (today in 马来西亚Malaysia)

	1406		Construction of the 北京故宫 Imperial Palace (紫禁城 Forbidden Palace) began			see 1420 CE, see 2020 CE
	1406		The medical prescription book 普济方 "Pu Ji Fang" was compiled		presided over by 朱棣 Zhu Di	contained 61739 prescriptions
明	1408		Completion of the compilation of Yongle Dadian 永乐大典	world's earliest and largest known encyclopedia Yongle Encyclopedia

明	1413		The province of Guizhou 贵州 was established

明	1414		Zheng He 郑和 brought giraffes (a gift for Emperor Yongle 永乐 / Zhu Di 朱棣) back to China
	1414		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Earliest recorded British passport (documents known as safe conducts)

明	1415		Death of 解缙 Xie Jin		One of the Three talented scholars 明代三才子 of the 明 Ming Dynasty
	1415		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Portuguese set sail some 200 ships to attack the Muslims on the African coast.

	1417		The 中华门 Zhonghua Gate was first built			See also 1644 CE, 1912 CE, 1959 CE, 1976 CE

	1420		Recorded as the completion year of the 北京故宫 Imperial Palace (紫禁城 Forbidden Palace)			see 1406 C see 2020 CE
明	1420		Construction of the Temple of Heaven 天坛 in Beijing 北京			18th year of reign of the Emperor Yongle 永乐
明	1420		Construction of The Hongyi Pavilion 弘义阁 (The Belvedere of Spreading Righteousness)			it is located on the west side of the square in front of 太和殿 Taihe Hall/Hall of Supreme Harmony facing the East, opposite to the 体仁阁 Tiren Pavilion (Belvedere of Embodying Benevolence)
明	1420		Visit by a large delegation sent by Shah Rukh to 北京 Beijing 紫禁城		ruler of the Timurid Empire 1405-1447
	1420		The Bell Tower of 北京 Beijing 紫禁城 was restored

明	1421		Capital moved from Nanjing 南京 to Beijing 北京

明	1424		Death of Zhu Di 朱棣 / the Yongle Emperor 永乐帝

明	1425		Start of Emperor Xuande's 宣德帝 reign		- the fifth Ming Emperor

明	1426		Birth of 马文升 Ma Wensheng		Minister of War, poet
	1426		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Kale Kye-Taung Nyo, ruler of the Kingdom of Ava, flees his capital

	1427		Birth of 明英宗朱祁镇 Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen		The Sixth Emperor of the Ming Dynasty

明	1428		Birth of 余子俊 Yu Zijun		兵部尚书 - Minister of War

明	1430		Imperial order given by 宣德帝The Xuande Emperor for the 7th and final maritime voyages of Zheng He 郑和

明	1431		The 三清宝殿 Sanqing Palace was built			Location: near the imperial concubine palace.
	1431		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The fall of the Khmer Empire Angkor sacked by armies from Ayutthaya -- Joan of Arc burned at the stake

明	1433 ？		Death of Zheng He 郑和		Zheng He 郑和 was a famed seafarer, navigator & Admiral
明	1433		Return of the fleet of the 7th and final maritime voyages of Zheng He 郑和
	1433		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Tuaregs sacked Timbuktu (in Mali) and then destroyed the Mali Empire

	1435		Death of 宣德帝 The Xuande Emperor		the 5th 明 Ming Emperor
	1435		Start of the reign of 明英宗朱祁镇 Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen		he 6th 明 Ming Emperor


	1450s		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Construction of Machu Picchu

明	1453		Death of 杨翥 Yang Zhu - a 明 Ming official
	1453		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Ottomans captured Byzantine Empire's capital Constantinople

明	1460		Birth of Zhu Zhishan 祝枝山 calligrapher and poet		Four great southern talents (of the Ming) 江南四大才子 Tang Bohu 唐伯虎, Zhu Zhishan 祝枝山, Wen Zhengming 文征明 and Xu Zhenqing 徐祯卿

明	1462		钱溥 Qian Pu , a scholar in the Imperial Academy, was sent to 安南 Annan (today Vietnam) to maintain the suzerain- vassal relationship
	1462		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Battle between forces of Vlad Dracula, Prince of Wallachia, and Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire (Wallachia, Romania)

	1464		Death of 明英宗朱祁镇 Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen		The Sixth Emperor of the Ming Dynasty

明	1470		Birth of Wen Zhengming 文征明 Birth of Tang Bohu 唐伯虎		Four great southern talents (of the Ming) 江南四大才子 Tang Bohu 唐伯虎, Zhu Zhishan 祝枝山, Wen Zhengming 文征明 and Xu Zhenqing 徐祯卿

明	1473		余子俊 Yu Zijun supervised the construction of the Yulin Town Border Wall and its fortress		余子俊 Yu Zijun - Governor of Yansui Town

明	1478		余子俊 Yu Zijun - Minister of War made a declaration - including (but not limited to paying attention to imperial edict and paying attention to local conditions)
	1478		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Establishment of the Spanish Inquisition by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella Estimated number killed 30,000 to 300,000 in the name of religion. Some historians believe that millions died

明	1479		Birth of Xu Zhenqing 徐祯卿		Four great southern talents (of the Ming) 江南四大才子 Tang Bohu 唐伯虎, Zhu Zhishan 祝枝山, Wen Zhengming 文征明 and Xu Zhenqing 徐祯卿

明	1488		Birth of 杨慎 Yang Shen	四川 Sichuan	One of the Three talented scholars 明代三才子 of the 明 Ming Dynasty	杨慎 Yang Shen composed many poems of scenery. He narrated the scenery of Yunnan and described the mountains and rivers.
	1478		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the Cape of Storms

明	1489		Death of 余子俊 Yu Zijun		famous 兵部尚书 - Minister of War

明	1491		Birth of the Zhengde Emperor 正德帝		Zhengde Emperor 正德帝 was the 11th Ming 明 Emperor

	1492		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Christopher Columbus set sail from Spain

明	1494		Birth of painter Qiu Ying 仇英		Qiu Ying 仇英	specialised in the gongbi 工笔 brush technique

	1498		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Vasco da Gama reached Calicut, India

明	1499		Birth of 李舜臣Li Shunchen (Minister of Ming Dynasty)			knowledgeable in Confucian classics poet
	1499		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Curacao was colonized by Spain

明	1501		The strategies and art of shooting & horse riding of 明 Ming battalions and their leaders were reviewed by the Minister of Law 马文升 Ma Wensheng	with other officials including 张懋 Zhang Mao a General	马文升 Ma Wensheng Minister of War, poet
	1501		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci (discoverer of America) sailed near the tip of South America


明	1502		Completion of the Guyuan Garrison 固原镇 Guyuan zhen	one of the Nine Military Garrisons Jiubian 九边 or Jiuzhen 九镇 along The Great Wall		The other garrisons are Liaodong 辽东镇 Xuanfu 宣府镇 Datong 大同镇 Yansui 延绥镇 / Yulin 榆林镇 Ningxia 宁夏镇 Gansu 甘肃镇 Ji 蓟镇 / Jizhou 蓟州镇 Taiyuan 太原镇 / Shanxi 山西镇 / Sanguan 三关镇
	1502		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Vasco da Gama and his Portuguese fleet returned and attacked and destroyed the unfortified city of Calicut, India


	1503		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Spanish shipped African captives from Europe to the Americas

明	1505		Start of the reign of the Zhengde Emperor 正德帝
	1505		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Portuguese attacked Kilwa (off Tanzania) and left many buildings in ruins

明	1507		Birth of the Jiajing Emperor 嘉靖

	1510		Death of 马文升 Ma Wensheng		Minister of War, poet
	1510		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Portueguese conquered Goa (India)

明	1511		Chinese merchants in Melaka / Malacca were killed by the Portuguese in their conquest of the Sultanate			scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the earth	-- The Portuguese conquered Melaka / Malacca -- Spanish begins conquest of Yucatan -- Henry VIII's Mary Rose launched in Portsmouth
明	1511		Birth of 李春芳 Li Chunfang		明 Ming Minister
明	1511		杨慎 Yang Shen was assigned to work in the Imperial Academy		One of the Three talented scholars 明代三才子 of the 明 Ming Dynasty	杨慎 Yang Shen composed many poems of scenery. He narrated the scenery of Yunnan and described the mountains and rivers.
明	1511		Death of Xu Zhenqing 徐祯卿 writer		Four great southern talents (of the Ming) 江南四大才子 Tang Bohu 唐伯虎, Zhu Zhishan 祝枝山, Wen Zhengming 文征明 and Xu Zhenqing 徐祯卿

明	1513		The Portuguese (led by Jorge Alvares) landed near 零丁岛/伶仃岛 Lingding Island
	1513		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Spanish Juan Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida (he named the place Florida - because it was discovered during Pascua Florida / Easter Time

	1515		3 brothers 韩甫金 Han Fujin, 韩甫银 Han Fuyin and 韩甫仓 Han Fucang were commanded to guard the pass from 沿河城 Yanhe City to 爨里口 Cuanlikou			They would later form the 韩氏聚族 Han Clan which would then lead to the Cuandixia Village 爨底下村
	1515		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				- The Portuguese took over Ormuz (in Iran)

明	1517		Portuguese diplomat Fernao Pires de Andrade reached the mouth of the Pearl River 珠江

明	1518		Birth of 李时珍 Li Shizhen		also known as 东璧 Dongbi	writer of 本草纲目 Compendium of Materia Medica
	1518		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the earth				African slaves were shipped to the Americas

明	1519		宸濠之乱 Chen Hao Rebellion Aim: to overthrow 正德皇帝 The Zhengde Emperor	aka 宁王之乱 Prince of Ning Rebellion		Rebel was later punished for treason (but committed suicide)
	1519		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the earth				Hernan Cortes and his conquistadors invaded Mexico

明	1520		Birth of 谭纶 Tan Lun		谭纶 Tan Lun - organized Military strategist Qi Jiguang 戚继光 and other to fight Japanese pirates
	1520		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the earth				A slave with smallpox traveled in a Spanish flotilla from Cuba to Mexico

明	1521		Death and end of the reign of the Zhengde Emperor 正德帝		11th Emperor of the Ming Dynasty
明	1521		Start of the reign of the 嘉靖 Jiajing Emperor		12th Emperor of the Ming Dynasty
明	1521		Battle of Tunmen 屯门		Ming Navel Fleet defeated the Portuguese fleet
明	1521		Birth of 徐渭 Xu Wei One of the Three talented scholars 明代三才子 of the 明 Ming Dynasty		Dramatist, writer, painter and poet Dramatized Hua Mulan 花木兰

明	1523		Death of 唐伯虎 Tang Bohu 唐伯虎		Four great southern talents (of the Ming) 江南四大才子 Tang Bohu 唐伯虎, Zhu Zhishan 祝枝山, Wen Zhengming 文征明 and Xu Zhenqing 徐祯卿

明	1526		Death of 祝枝山 Zhu Zhishan		Four great southern talents (of the Ming) 江南四大才子 Tang Bohu 唐伯虎, Zhu Zhishan 祝枝山, Wen Zhengming 文征明 and Xu Zhenqing 徐祯卿

明	1528		Birth of Qi Jiguang 戚继光		Military strategist Qi Jiguang 戚继光	resisted Japanese pirates

	1530		The 嘉靖 Jiajing Emperor built a separate Altar to the Earth	北京 Beijing		outside the walls - to the north of Beijing Before this, sacrifices to both Heaven and Earth were done in 天坛 Temple of Heaven in Beijing 北京 see 1420 CE

明	1535		Birth of 申时行 Shen Shixing		Minister of Ming Dynasty editor of the Imperial Academy	he topped the palace examination and won the first prize
	1535		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Lima, Peru was founded as a Christian capital of the New World

	1543		Tobacco was introduced to China			via trade with the Philippines and their colonial master, the Spanish
	1543		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- the first contact between Japan and Portugal, and with that the introduction of guns in the archipelago

明	1547		郧山书院 The Yunshan Academy was founded.			It's the predecessor of the 十堰市郧阳中学 Shiyan Yunyang High School in 湖北 Hubei today
明	1547		Death of 孝烈皇后 Empress Xiaolie of the 方氏 Fang family	Empress Consort of the 嘉靖 Jiajing Emperor
	1547		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Ivan IV became the first tsar of Russia -- start of Tsardom in Russia

明	1550		Birth of 汤显祖 Tang Xian Zu		writer of 牡丹亭 The Peony Pavilion	He is considered by many as the greatest poet/playwright of the 明 Ming Dynasty

明	1551		Jesuit Francis Xavier set off from Japan to 上川岛 the island of Shangchuan

明	1552		Death of painter Qiu Ying 仇英		painter
	1552		Death of Jesuit Francis Xavier on 上川岛 the island of Shangchuan while waiting for passage to mainland China	was later made a saint		with the objective to turn Chinese into Christians

明	1555		Birth of Dong Qichang 董其昌		artist (painter, calligrapher) politician	He was to have said: Most artists live a long life because everything they observe is full of life.

明	1556		Shaanxi / Huaxian / Jiajing Great Earthquake			reputed to be the deadliest earthquake ever recorded an estimated death toll of 830,000 - the earthquake affected the Ming Dynasty which was already in a state of decline

明	1557		The Portuguese occupied 澳门 Macau			"gained the right" to set up a formal community

明	1559		Birth of 爱新觉罗努尔哈赤Aisin Gioro Nurhachi / Nurhaci /Emperor 清太祖 Tai Zu		爱新觉罗努尔哈赤 Aisin Gioro Nurhachi founding father of the Manchu Khanate/ Later Jin Dynasty
明	1559		Death of 杨慎Yang Shen		One of the Three talented scholars of the 明Ming Dynasty	杨慎 Yang Shen composed many poems of scenery. He narrated the scenery of Yunnan and described the mountains and rivers.
明	1559		Death of Wen Zhengming 文征明		Calligrapher, painter and poet Four great southern talents (of the Ming) 江南四大才子 Tang Bohu 唐伯虎, Zhu Zhishan 祝枝山, Wen Zhengming 文征明 and Xu Zhenqing 徐祯卿


明	1561		The founding of Tianyi Ge 天一阁	宁波 Ningbo 浙江 Zhejiang	founder: Fan Qin 范钦	this is the oldest existing library in China once it housed up 70,000 books

明	1563		Birth of the 万历帝 Wanli Emperor

明	1565		Death of 胡宗憲 Hu Zongxian		胡宗憲 Hu Zongxian - Minister of War / General of the 明Ming Dynasty
	1565		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Siege of Malta by the Ottomans

明	1567		Death and end of reign of the Jiajing Emperor 嘉靖

明	1568		Birth of Wei Zhongxian 魏忠贤		Wei Zhongxian 魏忠贤 is considered the most powerful and notorious court eunuch in Chinese history

明	1572		The start of the 万历帝 Wanli Emperor's reign			*万历帝 Wanli Emperor's reign*

	1575		Spaniard friar Martin de Rada visited 福建 Fujian	福建 Fujian

明	1577		Death of 谭纶 Tan Lun		谭纶 Tan Lun - organized Military strategist Qi Jiguang 戚继光 and other to fight Japanese pirates


明	1578		The first draft of the 本草纲目 Compendium of Materia Medica was completed		李时珍 Li Shizhen
	1578		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- 14 Jesuits including Matteo Ricci departed from Lisbon, Portugal and headed to 澳门 Macao

	1579		Ruggieri (a Jesuit) reached 澳门 Macau	澳门 Macau

	1580		Ruggieri (a Jesuit) reached Canton / 广州 Guangzhou	广东 Guangdong

明	1582		Matteo Ricci arrived in 澳门 Macau	澳门 Macau	Matteo Ricci - Italian Jesuit Missionary
	1582		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Siege of Takamatsu

明	1583		Two Italian Jesuits set off from 澳门 Macao up the 珠江 Pearl River and later settled in 肇庆 Zhaoqing	广东 Guangdong	Michele Ruggieri and Matteo Ricci	at the palace of the Prefect of 肇庆 Zhaoqing, the Jesuits declared that they came to witness the famed good government of China (real objective to convert Chinese)
	1583		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Cuncolim Massacre in India

明	1587		Birth of 徐霞客 Xu Xiake	江苏 Jiangsu	Geographer, traveller, writer
明	1587		The St. Dominic's Church in 澳门 Macao was established			founded by three Spanish Dominican priests from Mexico
	1587		Ruggieri (a Jesuit) returned to 澳门 Macau from 广东 Guangdong	澳门 Macau

明	1588		Death of Qi Jiguang 戚继光

	1589		Jesuits were expelled from 肇庆 Zhaoqing	广东 Guangdong

明	1590		Completion of the 本草纲目 Compendium of Materia Medica by 李时珍 Li Shizhen		李时珍 Li Shizhen

明	1592		Birth of 爱新觉罗皇太极 Abahai Huangtaiji		second Khan of the 后金 Later Jin Dynasty, the founding emperor of the 清 Qing Dynasty; outstanding strategist & statesman	8th son of 爱新觉罗努尔哈赤 Aisin Gioro Nurhachi
明	1592		Birth of Wang Shimin 王时敏		one of the famed Four Wangs 四王 landscape painters	Wang Shimin 王时敏 painted "Snow Over Rivers and Mountains"

明	1592		Birth of 杨应龙 Yang Yinglong		rebel in the Battle of Bozhou/ Bozhou Rebellion 播州之战

明	1593		Death of 李时珍 Li Shizhen		aka 東璧 Dongbi	本草纲目 Compendium of Materia Medica
明	1593		Birth of 担当 DanDang		Zen master painter	reputed for his poetry, calligraphy and paintings renowned for his devotion and patriotism
明	1593		Death of Xu Wei 徐渭		Dramatist, writer, painter & poet Dramatized Hua Mulan 花木兰	One of the Three talented scholars 明代三才子 of the 明 Ming Dynasty

	1595		The Jesuit Matteo Ricci reached 南京 Nanjing	江苏 Jiangsu
	1595		Matteo Ricci settled in 南昌 Nanchang	江西 Jiangxi

明	1597		Birth of Zhang Zilie 张自烈		scholar, author of Zhengzitong 正字通	Chinese character Dictionary

明	1598		The play 牡丹亭The Peony Pavilion was written		汤显祖 Tang Xianzu
	1598		Matteo Ricci reached 通州 Tongzhou
	1598		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- The Dutch landed on Mauritius and later colonized it in 1638 CE

明	1599		Birth of 陈洪绶 Chen Hongshou		书画家诗人 calligrapher, painter, poet
明	1599		杨应龙 Yang Yinglong started a rebellion in Buzhou 播州			Buzhou 播州 - present day Zunyi 遵义 in Guizhou 贵州

明	1600		Battle of Buzhou 播州之战		Armies of 秦良玉 Qin Liangyu and her husband Ma Qiancheng stopped the rebellion
	1600		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- The British formed the East India Company

明	1601		Matteo Ricci was given permission to enter Beijing		Matteo Ricci - Italian Jesuit Missionary	became adviser to the imperial court of the Wanli Emperor
明	1601		The first of 5 attempts by the Dutch to invade Macao 澳门

	1606
	1606		Birth of 张献忠 Zhang Xianzhong		leader of peasant uprising in late 明 Ming Dynasty and founder of the 大西政权 Daxi regime
明	1606		Birth of 李自成 Li Zicheng		leader of peasant uprising in late 明 Ming Dynasty
	1606		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- 3 ships (The Susan Constant, the Godspeed and the Discovery) set sail from England to Virginia (the US)

	1607		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- the 3 English ships arrived in Chesapeake Bay First Virginia Charter and Jamestown established

	1608		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- The first Anglo-Powhattan War in Virginia (white settlers vs Algonquin Indians) -- The British gained foothold in Surat (west coast of India)

明	1611		Birth of the Chongzhen Emperor 崇禎		the Chongzhen Emperor 崇禎 - 17th and last 明 Ming Emperor

明	1613		Birth of Gu Yanwu 顾炎武		Philosopher, linguist, historian crucial role in phonology author of Record of Daily Study 日知录
	1613		徐霞客 Xu Xiake started writing his travel books

明	1614		Death of 申时行 Shen Shixing		Minister of Ming Dynasty editor of the Imperial Academy

明	1615		Dictionary of "collection of characters" 字彙 was published		Compiler: Mei Yingzuo 梅膺祚

明后金	1616		Start of 后金 Later Jin Dynasty			后金 Later Jin Dynasty was a Manchu kingdom or khanate that turned into 清朝 Qing Dynasty in 1644CE
	1616		Start of the reign of Nurhaci 努尔哈赤		爱新觉罗努尔哈赤 Aisin Gioro Nurhachi
明	1616		Death of 汤显祖 Tang Xianzu		Writer of 牡丹亭 The Peony Pavilion
	1616		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				- Galileo warned not to support/advocate that the Earth orbits around the Sun

明	1618		Birth of Wu Jiajing 吴嘉经		Poet of the Qing

明	1620		Death and end of the 万历帝 Wanli Emperor's reign
明	1620		Start of the reign of 朱由校 (明熹宗) Zhu Youxiao (emperor Xizong of Ming Dynasty)
明	1620		The Jesuit priest Nicolas Trigault arrived in 澳门 Macao with thousands of books in various languages
	1620		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- Mayflower sailed from England to Virginia (today US)

明	1622		Battle of Macau between the Portuguese and the Dutch 葡荷澳门战役
明	1622		Having lost in Macau 澳门, the Dutch colonialists occupied Penghu 澎湖			Penghu 澎湖 is an island located off the coast of Fujian 福建
	1622		Construction of a place of worship first started at Igreja da Sé	澳门 Macau
	1622		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- Indian Massacre / Jamestown Massacre (>300 people killed)

明	1623		Birth of 朱由榔 Zhu Youlang / 永历帝 Emperor Yongli
明	1623		Birth of Late Ming/Early Qing Dynasty painter 梅清 Meiqing			reputed to be one the great painters of 黄山画派 the Huangshan School of painting

明	1624		The Ming 明 Army attacked the Dutch on Penghu 澎湖 who fled to Anping 安平區 on the island of Taiwan 台湾			Today, Anping 安平區 is a district of Tainan 臺南市, on the southern part of Taiwan 台湾.

明	1625		Construction of the 沈阳故宫Shenyang Imperial Palace aka The Mukden Palace

明	1626		The Hongyi Pavilion 弘义阁 was re- constructed			It was first built in 1420CE located on the west side of the square in front of 太和殿 Taihe Hall, (Hall of Supreme Harmony) facing the East, opposite to the 体仁阁 Tiren Pavilion
明	1626		王恭厂大爆炸 (明末灾害) Wang Gong factory explosion
明	1626		Death and end of reign of Nurhaci 努尔哈赤		爱新觉罗努尔哈赤 Aisin Gioro Nurhachi
明	1626		Start of the reign of 爱新觉罗皇太极 Abahai (Huangtaiji) as 2nd Khan of the 后金 Later Jin		爱新觉罗皇太极 Aisin Gioro Hong Taiji

				Secret Art of War: The 36 Stratagems
	1626		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				letter re: purchase of Manhattan Island from the Lenape Indians for 60 guilders

明	1627		Start of the reign of the Chongzhen Emperor 崇禎
明	1627		Birth of Wei Zhongxian 魏忠贤		Wei Zhongxian 魏忠贤 is considered the most powerful and notorious court eunuch in Chinese history
明	1627		Zhengzitong 正字通 Chinese character dictionary was published		Zhang Zilie 张自烈

明	1629		A 50-meter-long suspension bridge was built across the 北盘江 Beipanjiang / Beipan River	贵州 Guizhou	the bridge was 10 meters above the river
	1629		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				~ 350 English Puritans on six ships, led by Francis Higginson, left for Salem, USA


明	1630		German Jesuit 汤若望 Johann Adam Schall von Bell started his base/mission in 北京 Beijing

明	1632		Birth of Wang Hui 王翚		famous landscape painter
	1632		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- The start of the construction of the Taj Mahal 泰姬玛哈陵

明	1633		A plague epidemic struck 山西 Shanxi

明	1634		Birth of 高简Gao Jian		Painter of Painting of Bamboo & Rock - ink on paper

明	1636		Start of the reign of 爱新觉罗皇太极Abahai Huangtaiji as the first emperor of the 清朝 Qing Dynasty		爱新觉罗皇太极 Aisin Gioro Hong Taiji
明	1636		Completion of the 沈阳故宫 Shenyang Imperial Palace aka The Mukden Palace by Abahai (Huangtaiji)
明	1636		Death of Dong Qichang 董其昌		artist, politician

明	1637		天工开物 was published		宋应星 Song Yingxing

明	1638		Birth of Shunzhi Emperor 顺治
明	1638		徐霞客 Xu Xiake visited Yunnan

	1639		张献忠 Zhang Xianzhong rebelled in 谷城 Gucheng and occupied the city	湖北 Hubei
	1639		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- The British acquired Madras (now Chennai)

	1640
明	1640		Completion of the religious complex incl. the Church of St Paul and St. Paul's college	澳门 Macao

	1641
明	1641		The Great Plague that started in 山西 Shanxi reached 北京 Beijing			the plague started in 山西 Shanxi in 1633 CE; some historians attribute the fall of 明 Ming to the plague
明	1641		The 吴江 Wujiang area was hit by a severe drought and swarms of locusts	江苏 Jiangsu
明	1641		Death of 徐霞客 Xu Xiake		Geographer, traveller, writer
	1641		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- The Battle of Malacca and the start of Dutch rule of Malacca for 183 years -- The Dutch attempted to establish a monopoly of the tin trade in 霹雳 Perak (a state in today's Malaysia) but failed
	1642
明	1642		Birth of 清代 Qing Dynasty painter 石涛 Shitao		reputed to be one the great painters of 黄山画派 the Huangshan School of painting
	1642		Birth of 王原祁 Wang Yuanqi		landscape printer and painting appraiser
	1642		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- Start of English Civil War
							-- The Night Watch Painting by Rembrandt
明	1643		Death of 爱新觉罗皇太极 Abahai Huangtaiji		2nd Khan of 后金 Later Jin Dynasty and the founding / first emperor of the 清朝 Qing Dynasty
	1643		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				The start of Louis XIV / Louis the Great / The Sun King reign of France

明	1644		The end of the reign and death of the Chongzhen Emperor 崇禎
明	1643/ 1644		Start of 清 Qing Dynasty	Manchu warriors crossed the Great Wall Start of 南明 Southern Ming


	------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Year	Dynasty	Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World

	1644	Qing				Shunzhi Emperor 顺治 's reign (Shunzhi Emperor 顺治 is sometime known as "The First Emperor of Beijing"
		清代	Manchu Dynasty founded by the Aisin Gioro clan 爱新觉罗		Manchus 满族 - semi nomadic people in northeastern China	Some describe the later part of this dynasty as semi-colonial and semi-feudal In China today, the Manchus 满族 represent one of the 56 ethnic groups China, Ethnic Groups 名族 Aisin Gioro Xuanye

	1644		The 中华门 Zhonghua Gate was renamed 大清门 Daqingmen / Daqing Gate			See also 1417 CE, 1912 CE, 1959 CE, 1976 CE


清	1645		The main halls of the Forbidden City are given names
清	1645		Death of 李自成 Li Zicheng		leader of peasant uprising in late 明 Ming Dynasty

清	1646		Start of the reign of 永历帝 Emperor Yongli / 朱由榔 Zhu Youlang - 南明 Southern Ming		last emperor of the 南明 Southern Ming Dynasty	During his reign, 昆明 Kunming was made capital of the 南明 Southern Ming

	1647
	1647		Death of 张献忠 Zhang Xianzhong		leader of peasant uprising in late 明 Ming Dynasty and founder of the 大西政权 Daxi regime

	1649		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Execution of King Charles I of England


清	1650		郑成功 Zheng Chenggong set up a base 厦门 Xiamen, 福建 Fujian.			It was an anti-Qing base.
	1650		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Chandni Chowk (Moonlight Square) was created by Jahanara Begum daughter of Emperor Shah Jahan

	1653		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Completion of the construction of the Taj Mahal

清	1652		Death of 陈洪绶 Chen Hongshou		书画家诗人 calligrapher, painter, poet


清	1654		Birth of Emperor 康熙 Kangxi	reigned for 61 years		longest-reigning emperor in China grandfather to Emperor 乾隆 Qianlong
	1654		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				French mathematician Blaise Pascal challenged by Chevalier de Mere to solve a puzzle -- this would eventually lead to the theory of probability - mathematical core to the concept of risk

清	1657		The Confucian Temple in the northeast Inner City of Beijing was rebuilt

清	1661		郑成功 Zheng Chenggong led 25000 people from 金门 Kinmen to 澎湖 Penghu
清	1661		朱由榔 Zhu Youlang / 永历帝 Emperor Yongli of 南明 Southern Ming was forced to 云南 Yunnan and he then fled to Burma (today Myanmar)
清	1661		End of the Shunzhi Emperor 顺治 's reign
	1661		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- King Louis XIV starts construction of Versailles -- The Portuguese ceded Bombay to the British as part of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza when she married Charles II

清	1662		Start of Kangxi 康熙 Emperor's reign	康乾盛世 The Golden Age of Qing Dynasty 清朝 from 康熙 Kangxi to 乾隆 Qianlong		Kangxi 康熙 Emperor's reign
清	1662		The Dutch colonialists were driven out of the island of Taiwan 台湾 by troops led by 郑成功 Zheng Chenggong			The colonialist Dutch Governor Frederik Coyett surrendered Fort Zeelandia to 郑成功 Zheng Chenggong (郑成功 Zheng Chenggong launched his attack from XIamen 厦门)
清	1662		Death, and end of the reign, of 永历帝 Emperor Yongli of 南明 Southern Ming (朱由榔 Zhu Youlang)			He was executed.
清	1662		End of 南明 Southern Ming
清	1662		吴三桂 Wu Sangui was accorded the title of 平西王 Pingxi Wang ("King Who Pacifies the West")			He made himself "King of Yunnan"
	1662		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Saint Mary Church was built in Shiraz, Iran

清	1664		German Jesuit 汤若望 Johann Adam Schall von Bell (who was based in 北京 Beijing from 1630CE until his death in 1666CE) was questioned by the 清 Qing Court
	1664		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The English took over New Amsterdam from the Dutch and renamed it New York City after the Duke of York

	1665		A strong earthquake shook 北京 Beijing	4th year of Emperor 康熙 Kangxi's rule
	1665		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Great Plague in London

	1666		The first 孔庙 Confucian Temple was completed in 台湾 Taiwan
	1666		Death of German Jesuit 汤若望 Johann Adam Schall von Bell who was based in 北京 Beijing
	1666		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Great Fire of London

	1667		The province of 安徽 Anhui was set up

	1668
	1668		Wang Shimin 王时敏 painted "Snow Over Rivers and Mountains"
	1668		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				--

	1669		The Kangxi 康熙 Emperor moved his residence from the 保和殿 Baohe Dian (The Hall of Preserving Harmony) to the 乾清宫 Qianqing Palace (Palace of Heavenly Purity)	北京 Beijing		故宫 / 紫禁城
	1669		同仁堂 Tong Ren Tang - producer of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) - was founded
	1669		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Eruption of Mount Etna (island of Sicily) -- Scientist Hennig Brandt boiled down about 1,200 gallons of urine over 2 weeks looking for gold. He discovered phosphorus instead.
	1671		The 1st 土楼妈祖文化节 Tulou Mazu Cultural Festival was held in 南靖县 Nanjing County	福建 Fujian
	1671		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Robert Boyle produced hydrogen gas

	1673		Start of 三藩之乱 Revolt of the Three Feudatories			平西王 -吴三桂 Wu Sangui, King of Pingxi 平南王-尚可喜 Shang Kexi, King of Pingnan 靖南王-耿精忠 Geng Jingzhong, King of Jingnan
	1673		Death of 担当 Dandang		Zen master painter	reputed for his poetry, calligraphy and paintings renowned for his devotion and patriotism
	1673		Death of Zhang Zilie 张自烈		scholar, author of Zhengzitong 正字通

	1675		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Royal Observatory, Greenwich was founded. Construction started

	1676		The 清 Qing army entered the 仙霞关 Xianxia pass 福建关隘	福建 Fujian		Passes are military facilities set up along major routes
	1676		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek introduced the world of microorganisms to the world

	1678		Birth of Yongzheng 雍正		the fourth son of Emperor of Kangxi 康熙

	1680		Death of Wang Shimin 王时敏		one of the famed Four Wangs 四王 landscape painters	Wang Shimin 王时敏 painted "Snow Over Rivers and Mountains"

	1681		End of 三藩之乱 Revolt of the Three Feudatories			平西王-吴三桂 Wu Sangui, King of Pingxi 平南王-尚可喜 Shang Kexi, King of Pingnan 靖南王-耿精忠 Geng Jingzhong, King of Jingnan

	1682		石涛 Shitao gifted 梅清 Meiqing 荷花图 A Painting of the Lotus Flower		both painters are giants of 黄山画派 the Huangshan of painting
	1682		Death of 顾炎武 Gu Yanwu		philosopher, linguist, historian
	1682		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Peter I started his reign as the Tsar of Russia Many know him as Peter the Great

	1689		Treaty of Nerchinsk		Emperor Kangxi 康熙 negotiated with the Russian	Treaty to stop the eastward expansion of the Russians Outposts at Amur River (Heilongjiang 黑龙江) basin removed
	1689		Emperor Kangxi 康熙 tour of the southern region			See 1751 CE
	1689		Construction of the 宁寿宫（The Palace of Tranquil Longevity）			see also 1771 CE

	1689		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The English Bill of Right

	1690		Kangxi 康熙 Emperor set up a summer retreat northwest of Beijing	北京 Beijing		This garden would become 长春园 Changchunyuan (Garden of Joyful Springtime) and then a section of 圆明园 Yuanmingyuan (Garden of Perfect Brightness) see also 1724 CE)

	1693		Birth of 郑板桥 Zheng Banqiao		painter, calligrapher, writer work: Orchids on Rocks, Bamboos amid Rocks	also known as 郑燮 Zheng Xie from Jiangsu 江苏 humans should understand the will of Heaven
	1693		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Sicily earthquake

	1694		Construction of Prince Yongzheng's 雍正 princely palace / residence			The building was later converted to a lamasery when Yongzheng 雍正 became Emperor Today it is known as 雍和宫 the Yonghe Temple / Yonghe gong
	1694		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Johann Bernoulli discovered a calculus rule which he sold to l'Hopital. The buyer named the theorem he purchased "l'Hopital Rule" and put it the calculus book he wrote in 1696 (the name stuck till today).

	1695		Reconstruction of the Taihe Hall 太和殿 The Hall of Supreme Harmony

	1695 / 1696		The 古文观止 (a collection of some of the finest ancient prose) was published

	1696		All rebellions were crushed

	1697		Death of 明末清初Late Ming / Early Qing Dynasty painter 梅清 Meiqing			reputed to be one the great painters of 黄山画派 the Huangshan School of painting

	1698		Reconstruction of the 卢沟桥 Lugou Bridge			First built (1189CE-1192CE) 宋 Song Dynasty
	1698		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Jesuit missionary Joseph Henri Marie de Pr�mare departed for China

	1703		The Summer Retreat in 热河 Rehe (today 承德 Chengde) was built	河北 Hebei		A Xizang Tibetan Potala Palace (built during the 唐 Tang Dynasty) replica
	1703		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- St. Petersburg was founded -- A great storm struck southern England

	1707		Construction of the (Old) Summer Palace Yuanmingyuan 圆明园		Emperor Kangxi 康熙帝 gifted it to his fourth son, Yingzhen 雍正

	1707		Death of 高简 Gao Jian		Painter of Painting of Bamboo & Rock - ink on paper
	1707		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Eruption of Mt. Fuji in Japan

	1708		Death of 清代 Qing Dynasty painter 石涛 Shitao		reputed to be one the great painters of 黄山画派 the Huangshan School of painting

	1710		Compilation of the Kangxi Dictionary 康熙字典
	1710		Painting: 瞻亭景观 Landscape for Zhanting		王原祁 Wang Yuanqi
	1710		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				- The British Parliament announced the official completion of the reconstruction of St Paul's Cathedral (which was burnt down during the Great Fire of London 1666)

	1711
	1711		Birth of 乾隆 Qianlong		Emperor	Has been described as a child prodigy
	1711		Birth of 孙髯 Sun Ran	山西 Shanxi	scholar, poet	"a civilian among the plum blossoms"
	1711		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world
							- Start of the Tuscarora War in North America (Part of the American Indian Wars)
	1712
	1712		康熙 Kangxi had rejected previously chosen heir [refused to name a replacement]
	1712		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				- Battle of Denian in France

	1713
	1713		The 60th birthday of 康熙 Kangxi was celebrated with, among others, a grand procession
	1715
	1715		Death of 王原祁 Wang Yuanqi		landscape printer and painting appraiser
	1715		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				- End of the Tuscarora War in North America (Part of the American Indian Wars) - Mauritius was occupied by France and renamed "Ile de France"

	1716
	1716		Completion of 康熙字典 the Kangxi Dictionary
	1716		Birth of 袁枚 Yuan Mei	浙江 Zhejiang	gourmet, writer and literary critic
	1716		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Blackbeard (Edward Teach) - privateer started his piracy activities

	1717
	1717		Death of 王翚 Wang Hui		Landscape painter

	1718
	1718		A map of the empire was produced with the help of the Jesuits

	1720
	1720		Merchants in 广州 Guangzhou formed the 公行 gonghang / cohong - a guild that operated the import-export trade	广州 Guangzhou		广州 Guangzhou was also known as Canton then
	1720		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				In Russia, Yefim Nikonov built the first military submarine

	1722		End of Kangxi 康熙 Emperor's reign Start of Emperor Yongzheng 雍正 reign		Yongzheng 雍正 student of art & Zen Buddhism	Emperor Yongzheng 雍正 reign
	1722

	1723		Yongzheng's 雍正 princely palace was converted to Yonghe Palace / 雍和宫 Yonghe gong	北京 Beijing

	1724		Expansion of the 圆明园 Yuanmingyuan (Old Summer Palace) began	北京 Beijing

	1726		A temple to the City God was built (northwest of 紫禁城)	北京 Beijing

	1728		Completion of The Imperial Encyclopedia Gujin Tushu Jicheng 古今图书集成			work begun in the early 1700s under Kangxi Emperor

	1730		Earthquake in 京师 (today 北京 Beijing)	北京 Beijing
	1730		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- Abraham de Moivre brought forward the structure of normal distribution (bell curve) and the concept of standard deviation -- the French failed in transplanting the cinchona from Peru

	1735
	1735		Death of and the end of Yongzheng 雍正 Emperor's reign

	1735		Start of Qianlong 乾隆 Emperor's reign			Qianlong 乾隆 Emperor's reign good at both literary and martial arts/military skills loved calligraphy, painting, porcelain
	1735		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Carl Linnaeus published "System of Nature"

	1738
	1738		Major earthquake in 银川 Yinchuan, 平罗 Pingluo	宁夏 Ningxia
	1738		Birth of 罗芳伯 Luo Fangbo		Founder of the (公司 kongsi) Lanfang Republic 兰芳大统制共和国
	1738		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				- Bernoulli's principle was published

	1742
	1742		The Palace of Established Happiness / Jianfu Palace was built			See 1802 CE, 1923 CE

	1745
	1745		The estimated year the 长春园 Changchun Garden was built			located on the east side of the Old Summer Palace (aka The Garden of Joyful Springtime)
	1745		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				- a plot by about 900 slaves to seize control from the ruling white colonial masters in Jamaica was foiled

	1746
	1746		Birth of 洪亮吉 Hong Liangji		minister and writer

	1750
	1750		Map of Beijing (Qianlong Map) produced with the help of the Jesuits
	1750		Construction of the Summer Palace 圆明园 in Beijing 北京			See also 1860 and 1886
	1750		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- Treaty of Madrid (Spain and Portugal agreed about how they should have territorial rights in South America

	1751
	1751		Emperor Qianlong 乾隆 visited the South including 南京 Nanjing and 苏州 Suzhou			苏州 Suzhou was the cultural capital at that time
	1751		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				George Washington became very sick with the smallpox viral infection but survived it to become the first President of the United States of America

	1752
	1752		Birth of 铁保 Tie Bao		Minister and famous calligrapher

	1753
	1753		The Chinese 茶 plant was given the name Thea sinensis.L in the West. (Later it was renamed Camellia sinensis L.)			"sinensis" is the Latin word for: of/from China The scientific name of the 茶 plant today: Camellia sinensis
	1753		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world

	1755
	1755 - 1757		China - under Emperor Qianlong 乾隆 defeated the Western Mongols

	1756
	1756		Emperor 乾隆 Qianlong engaged the help of Jesuits in the mapping of 新疆 Xinjiang, the western part of the empire			Kangxi Atlas
	1756		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Start of the "Seven Years' War" which historians describe as "a struggle for global primacy between Britain and France"


	1757
	1757		Construction of the 五亭桥 Wuting Bridge	扬州市 Yangzhou City 江苏 Jiangsu Province

	1759
	1759		Emperor Qianlong 乾隆 ordered further mapping work of western China to be carried out by the Jesuits	新疆 Xinjiang
	1759		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				British forces captured Fort Niagara from the French (Seven Year's War)

	1762		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- Start of the reign of Catherine II in Russia


	1763
	1763		Construction of the city of Dihua 迪化 (Urumqi in Xinjiang 新疆 ) began			This is the 38th year Emperor Qianlong's 乾隆 reign
	1763		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Treaty of Paris; End of French and Indian War End of New France

	1765
	1765		Death of Zheng Banqiao 郑板桥

	1766
	1766		Death of 皇后乌拉纳喇 Empress Ulanara / Wulanala		wife and second empress consort of Emperor 乾隆 Qianlong	She was from the 烏拉 Wula / Ula Nara clan (royal Manchu clan)
	1766		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Discovery of hydrogen and recognition that water was composed of hydrogen and oxygen (Henry Cavendish)

	1767
	1767		Construction of the city of Dihua 迪化 (Urumqi in Xinjiang 新疆 ) completed
	1767		Painting: Snow scene of Forbidden City

	1768


	1768		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- Start of Captain Cook's first voyage

	1771
	1771 - 1772		Rennovation / Enlargement of the 宁寿宫 (The Palace of Tranquil Longevity)			Seee also 1689 CE


	1773
	1773		First shipment of Indian opium arrived in the port of Canton / 广州 Guangzhou	广东 Guangdong
	1773		Death of John Bradby Blake	广东 Guangdong	"plant hunter" who studied native plants of China
	1773		Death of 孙髯 Sun Ran		scholar, poet	"a civilian among the plum blossoms"
	1773		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				- Boston Tea Party - in the US - Warren Hastings appointed Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal)

	1776
	1776		金川 Jinchuan became part of Emperor 乾隆 Qianlong's 清 Qing Dynasty	金川 Jinchuan in 四川 Sichuan
	1776		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				- The revolution that led to the US declaring independence from Britain - The publication of "The Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith


	1778
	1778		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Richard Garrett & Sons established - trolley buses, steam engines, agriculture equipment

	1779
	1779		Panchen Lama Erdeni Badan Yixi set out from his monastery in 日喀则 Rikaze / Shigatse, Tibet to 河北承德避暑山庄 Chengde Mountain Resort in Hebei	河北 Hebei 西藏 Xizang Tibet
	1779		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Native Hawaiians killed Captain James Cook

	1782
	1782		The first draft of 四库全书 Siku Quanshu was completed			collection of books complied during 清 Qing Dynasty
	1782		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				- The American bald eagle was adopted in the Seal of the United States

	1783
	1783		Reconstruction of 体仁阁 Tiren Pavilion in the Imperial Palace			It was first built in in 1420CE during the Ming 明 Dynasty. It is located in the east of the square in front of Taihe hall 太和殿 The Hall of Supreme Harmony and faces the West.

	1785
	1785		Birth of 林则徐 Lin Zexu		aka "Commissioner Lin" / Superintendent Lin - mandate from Emperor to stop imports of opium from Westerners - actions deemed "casus belli" by the British

	1786
	1786		Birth of 陈奂 Huan Chen		Qing scholar and bibliophile
	1786		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Captain Francis Light landed in Penang and renamed it Prince of Wales Island

	1787
	1787		Birth of 爱新觉罗·耆英 / 耆英 Qiying		Qing official / minister and negotiator	participated in the negotiations for the 南京条约 Treaty of Nanking and the Arrow War / Second Opium War
	1787		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				The Constitution of the United States was written

	1788
	1788		Death of 李侍尧 Li Shiyao	Minister during the 乾隆 Emperor Qianlong's reign
	1788		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- First fleet of convicts arrived in Australia and thus began the colonization of the island -- The British occupied the Andaman Islands

	1789
	1789		福康安 Fu Kang An was appointed Governor of 两广 liǎngguǎng - Guangdong and Guangxi	两广 liǎngguǎng - 广东 Guangdong & 广西 Guangxi
	1789		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- The US Constitution went into effect

	1790
	1790		Celebration of 乾隆帝 Emperor Qianlong's 80th birthday which included, among others, a procession
	1790		Death of 爱新觉罗永瑢 Aixinjueluo Yongrong		The sixth son of 乾隆帝 Emperor Qianlong (who ruled until 1796)
	1790		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Congress in the US declared Washington in the District of Columbia, the capital

	1791
	1791		Publication of the famous novel 红楼梦 "Dream of the Red Chamber"		Author: 曹雪芹 Cao Xueqin	first completed edition
	1791		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- The US Bill of Rights ratified --> became law -- The Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Germany (construction started in 1788) was opened
	1793
	1793		The Macartney mission arrived in 北京 Beijing		Lord Macartney - Britain's first ambassador to China
	1793		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- Yellow Fever epidemic in Philadelphia, the US 5000 or more people died -- Execution of Louis XVI, last King of France

	1795		Death of 罗芳伯 Luo Fangbo		Founder of the (公司 kongsi) Lanfang Republic 兰芳大统制共和国
	1795		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- William Prince of Orange temporarily transferred Dutch colonial possessions to the British

	1796		End of 乾隆 Emperor Qianlong's reign
	1796		嘉庆皇帝 The Jiaqing Emperor ascended the throne
	1796		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Edward Jenner (a doctor) inoculated a 8-year-old boy against smallpox


	1797
	1797		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- John Adams became the 2nd US President -- Battle of Parramatta between Australian Aboriginal people and British invaders
	1798
	1798		A major storm was recorded			trees uprooted, roofs blown away, boats overturned and many deaths
	1798		Death of of 袁枚 Yuan Mei		gourmet, writer and literary critic
	1798		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The French invaded Alexandria and proceeded towards Cairo


	1799
	1799		乾隆 Emperor Qianlong passed away


	1800
	1800		Birth of 刘善邦 Liu Shan Bang	陆丰市 Lufeng 广东 Guangdong	leader of the Chinese war / revolt against the White Rajah James Brooke in Sarawak Malaysia See 1857 CE
	1800		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Napoleon and his French army of 40,000 crossed the Alps

	1802
	1802		The Palace of Established Happiness / Jianfu Palace was re-built			See 1742 CE, 1923 CE

	1809
	1809		Death of 洪亮吉 Hong Liangji		minister and writer
	1809		Death of 凌廷堪 Ling Tingkan		scholar
	1809		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Pyotr Frolov built the first horse drawb railway in Russia


	1810
	1810		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Francis Cabot Lowell traveled from the US to England "borrowed"/"learnt" the plans of the power looms, went back to the US, worked with Paul Moody (engineer) to create the first power loom there

	1812
	1812		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The War of 1812 - the US fought Britain because of Britain's trade restrictions and for territorial expansion

	1814
	1814		Birth of 洪秀全 Hong Xiuquan		important leader of the Taiping Rebellion 太平天国起义	young scholar from 广东 Guangdong
	1814		The 清 Qing government approved the setting of mining plants by 粤商 Cantonese / Guangdong businessmen			粤商 Cantonese / Guangdong businessmen have historically been important to the economy of China
	1814		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Start of the Anglo-Nepalese War (ended 1816)


	1815
	1815		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The Defeat of Napolean Bonaparte -- April 10, 1815 - largest volcanic event in recorded history the eruption of Mount Tambora on the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia -- William I became King of the Netherlands

	1816
	1816		The 嘉庆皇帝 Jiaqing Emperor ordered the British to return to their country
	1816		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The stethoscope was invented in France by Rene Laennec

	1817
	1817		Some historians put this year as the one Napoleon Bonaparte referred to China as "the sleeping lion"
	1817		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Chlorophyll (the pigment essential for photosynthesis) was first isolated

	1820
	1820		Birth of 丁宝桢 Ding Baozhen		provincial mayor and creator of 宫保鸡丁 Kung Pao Chicken
	1820		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The statue of Venus de Milo was discovered on the Island of Milos (part of the Ottoman Empire). The statue is now on display in France. -- General Treaty with the Arab Tribes of the Persian Gulf
	1823
	1823		Birth of 李鸿章 Li Hongzhang	安徽 Anhui	politican, general & diplomat led Chinese forces during the First Sino-Japanese War (1894 CE-1895 CE)

	1824
	1824		Death of 铁保 Tie Bao		Minister and famous calligrapher
	1824		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				--The British subdued Burma (today Myanmar) after many hard fought battles -- The British took possession of Melaka (in today Malaysia)

	1825
	1825		A Chinese opera troupe visiting Phuket, Thialand contracted an illness of which they were cured of by prayers and by adhering to an "abstinence from meat" diet		The prayers were offered to the 玉皇大帝 Jade Emperor God and the 九皇大帝 Nine Emperor Gods for nine days and nine nights. This tradition lived on and yearly in September / October, many Phuket residents (especially those of Chinese origin) go vegan.

	1830
	1830		The 清 Qing army drove Yusuf Khoja and the invading Khoqandian army out of 新疆 Xinjiang back to Khoqand (Khanate)
	1830		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- First (modern) passenger railway Liverpool - Manchester was opened

	1831
	1831		Birth of the 咸丰帝 Xianfeng Emperor


	1832
	1832		The 清 Qing court entered into an agreement with Khoqand normalizing the relationship between the empire and the khanate
	1832		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Outbreak of cholera in New York and bodies piled up in the streets


	1833
	1833		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- (Modern) Greece became a nation state

	1835
	1835		Birth of 慈禧太后 Empress Dowager Ci Xi
	1835		Construction of the 主教公署 The Bishop's House (formally known as the Bishop's Residence)	澳门 Macau
	1835		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Charles Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands

	1837
	1837		洪秀全 Hong Xiuquan failed the Imperial Examination for the 3rd time			resulting in frustration and nervous breakdown --> believed that he was the brother of Jesus Christ and he became a rebel leader
	1837		Birth of 张之洞 Zhang Zhidong	贵州 Guizhou	One of the “晚清中兴四大名臣” "Four Famous Ministers of the Late Qing Dynasty's Zhongxing"
	1837		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- German mathematician Peter Dirichlet came up with the modern definition of functions - ubiquitous in math / important for scientific relationships -- In Russia, the Tsarskoselskii Railway was opened

	1838
	1838		The 道光帝 Daoguang Emperor banned the smoking of opium			Opium was seized, traffickers were punished / executed. The US Consul protested. American and British traffickers and gansters stormed execution grounds and destroyed the gallows
	1838		林则徐 Lin Zexu was appointed as an imperial envoy in charge of the Guangdong navy to stop / control the opium trade	广东 Guangdong

	1839
	1839		Start of the first 鸦片战争 Opium War Start of 近代 Modern Times			the British Empire went to war to defend its lucrative Opium trade resulting in the forced importation of opium into China
	1839		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The Napoli-Portici line (first railway in Italy) connecting the royal palace of Naples to the seaside was ready

	1840
	1840		British ships blockaded Guangzhou / Canton and sailed north and threatened 天津Tianjin
						1840s the British forced settlements in China - to make China dependent on them (like India) - establishing "free trade" as defined by them

	1841
	1841		虎门之战 Battle of Humen / Tiger Gate	One of the Opium War battles 广东 Guangdong		Victory: British After the fall of 虎门 Humen, British troops invaded the Pearl River
	1841		British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston sent another fleet which captured Shanghai, blocked traffic on the lower 长江 Changjiang and threatened to attack 南京 Nanjing

	1841		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- The dynasty of the British Rajs (Brooke) started in Sarawak, Malaysia (the dynasty ended in 1946) -- Inhabitants of The Fuaigh Mor Island were driven out so the island could be used for grazing sheep (part of the Highland Clearances)

	1842
	1842		镇江之战 the Battle of Zhenjiang aka The Battle of Chinkiang	江苏 Jiangsu
	1842		End of the first Opium War
	1842		南京条约 Treaty of Nanjing
	1842		China ceded 香港 Hong Kong to the British in the final years of the First Opium War
	1842		上海港 The Port of Shanghai became a treaty port.			An inland port in 上海 Shanghai had been established (since the Sui Dynasty)
	1842		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				Webster-Ashburton Treaty - An agreement between Britain and the USA settling part of the US and Canadian border

	1843
	1843		An exchange ceremony for the 南京条约 Treaty of Nanjing was held in 香港 Xianggang / Hong Kong
	1843		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				The first tunnelling machine was used to help build the Thames tunnel

	1844
	1844		望厦条约 Treaty of peace, amity, and commerce, between the United States of America and the Chinese Empire	澳门的望厦村 Wangxia Village, 澳门 Macau
	1844		大堂 The Igreja da Sé was rebuilt	澳门 Macau


	1845
	1845		Baghdadi Jews started settling in 上海 Shanghai
	1845		From this year to 1945 more than 40000 Jews immigrated into China	Reasons: business / in search of safe haven
	1845		South-eastern Chinese who migrated to Malaya established the 福顺宫 Hock Soon Temple in 安顺 Teluk Intan	today Malaysia
	1845		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Great Famine / Irish Potato Famine in Europe -- Indian Railways (HQ: New Delhi) was founded

	1846
	1846		浦江饭店 The Pujiang Hotel was built in 上海 Shanghai	reputed to be the first western business hotel in China		former name: 礼查饭店 Richards' Hotel and Restaurant
	1846		Birth of 叶观盛 Ye Guansheng / Yap Kwan Seng	广东 Guangdong	founder of 同善医院 Tung Shin Hospital	Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
	1846		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- First proper drilled oil well dug in today's 阿塞拜疆 Azerbaijan -- First known competitive baseball game bet 2 clubs in the US

	1847
	1847		The Jesuits established themselves in the Xujiahui neighborhood of 上海 Shanghai	上海 Shanghai		This place was chosen because it was also home to the grave of Xu Guangqi, a prominent Ming Catholic scholar-official and close associate of the missionary Matteo Ricci

	1848
	1848		Start of the California Gold Rush 加利福尼亚淘金潮 which was joined by some Chinese miners			Foreign miners - including Chinese miners - were later subjected to organized attacks
	1848		Arrival of Robert Fortune, an agent of The East India Company	香港 Hong Kong		Robert Fortune "learned" much about tea as he went deeper into China and was credited by some as instrumental in educating the West about tea (eg while many back home thought black and green tea came from different types of plants, he believed they were a result of how the tea was processed)
	1848		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- At the end of the Mexican-American war, El Paso was divided into two - the northern part was taken over by the US and the southern side became Juarez -- Fascination with African game hunting began -- The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels was published

	1849
	1849		Robert Fortune received news that the tea plants he packed and shipped (in 1848) arrived in Calcutta, India			Calcutta - capital of British India

	1850
	1850		Start of the Xianfeng Emperor's reign 咸丰帝			the Taiping Rebellion 太平天国起义; the Nian Rebellion wars (including the Second Opium War) happened during this reign

	1851		Start of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 太平天国 / Taiping Rebellion 太平天国起义 Starting point: 金田村 Jintian Village	广西 Guangxi	洪秀全 Hong Xiuquan leader with significant role	圣神 was the term used for God during this period Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 太平天国
	1851		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The Great Exhibition in London

	1853		Birth of 张謇 Zhang Jian [jiǎn]			Modern Chinese industrialist, politician, educator, calligrapher, financier, philanthropist, one of the 江苏五才子 "Five Talents of Jiangsu"
	1853		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- In neighboring Japan, Commodore Matthew Perry sailed into Tokyo
	1854
	1854		American, British and French representaatives to China demanded revisions to the Nanjing Treaty			- diplomatic presence in Beijing - regulation of Chinese labour emigration - legalisation of opium - unimpeded navigation of Changjiang / Yangtze
	1854		Birth of 张勋 Zhang Xun	江西 Jiangxi	political and military figure

	1854		Birth of 严复 Yan Fu	福建 Fujian	philosopher, translator and educator
	1854		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Charge of the Light Brigade (Britain - Russia Crimean War)

	1855
	1855		Birth of 徐世昌 Xu Shichang			elected as the President of the Republic of China by the National Assembly See 1918 CE


	1856
	1856		Start of 第二次鸦片战 the second Opium War
	1856		Birth of 同治帝 the Tongzhi Emperor
	1856		天京事变 The Tianjing Incident			a public split between the leadership groups of the 太平天国 Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
	1856		东王杨秀清 Eastern Prince Yang Xiuqing was killed
	1856		马神甫事件 The Ma Shenfu Incident also known as the 西林教案 Xilin Case	广西 Guangxi		French missionary 马赖 Ma Lai Auguste Chapdelaine was executed - used as an excuse / a basis to start 第二次鸦片战 the second Opium War

	1857
	1857		Chinese revolt against the White Rajah James Brooke	in Sarawak, Malaysia	led by 刘善邦 Liu Shan Bang (b. in 广东 Guangdong)

	1858
	1858		Building of the 延香老屋 Yanxiang Old House	广东 Guangdong		the building would later called 康有为故居 Kang Youwei's Former Residence
	1858		Birth of 康有为 Kang Youwei		scholar of Confucian classics, Confucian intellectual, educator	leader of failed reform movement ==> Hundred Days Reform
	1858		Death of 爱新觉罗·耆英 / 耆英 Qiying (commited suicide)		Qing official / minister and negotiator	participated in the negotiations for the 南京条约 Treaty of Nanking and the Arrow War / Second Opium War
	1858		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				the first athletic event requiring paid admission was held

	1859
	1859		第二次大沽口之战 The Second Dagukou War	Victory: Chinese army		The Anglo-French army wanted to capture the 大沽口炮台 Taku Forts (near 天津 Tianjin) this happened during the Second Opium War
	1859		Birth of 袁世凱 Yuan Shikai		Yuan Shikai 袁世凱 - first President of the Republic of China (see 1912CE)	Later Yuan Shikai 袁世凱 also called himself 洪憲皇帝 Emperor Hongxian (see 1915 CE)
	1859		Birth of 汪大燮 Wang Daxie		diplomat, politician, & prime minister of the Beiyang government	from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China period
	1859		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The French seized Saigon (today Ho Chi Minh) -- Charles Dickens historical novel "A Tale of Two Cities" was published

	1860
	1860		British and French Armies destroyed the Old Summer Palace 圆明园
	1860		Start of the Anqing Defense War 安庆保卫战 also known as The Battle of Anqing

	1860		The Taiping Army 太平军 (with leaders 洪仁玕 Hong Rengan and military commander 李秀成 Li Xiucheng ) marched into 苏州 Suzhou and 常州 Changzhou		洪仁玕 Hong Rengan 李秀成 Li Xiucheng	东征 The Taiping Army Eastern Expedition to 苏州 Suzhou and 常州 Changzhou
	1860		八里桥之战 Battle of Baliqiao / The Battle of Palikao			Anglo-French forces against the 清 Qing army
	1860		End of the second Opium War
	1860		北京条约 The Treaty of Beijing / The Convention of Peking			清 Qing and {Great Britain, France, and Russian Empire}
	1860		Start of the 天津租界 The Tianjin Concession
	1860		Britain was the first to establish a concession in 天津 Tianjin	天津 Tianjin
	1860		旅顺 Lushun, a district of 大连 Dalian in 辽宁 Liaoning province was named Port Arthur			named after the Royal Navy Lieutenant named William C. Arthur who "surveyed" the harbor in the gunboat HMS Algerine
	1860
	1860
	1860

	1860		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- debate between Thomas Henry Huxley and Bishop Samuel Wilberforce on Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution.

	1861
	1861		Death of, and end of the reign of 咸丰帝 the Xianfeng Emperor
	1861		李鴻藻 Li Hongzao was selected to educate the young 爱新觉罗载淳 Aisin-Gioro (Juero) Zaichun		who very soon would reign as 同治帝 the Tongzhi Emperor
	1861		Start of 同治帝 the Tongzhi Emperor's reign
	1861		End of 安庆保卫战 the Anqing Defense War also known as The Battle of Anqing
	1861		French Counselor Gustav é went to Tianjin to conduct on-site surveys and define the boundaries of 法租界 the Tianjin French Concession	天津 Tianjin
	1861		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Start of the American Civil War -- Giuseppe Garibaldi proclaimed the Kingdom of Italy

	1862
	1862		The 淮军 Huai Army was formed	安徽 Anhui		name derived from the 淮江 Huai River - river that runs between 黄河 Huang he and 长江 Changjiang
	1862		Lee Bok Boon, paternal great grandfather of 李光耀 Li Guangyao / Lee Kuan Yew, emigrated from 大埔县 Dabu County, to Singapore (Straits Settlement)	广东 Guangdong	李光耀 Li Guangyao / Lee Kuan Yew Singpore's first Prime Minister
	1862		Birth of 曹锟 Cao Kun	天津 Tianjin	the fifth president of the Republic of China	also known as the "保定王 King of Baoding" See also 1923 CE - 1924 CE
	1862		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				In 1861, gold was discovered on the Stikine River in Alaska causing a stampede in 1862.

	1863
	1863		Death of 陈奂 Huan Chen		Qing scholar and bibliophile / book collector
	1863		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Battle of Gettysburg, the United States -- Construction of Notre Dame Cathedral of Saigon began

	1864
	1864		End of 太平天国 Tthe Taiping Heavenly Kingdom / 太平天国起义 Taiping Rebellion		Death of 洪秀全 Hong Xiuquan
	1864		Battle of Fujian	福建 Fujian		battle fought between Qing army and rebels from the 太平天国 Tthe Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
	1864		全聚德 Quanjude (Roast Duck Restaurant) was founded	北京 Beijing	Founder: 杨全仁 Yang Quanren
	1864		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				- the Heineken Brewery was founded in the Netherlands

	1865
	1865		Birth of 唐文治 Tang Wenzhi		educator, writer & master of Chinese studies
	1865		Birth of 吴稚晖 Wu Zhihui	江苏 Jiangsu	one of 国民党 Guomintang (KMT)'s "Four Elder Statesmen"	believed in 无政府主义 Anarchism during his stay in France
	1865		Birth of 段祺瑞 Duan Qirui		Interim ruler and prime minister during the 北洋政府 Beiyang Government
	1865		The 淮军 Huai Army of 江苏 Jiangsu, 郭松林 Guo Songlin and 杨鼎勋 Yang Dingxun, arrived in 福建 Fujian by sea	江苏 Jiangsu 福建 Fujian		part of the Battle of Fujian 1864 CE - 1865 CE
	1865		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				--- End of the American Civil War -- Assassination of US President Abraham Lincoln -- first known commercial infant formula (cow’s milk-based formula) was made in Germany

	1866
	1866		Birth of 孙中山 Sun Zhongshan Dr Sun Yat-sen	广东 Guangdong		Co-founder of the Guomintang 国民党 Nationalist Party first President of the Republic of China
	1866		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Congress passed the US Metric Act which recognized 1 foot = 1200/3927 m

	1867
	1867		The US cargo ship Rover wrecked on an uncharted reef off 台湾 Taiwan	台湾 Taiwan
	1867		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- USA bought Alaska from Russia -- Malacca / Malaya formally became a British colony

	1868
	1868		China built its first paddlewheel steam- boat			fitted with a refurbished 150-hp steam engine
	1868		Birth of 蔡元培 Cai Yuanpei		President of 北京大学 Beijing University President of 中央研究院 Academia Sinica
	1868		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Discovery of RNA began with the discovery of nucleic acids by Friedrich Miescher -- Japan started the ambitious plan of modernising itself (replacing semi-feudal shogunate) -- Edo (meaning "bay entrance" and derived from Chinese 江户) renamed Tokyo

	1869
	1869		上海新报 Shanghai Xinbao / Daily News reported the appearance of bicycles
	1869		China and Russia signed amendments to the Russia land trade agreement
	1869		Birth of 吴保初 Wu Baochu		calligrapher, poet, essayist	author of 北山楼诗词文集
	1869		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- British Thomas Cook led tourists from Egypt to Jerusalem -- Swiss Friedrich Miescher identified nuclein (changed to-> nucleic acid -> DNA) -- Darwin was originally founded as Palmerston -- Birth of Mohandas Gandhi in Porbandar, India

	1870		French consul Henri Fontanier fired into a crowd local representatives	天津 Tianjin
	1870		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- An Easter Island statue was shipped across the Pacific (by the Chilean Navy)

	1871		Birth of the 光绪帝 Guangxu Emperor		The 11th (2nd last) Emperor of the 清 Qing Dynasty	Initiated 戊戌变法 the Hundred Days' Reform
	1871		Birth of 杨昌济 Yang Changji	湖南 Hunan	Educator	reputed to be one of the people who exerted influence on 毛泽东 Mao Zedong
	1871		A treaty regarding trade regulations was signed between the 清 Qing government & Japan
	1871		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Germany was formed -- Russian Dmitri Mendeleev produced his version of The Periodic Table

	1872		陈启源 Chen Qiyuan opened the 继昌隆丝偈 Jichanglong silk reeling factory	简村 Jiancun, 南海 Nanhai County, 广东 Guangdong
	1872		Birth of 袁嘉谷 Yuan Jiagu		University lecturer
	1872		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- John Gast painted "American Progress" which hid the meaning of the US's Manifest Destiny -- Darwin's "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals" was published

	1873		Birth of 梁启超 Liang Qichao	广州 Guangzhou 广东 Guangdong		Influential journalist, Intellectual leader pupil of 康有为 Kang Youwei failed reforms
	1873		Birth of 張郁才 Cheong Yoke Choy	广东 Guangdong	He would later travel to the British colony of Malaya (today Malaysia) and then became a tycoon and philanthropist
	1873		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Chulalongkorn was crowned King Rama V of Thailand

	1874		Japanese military "expedition" to the island of 台湾 Taiwan			this would lead to the occupation of the island
	1874		Birth of 黄兴 Huang Xing		Huang Xing 黄兴 - leader of the Huanghuagang Uprising 黄花岗起义	member of 同盟会 Tongmenghui
	1874		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Russian Sonya Kovalevskaya became the first woman to earn a doctorate in mathematics in Germany

	1875		Birth of 同治帝 the Tongzhi Emperor			The emperor died at the age of 19. He was ill with smallpox.
	1875		Start of 光绪 Emperor Guangxu's reign		Guangxu 光绪 - penultimate Qing 清代 emperor

	1876		Start of the 丁戊奇荒 Northern Chinese Famine			Some historians attribute the famine to the drought that started in 1875CE, an effect of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation
	1876		A section of the 吴淞铁路 Wusong railway from 上海 Shanghai to 江湾 Jiangwan was completed and opened to traffic
	1876		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Start of the reign of the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire - Abdul Hamid II

	1877		Dismantling of the 吴淞铁路 Wusong Railway		Person in charge Shen Pao-chen 沈葆桢	the incident is seen by some as 清代 Qing Dynasty's insularity (narrow-mindedness) 吴淞铁路 Wusong Railway is located in present day 上海 Shanghai
	1877		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- One of Egypt's Alexandria obelisks (Cleopatra's Needle) was shipped to Britain and re-erected in London -- Queen Victoria proclaimed The Empress of India -- Russo-Turkish War

	1878		Trial postal services started in 天津 Tianjin, 上海 Shanghai, 北京 Beijing, 烟台 Yantai and 营口 Yingkou.
	1878		Birth of Tao Chengzhang		Revolutionary against the Qing Government
	1878		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				first electric streetlights in Paris


	1879		End of the 丁戊奇荒 Northern Chinese Famine			Some historians attribute the famine to the drought that started in 1875CE, an effect of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation
	1879		Birth of 李根源 Li Genyuan		Veteran, general and patriot of the 中国国民党 Kuomintang
	1897		Birth of 章宗祥 Zhang Zongxiang			regarded as a traitor due to his betrayal of national sovereignty, borrowing heavily from Japan, and signing numerous treaties that harmed China's rights and national dignity
	1879		戴德生 James Hudson Taylor arrived at 烟台 Yantai, 山东半岛 Shandong Peninsula	-- founder of the 中国内地会 China Inland Mission	British Protestant Christian missionary to China
	1879		Birth of 陈独秀 Chen Duxiu	安徽 Anhui	Co-founder & General Secretary of the Communist Party of China	"courtesy name" 仲甫 Zhongfu
	1879		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- In Malaysia - Birth of 伍连德 Wu Lien-teh or Wu Liande, Malayan physician of Chinese origin renowned for his work in the Manchurian plague 1910-1911 -- Paul Broca discovered the "great limbic lobe" (le grand lobe limbque) in the brains of mammals -- Edison built his versino of the incandescent light bulb
	1880
	1880		The 烟台芝罘学校 Chefoo School in 烟台 Yantai, 山东半岛 Shandong Peninsula was established	中国内地会 China Inland Mission	戴德生 James Hudson Taylor
	1880		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The First Boer War in Transvaal (South African Republic) Victory: The Boers -- The Hotel Continental Saigon opened -- Notre Dame Cathedral of Saigon opened

	1881
	1881		Birth of 鲁迅 Lu Xun		鲁迅 Lu Xun - poet/writer	See 1924CE
	1881		Birth of 潘达微 Pan Dawei		潘达微 Pan Dawei - member of the 同盟会 Tongmenghui	- see 黄花岗起义 The Huanghuagang Uprising 1911
	1881		Birth of 王宠惠 Wang Chonghui		Jurist / Lawyer during the Republic of China
	1881		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Birth of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 1st President of Türkiye

	1882
	1882		Birth of 蔡锷 Cai E		General and revolutionary leader
	1882		Birth of 冯玉祥 Feng Yuxiang	安徽 Anhui	Commander-in-chief of the Northwest Army and the highest military and political leader during the Republic of China
	1882		Birth of 宋教仁 Song Jiaoren		One of the pioneers of modern Chinese revolution, known as the "father of Chinese constitutionalism"
	1882		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				the Edison Electric Light Station, world's first coal-fired public power station, was built in London

	1883
	1883		Birth of 阎锡山 Yan Xishan		Premier of the Republic of China 1949CE	credited for modernizing and lifting up the economy of 山西 Shanxi
	1883		Birth of 汪精卫 Wang Jingwei		Chinese politician and revolutionist against the Qing government	Close associate of Dr 孙中山 Dr Sun Zhongshan
	1883		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Eruption of Krakatoa -- The French gained control of all of Vietnam

	1883 - 1885		French invasion of China The 中法战争 Sino-French War

	1884
	1884		First private capital iron factory was founded in 天津 Tianjin - 天津近代工业		founded by 广东 Guangdong businessman 罗三佑 Luo Sanyou
	1884		Death of 赵纫兰 Zhao Renlan		Wife of 李大钊 Li Dazhao
	1884		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Around 325 wild bison left in the US from an est. 30 million in the 1500s
							-- HSBC bank started in Malaysia

	1885
	1885		Dutch colonial official and sinologist J. J. M. de Groot published the history of Lanfang Kongsi			He argued that the kongsi federations were not secret societies (both in Chinese text and Dutch translation)
	1885		Birth of 张耀曾 Zhang Yaozeng		中华民国司法总长 The Chief Justice of the Republic of China
	1885		Birth of 高一涵 Gao Yihan		adovcate of the May 4 Movement & New Culture Movement, political scientist
	1885		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Congress of Berlin officially divided and shared /parceled out the African continent among a few European countries

	1886
	1886		Restoration of 圆明园 / 颐和园 The Summer Palace
	1886		Death of 丁宝桢 Ding Baozhen

	1887
	1887		Deadly floods caused by Huang He 黄河 The Yellow River
	1887		Birth of 钱玄同 Qian Xuantong		author, linguist, professor of literature National Peking University

	1888
	1888		The Beiyang Navy and Beiyang Fleet 北洋水师/北洋舰队 were formally established
	1888		Birth of 徐旭生 Xu Xusheng		徐旭生 Xu Xusheng - historian and political activist

	1889
	1889		端康皇贵妃 Consort Jin 瑾妃 was accepted into the Imperial Palace and later became a consort of the 光绪帝 Guangxu Emperor
	1889		兰州府学吏局 The Lanzhou Education Bureau was set up			It became the School of Law and Political Affairs in 1909 (which is the predecessor of 兰州大学 Lanzhou University)
	1889		Birth of 李大钊 Li Dazhao		revolutionary and co-founder of the 中国共产党 Communist Party of China	played an important role in introducing 马克思主义 Marxism to Chinese intellectuals - including 毛泽东 Mao Zedong see 1893 CE
	1889		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night -- Nintendo company was founded -- The Eiffel Tower was opened

	1890
	1890		Pharmaceutical company Guangzhou 潘高寿 Pan Gaoshou was founded	广东 Guangdong
	1890		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Publication of Jacob Riis' "How the other half lives" -- c 1890 the first successful electric car debuted in the US

	1891
	1891		Birth of 胡适 Hu Shi		author, philosopher, diplomat	contributed to language reform
	1891		The Qing army had built a cannon fort in 青岛 Qingdao	山东 Shandong
	1891		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Construction of the first railway in Thailand

	1892
	1892		China filed a formal protest in the US State Department against the Chinese Exclusion Bill
	1892		蔡元培 Cai Yuanpei was selected as a scholar of the 翰林院 Hanlin Academy			havnig passed the imperial examination
	1892		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Russian botanist Dmitri Ivanovsky discovered viruses -- Publication of Jacob Riis' "The Children of the Poor"

	1893
	1893		Birth of 毛泽东 Mao Zedong			Founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC) 中华人民共和国 A Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leader
	1893		Birth of 杨虎城 Yang Hucheng		instrumental in The Xi'an Incident see 1936CE	中国国民党 Kuomintang general
	1893		Birth of 熊庆来 Xiong Qinglai		Mathematician
	1893		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Laos became a French colony / protectorate a result of "gunboat diplomacy"

	1894
	1894		Start of the First Sino-Japanese War			War between the Qing Dynasty 清代 and the Empire of Japan
	1894		Reconstruction of the Taihe Men 太和门 in the Imperial Palace			Taihe Men 太和门 is the largest palace gate in the Imperial Palace. It is the main gate of the palace outer court.
	1894		Formation of the Pacification Army but had to be re-organised after China's defeat in the War		袁世凱 Yuan Shikai
	1894		孙中山 Sun Zhongshan / Dr Sun Yat-sen formed the 兴中会 (The Society for the Revival of China) - an anti-Qing revolutionary organisation		孙中山 Sun Zhongshan / Dr Sun Yat-sen	earliest predecessor of the Chinese Kuomintang and the first democratic revolutionary group in modern Chinese history (this took place in Honolulu)
	1894		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The Krylov State Research Centre (one of the world's major ship research & design centres) established -- The start of Tsar Nicholas II in Russia (the last of the Tsars)

	1895
	1895		End of the First Sino-Japanese War 马关条约 Treaty of Shimonoseki			agreement that concluded the first Sino-Japanese War China - recognizes independence of Korea China - cede Taiwan, Pescadores Islands and 辽东 Liaodong (South Manchurian) Peninsula to Japan
	1895		Japan annexed Taiwan from China			See above
	1895		Birth of 刘天华 Liu Tianhua		musician and composer	Well known for his innovative work with the 二胡 erhu
	1895		Birth of 徐悲鸿 Xu Beihong		traditional and Western oil painter	Well known for his paintings of horses and birds, among others
	1895		Birth of 蔡和森 Cai Hesen		one of the leaders of the early CPC, an communist fighter, a proletarian revolutionist, theorist
	1895		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The world's first automat (Quisisana) opened in Berlin, Germany -- Initial planning for St Mary's Cathedral in colonial Burma began

	1896
	1896		Foreign powers arbitrarily divided their spheres of influence in China			with that were: military, political aggression and economic plunder
	1896		袁世凯 / 袁世凱 Yuan Shikai joined the Army		袁世凯 Yuan Shikai - first President of the Republic of China (see 1912 CE)
	1896		Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) was founded	上海 Shanghai
	1896		Cinema was introduced in China
	1896		The Sino-Russian Alliance of 1896 aka The Li-Lobanov Treaty / The "Sino-Russian Secret Treaty of 1896"		Special Envoy Li Hongzhang Russian Foreign Minister Lobanov
	1896		孙中山 Dr Sun ZhongShan Sūn ZhōngShān (Dr Sun Yat-Sen) wrote his autobiography in the United Kingdom
	1896		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- 1896 Summer Olympics - the first international Olympics held in modern history -- The Grito de Balintawak, a call for Filipinos to revolt, was issued

	1897
	1897		巨野教案 Juye Incident	山东 Shandong	Richard Henle and Franz Xaver Nies	Two German Catholic missionaries were killed
	1897		Germany invaded Qingdao, first occupied 信号山 Signal Mountain as a high ground and aimed its guns at the Qing government's headquarters	山东 Shandong
	1897
	1897		Birth of 杨钟健 Yang Zhongjian		paleontologist instrumental in the discovery of dinosaurs in China	founder of paleontological research in China See year: 1938 CE
	1897		Birth of 罗炳辉 Luo Binghui	云南 Yunnan	Military Strategist and Commander
	1897		Disastrous floods caused by 黄河 Huang He / The Yellow River			Abnormal monsoonal activities brought about cycles of extreme droughts and deadly floods
	1897		A "Self Strengthening Army" was formed		张之洞 Zhang Zhidong
	1897		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The British made Burma (today Myanmar) a province of India - a part of the British Empire

	1898
	1898		Founding of 京师大学堂 Jingshi University / Imperial University of Peking			predecessor of 北京大学 Beijing University
	1898		Weihaiwei 威海卫 became a "leased territory" of the United Kingdom			Today Weihaiwei 威海卫 is known as Weihai 威海 - a prefecture-level city and major seaport in the province of Shandong 山东
	1898		胶州湾租借地 Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory	山东 Shandong		German leased territory (552 km2 - 213 sq mi) 1898 CE to 1914 CE
	1898		戊戌变法 Hundred Days' Reform		Guangxu Emperor 光绪帝 Kang Youwei 康有为 Liang Qichao 梁启超	11 June to 22 September
	1898		袁世凯 / 袁世凱 Yuan Shikai became commander of the 天津 Tianjin Division of the 北洋軍 Beiyang Army	天津 Tianjin	袁世凯 Yuan Shikai - first President of the Republic of China (see 1912 CE)
	1898		Wuxu 戊戌 Coup		Empress Dowager Ci Xi 慈禧太后	22 September - ended the Hundred Days' Reform 戊戌变法
	1898		Birth of Zhou Enlai 周恩来		first premier of the People's Republic of China 中国共产党
	1898		Birth of 杨闇公 Yang Angong	潼南区 Tongnan County district of 重庆 Chongqing	革命先驱 Revolutionary Pioneer / founder of 四川 Sichuan party
	1898		Birth of 周谷城 Zhou Gucheng		well-known Chinese historian, educator, and social activist
	1898		Birth of 陈延年 Chen Yannian		son of 陈独秀 Chen Duxiu
	1898		Cartoon showing "Chinese pie" being divided among the British Empire, Germany, Russia, France & Japan was published in France
	1898		义和团运动 Yihetuan (Society of Righteousness and Harmony) arose in 山东 Shandong	山东 Shandong	Their members are called Boxers because their leaders practised martial arts
	1898		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Governor-General Paul Doumer conceived a rail network of 6 major lines for Indochina -- Pepsi created in a pharmacy in North Carolina, US -- US capture of Guam -- War between US and Spain - As a result Spain lost its control over the remains of its overseas empire Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines Islands, Guam, & other islands.

	1899
	1899		Recognition that inscriptions on oracle bones 甲骨 jiǎ gǔ were a form of writing 甲骨文		王懿榮 Wang Yirong 王懿荣	Some scholars state that 刘鹗 Liu E went to an apothecary to buy medicine for his friend 王懿荣 Wang Yirong and was prescribed a concoction that had 龟甲 oracle bones as one of the ingredients
	1899		广州湾 Guangzhou Bay was "leased" to France			广州湾 Guangzhou Bay is 湛江 Zhanjiang today
	1899		青岛市康有为故居纪念馆 Qingdao Kang Youwei's former residence memorial was set up	山东 Shandong
	1899		Construction of the Rongbuk Temple 绒布寺རྫ་རོང་ཕུ་དགོན་			claimed to be the highest temple/monastery in the world at 5154 m
	1899		Start of the 义和团运动 Boxer Uprising / Movement			See 1898 CE
	1899		The Germans built the Bismarck Fort in 青岛 Qingdao	山东 Shandong		See 1891 CE
	1899		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Raffles Hotel Singapore main building completed and opened -- British Arthur Evans bought the site of Knossos on the island of Crete (Greece) and started excavation activities

	1900
	1900		天津之战 Battle of Tianjin			One of the battles fought against the 八国联军 Eight-Nation Alliance in the War of Invasion of China
	1900		Battte of Beijing / Peking
	1900		八国联军侵华战争 Siege of the International Legations
	1900		The 八国联军 Eight-Nation Alliance raided 北京 Beijing and destroyed Nanhaizi Park			The 麋鹿 Milu deer became extinct in China (However, some were traded illegally to Europe)
	1900		End of the 义和团运动 Boxer Uprising/ Movement
	1900		Activities of 京师大学堂 Jingshi University / Imperial University of Peking suspended			predessor of 北京大学 Beijing University
清	1900- 1901		青岛站（Qingdao Railway Station） built and open

	1901
	1901		辛丑条约 Treaty of Xinchou / Beijing Protocol / Boxer Protocol / Final Protocol for the Settlement of the Disturbances of 1900
	1901		Kang Youwei 康有为 first visited India
	1901		Birth of Yang Kaihui		Wife of 毛泽东 Mao Zedong; Daughter of 杨昌济 Yang Changji
	1901		Death of 杨衢云 Yang Quyun		杨衢云 Yang Quyun revolutionary together with Sun Yat-sen in charge of planning uprising in Guangzhou
	1901		Death of 李鸿章 Li Hongzhang		politican, general & diplomat led Chinese forces during the First Sino-Japanese War (1894 CE-1895 CE)
	1901		Birth of 吴金鼎 Wu Jinding		Archaeologist - 城子崖 Chengziya
	1901		Birth of 张学良 Zhang Xueliang	aka the 少帥 "Young Marshal"	instrumental in The Xi'an Incident see 1936 CE
	1901		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The Grand Metropole Hotel opened in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam -- Death of Queen Victoria

	1902
	1902		Renovation of the Rongbuk Temple 绒布寺རྫ་རོང་ཕུ་དགོན་
	1902		Construction of the 沂水路11号 building in 青岛 Qingdao	山东 Shandong
	1902		京师大学堂 Jingshi University / Imperial University of Peking was revived			predessor of 北京大学 Beijing University
	1902		The newsprint 大公报 Da gongbao was first published in 天津 Tianjin
	1902		Birth of 陈乔年 Chen Qiaonian		Son of 陈独秀 Chen Duxiu
	1902		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Signing of Anglo-Japanese Alliance

	1903
	1903		中东铁路 The Chinese Eastern Railway was opened to traffic
	1903		青岛啤酒 Tsingtao Brewery was founded and the first beer was served the following year
	1903		刘鹗 Liu E published 铁云藏龟 (literally translated as "Iron Cloud Hidden Turtle") a book on "dragon bone" inscriptions.
	1903		袁嘉谷 Yuan Jiagu beame the best scholar in Economics in the Imperial examinations (in the history of Yunnan)
	1903		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Birth of Tunku Abdul Rahman - 1st Prime Minister of Malaya and later Malaysia. Instrumental of gaining independence from the British (1957CE) -- The Hotel National, Moscow, opened -- on Coney Island, Alternating Current (AC) was used to kill Tospy the elephan -- Wilbur and Orville Wright succeeded in world's first powered & controlled airplane flight -- For $ 10 million, the United States acquired control of the Panama Canal Zone

	1904
	1904		Birth of 邓小平 Deng Xiaoping	四川 Sichuan	Chinese communist statesman paramount leader of the People's Republic of China

	1904		Birth of 巴金 Ba Jin		Famous author and political activist against the Japanese Invasion	Considered to be his most famous novel, 家 (translated: Family) was published in 1933
	1904		The Miao script was created		Japan	by adapting Latin letter variants, English shorthand characters, Miao pictographs, Cree syllable forms
	1904		Britain forced Tibetans to sign commercial agreements to open up 西藏 Xizang /Tibet to British trade. Also sent military forces.
	1904		李根源 Li Genyuan went to Japan to study military affairs
	1904		Mary Isabel Fraser brought 猕猴桃 Míhóutáo seeds to New Zealand after visiting mission schools in China		principal of Wanganui Girls’ College
	1904		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Start of the Battle of Tsushima Japan and Russia

	1905
	1905		The founding meeting of the 中国同盟会 Chinese Revolutionary League was held in Tokyo
	1905		孙中山 Sun Zhongshan / Sun Yat-sen returned from London			late 1905
	1905		Start of the construction of the 迎宾馆（青岛德国总督楼旧址) the German Governor General's Building in 青岛 Qingdao	山东 Shandong
	1905		Start of mass movement of Chinese students overseas - many to Japan
	1905		Birth of 谢晋元 Xie Jinyuan		Leader who commanded the "800 Heroes" who defended the Sihang Warehouse	淞沪会战 Battle of Songhu / Battle of Shanghai
	1905		Birth of 冼星海 Xian Xinghai		Composer, Musician
	1905		Birth of 杨靖宇 Yang Jingyu		Military strategist, famous Anti-Japanese national hero, one of the founders and leaders of 东北抗日联军 Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army

	1905		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- End of the Battle of Tsushima (victory belonged to the Japanese) Japan and Russia -- Red Sunday, St Petersburg Russia

	1906					the 32nd year of Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty
	1906		Birth of 溥仪 Emperor Puyi Xuantong 宣统皇帝		12th and final Qing Dynasty 清代 Emperor	The Last Emperor of China
	1906		北京动物园 Beijing Zoo was founded	北京 Beijing
	1906		Birth of 张荔英 Zhāng Lìyīng aka Georgette Chen	浙江 Zhejiang	Painter	Spent the 1950s onward in 南洋 Nanyang Penang and Singapore
	1906		Birth of 周有光 Zhou Youguang		the Father of Pinyin 拼音
	1906		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- San Francisco Earthquake

	1907
	1907		福建师范大学 The Fujian Normal University was established			the oldest elite school in Fujian 福建
	1907		End of the construction of the 迎宾馆（青岛德国总督楼旧址) the German Governor General's Building in 青岛 Qingdao	山东 Shandong
	1907		The Peking to Paris Car Race was held
	1907		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The Great Mosque of Djenne (made almost entirely of mud) in Mali was opened (designated World Heritage Site in 1988) -- Burmese noationalist U Ottama moved to Tokyo

	1908
	1908		Death of 光绪帝 Guangxu Emperor			14 November
	1908		Death of 慈禧太后 Empress Dowager Ci Xi			15 November
	1908		Start of 溥仪 Emperor Puyi 's reign 宣统皇帝 Xuantong
	1908		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				- Austrian Adolf Loof is said to composed "Ornament and Crime" and thus invented modern architecture - Sigmund Freud discovered the Oedipus Complex -- Henry Ford launched the Model T in the US

	1909
	1909		康有为 Kang Youwei's second visit to India
	1909		李根源 Li Genyuan assisted in the seting up of the Yunnan Military Academy
	1909		Death of 张之洞 Zhang Zhidong		One of the “晚清中兴四大名臣” "Four Famous Ministers of the Late Qing Dynasty's Zhongxing"

	1910
	1910		Meeting of Chinese United League members (including 孙中山 Dr Sun ZhongShan and 黄兴 Huang Xing) - planning for the 黄花岗起义 Yellow Flower Mount Uprising in 广州 Guangzhou	Penang, Malaysia	黄兴 Huang Xing had the nickname: the "Eight Fingered General"	At that time, Peninsular Malaya including Singapore had the largest population of Overseas Chinese.
	1910		Birth of 艾思奇 Ai Siqi	云南 Yunnan	Writer, Philosopher
	1910		毛泽东 Mao Zedong - a schoolboy then - learnt a Japanese song			毛泽东 Mao Zedong felt Japan's pride in their victory over Russia in that song See 1905 CE

	1911
	1911		Start of the 辛亥革命 Xinhai Revolution			October 10
	1911		爱新觉罗· 溥仪 Emperor Puyi abdicated his throne 袁世凱 Yuan Shikai inaugurated as interim President
	1911		Feudal monarchy was abolished -- birth of the Republic of China
	1911		蔡锷 Cai E moved to Yunnan
	1911		黄花岗起义 Huanghuagang Uprising The Yellow Flower Mount Uprising led by 黄兴 Huang Xing		黄兴 Huang Xing 's nickname the "Eight Fingered General"	The Qing 清 Army beat the Tongmenghui中国同盟会 The corpses of the 中国同盟会 were collected by Pan Dawei 潘达微 and buried in Huanghuagang. (黄兴 Huang Xing survived.) Today: the Mausoleum of the 72 Martyrs
	1911		Wuchang Uprising 武昌起义 beginning of the 辛亥革命 Xinhai Revolution	rings the death knell for the Qing 清 Court		The place: Wuchang 武昌 District of 武汉 Wuhan, 湖北 Hubei. The 中国同盟会 Tongmenghui beat The 清 Qing Army
	1911		Chongjiu Uprising in Kunming	云南 Yunnan	蔡锷 Cai E, 李根源 Li Genyuan, 唐继尧 Tang Jiyao
	1911		General Li Yuanhong 黎元洪 of the Hubei New Army became the Provisional Military Governor			requested by the revolutionaries
	1911		Yuan Shikai 袁世凱 commanding Qing 清 forces attacked Hankou 汉口			Hankou 汉口 was one the towns/districts together with Wuchang 武昌 & Hanyang 汉阳 to become 武汉 Wuhan
	1911		阳夏保卫战 Defense of Yangxia also known as 阳夏之战 The Battle of Yangxia		-- Revolutionaries (Hubei Revolutionary Army) led by # Li Yuanhong 黎元洪 # Huang Xing 黄兴 -- Qing 清 Army led by Yuan Shikai 袁世凱	Huang Xing 黄兴 had left Shanghai 上海 to join the Revolutionaries in Hankou 汉口.
	1911		Dr. Sun Yat-sen 孙中山 returned to China Provincial representatives from Nanjing 南京 elected him Provisional President

	1911		Birth of 钱学森 Qian Xuesen			Aeronautical Engineer and Scientist
	1911		清华大学 Tsinghua University was established	earned reputation to be one of China's most prestigious universities		location: northwestern suburbs of 北京 Beijing
	1911		Birth of 萧红 Xiao Hong / 张秀环 Zhang Xiuhuan	modern Chinese woman writer		reputed to be a "Literary Giant of the 1930s"
	1911		成都人民公园 The People's Park in 成都 Chengdu was built	四川 Sichuan
	1911		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Titanic was launched in Belfast, UK -- Taal Volcano eruption in the Philippines - killed over 1000 people

	1912
	1912		1st January - First Year of the Republic
	1912		End of the Xinhai Revolution 辛亥革命 February 12 End of Qing Dynasty 清代		Also end of reign of 溥仪 Emperor Puyi / Emperor 宣统皇帝 Xuantong	Emperor Puyi 溥仪 abdicated on 12 February
	1912		Dr. Sun Yat-sen 孙中山 stepped down as Provisional President
	1912		袁世凯 Yuan Shikai became Provisional President			Yuan Shikai 袁世凯 was promised the position if he could get the Qing 清 court to abdicate and he did
	1912		章宗祥 Zhang Zongxiang served as the Secretary of the Presidential Office of 袁世凯 Yuan Shikai			regarded as a traitor due to his betrayal of national sovereignty, borrowing heavily from Japan, and signing numerous treaties that harmed China's rights and national dignity
	1912		毛泽东 Mao Zedong was discharged from the military			having served six months
	1912		The (renamed) 大清门 Daqingmen / Daqing Gate was given back its original name - The 中华门 Zhonghua Gate			See also 1417 CE, 1644 CE, 1959 CE, 1976 CE
	1912		Start of the construction of the Chengyang Yongji bridge 程阳永济桥			location: north of Sanjiang County, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
	1912		Court used by Chinese was established in a building constructed on the Kuching River Cliffs, Malaysia
	1912		The name of 京师大学堂 Jingshi University / Imperial University of Peking was changed to 北京大学 Beijing University
	1912		张謇 Zhang Jian [jiǎn] founded the 纺织染传习所 Textile Dyeing School
	1912		Assassination of / Death of 陶成章 Tao Chengzhang		Revolutionary against the Qing Government
	1912		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Titanic sank -- Wilbur L. Scoville invented the test and scale known as the "Scoville Organoleptic Test" (Scoville Scale)

	1913
	1913		二次革命 Second Revolution			revolt by 孙中山 Sun Zhongshan / Sun Yat-sen, his supporters, and the governors of several southern Chinese provinces against the Beiyang government led by 袁世凱 Yuan Shikai
	1913		The 二次革命 Second Revolution failed and 孙中山 Sun Zhongshan / Sun Yat-sen went into exile in Japan
	1913		毛泽东 Mao Zedong enrolled in the Fourth Normal School	湖南 Hunan
	1913		The US officially recognized the republic of China
	1913		Death of 吴保初 Wu Baochu		calligrapher, poet, essayist	author of 北山楼诗词文集 Poems & Essays
	1913		Assassination of / Death of 宋教仁 Song Jiaoren		revoluntionary, One of the pioneers of modern Chinese revolution, known as the "father of Chinese constitutionalism".
	1913		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Canberra was founded -- specifically to stop the fight between Melbourne and Sydney to be the capital of Australia -- The first plant to use the Haber-Bosch process at industrial scale started up at BASF Oppau (Germany)

	1914
	1914		中华革命党 The Chinese Revolutionary Party was founded in Japan		孙中山 Sun Zhongshan / Dr. Sun Yat Sen
	1914		The 新华银行 Sin Hua Bank was founded	北京 Beijing
	1914		中山公园(上海市长宁区中山公园) The Zhongshan Park in Shanghai was established
	1914		Swedish geologist and archeologist Johan Gunnar Andersson arrived in China
	1914		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- World War I (Europe's most devastating war in its history)- est military and civilian casualties ~40 mil -- The RMS Empress of Ireland sank and 1012 lives were lost -- In the US, the first electric traffic signal installed -- publication of 甲寅 Jiayin in Japan - see
	1915
	1915		袁世凯 Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself as Emperor			reportedly on the advice of an American political science professor (for the restoration of a monarchhical system)
	1915		云南 Yunnan became the first province to initiate the 护国运动 "Republic-Defending Movement"	云南 Yunnan		aim - to fight against the monarchy
	1915		The humiliating 二十一条 Twenty-One Demands by the Japanese on China			the acceptance of the demands was cited as a reason why 袁世凯 Yuan Shikai could proclaim himself Emperor
	1915		蔡锷 Cai E met with 孙中山 Sun Zhongshan / Dr. Sun Yat Sen in Japan
	1915		蔡锷 Cai E returned to China (Yunnan) and with an oath to conquer 袁世凯 Yuan Shikai led an army into Sichuan
	1915		Compilation of the Zhonghua da zidian 中華大字典
	1915		刘天华 Liu Tianhua created the first 二胡 erhu solo melody called "Recitation in Illness"
	1915		陈独秀 Chen Duxiu returned to China from Japan
	1915		The seeds of the 新文化运动 the New Culture Movement sown		陈独秀 Chen Duxiu	This period is recorded to end in 1923 CE
	1915		Publication of the first issue of the 青年杂志 Youth Magazine which later became 新青年 LA JEUNESSE The New Youth Magazine		陈独秀 Chen Duxiu	The magazine initiated 新文化运动（the New Culture Movement and promoted democracy and science
	1915		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Australian and New Zealand troops stormed Gallipoli in Turkey - Victory: The Ottomans

	1916
	1915- 1916		Short reign of 袁世凱 Yuan Shikai 洪憲皇帝		袁世凱 Yuan Shikai
	1916		章宗祥 Zhang Zongxiang became the Ambassador to Japan			regarded as a traitor due to his betrayal of national sovereignty, borrowing heavily from Japan, and signing numerous treaties that harmed China's rights and national dignity
	1916		Birth of 任继愈 Ren Jiyu	Historian, philosopher, scholar of religious studies
	1916		The death of Yuan Shikai 袁世凱 started a period of warlord separatism			The period of warlord separatism lasted for 13 years until 1928
	1916		蔡元培 Cai Yuanpei appointed President of 北京大学 Peking University	北京 Beijing		known to have developed an "academic" and "liberal" style

	1916		Death of Huang Xing 黄兴		Huang Xing 黄兴 - leader of the Huanghuagang Uprising 黄花岗起义	黄兴 Huang Xing had the nickname of the "Eight Fingered General"
	1916		Death of 蔡锷 Cai E
	1916		The newsprint 大公报 Da gongbao (first published in 天津 Tianjin in 1902 was purchased by the 北洋 Beiyang government
	1916		双兴堂 Shuang Xing Tang, a traditional bathhouse, was built	北京 Beijing		北京 Beijing's last traditional bathhouse

	1916		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Black Tom Bombing - German agents blew up New York harbour -- The Great Arab Revolt -- Britain and France concluded the Sykes-Picot agreement

	1917
	1917		张勋 Zhang Xun briefly controlled 北京 Beijing and 爱新觉罗·溥仪 Puyi was restored to the throne (1917)
	1917		The restoration failed quickly - some accounts cited 12 days
	1917		孙中山 Sun Zhongshan / Dr. Sun Yat launched a movement in 广州 Guangzhou	广东 Guangdong
	1917		周恩来 Zhou Enlai graduated from 南开 Nankai in 天津 Tianjin and left to Japan to study		周恩来 Zhou Enlai was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China
	1917		陈独秀 Chen Duxiu became a dean of 北京大学 Peking University	北京 Beijing	College of Arts and Letters	北京大学 Peking University was established in 1898 CE
	1917		胡适 Hu Shi became a professor at the 北京大学 Peking University	北京 Beijing
	1917		杨钟健 Yang Zhongjian was admitted to the 北京大学预科 preparatory program at Peking University	北京 Beijing	paleontologist instrumental in the discovery of dinosaurs in China
	1917		中国林学会 The Chinese Society of Forestry was founded
	1917		The daily publication of the 甲寅日刊 "The Tiger Daily"	北京 Beijing	胡汉民 Hu Hanmin (initiator）章士钊 Zhang Shizhao (editor-in-chief) 陈独秀 Chen Duxiu - assisted in editing
	1917		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Start of the Russian Revolution - The Bolshevik Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution marking the end of the Romanov Dynasty in Russia -- Battle of Aqaba -- Balfour Declaration -The British government announced support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine

	1918
	1918		Setup of 新民学会 Xinmin society initiated	长沙 Changsha 湖南 Hunan	毛泽东 Mao Zedong, 萧子升 Xiao Zisheng, 何叔衡 He Shuheng, 蔡和森 Cai Hesen and others	新民学会 Xinmin society is part of the 新文化运动 New Culture Movement
	1918		Birth of 林梧桐 Lin Wutong / Lim Goh Tong	安溪县 Anxi County 福建 Fujian	Chinese Malaysian entrepreneur and business magnate
	1918		鲁迅 Lu Xun completed his first novella 狂人日记 The Diary of a Madman			1st and most influential modern work authored in vernacular Chinese
	1918		李大钊 Li Dazhao started to serve as professor and librarian at 北京大学 Beijing University			In Beida, he met 李大钊 Li Dazhao and
	1918		吴佩孚 Wu Peifu led his troops to occupy 长沙 Changsha	湖南 Hunan
	1918		毛泽东 Mao Zedong travelled from 长沙 Changsha to 北京 Beijing
	1918		毛泽东 Mao Zedong spent time in 北大 Beida / Peking University
	1918		At the invitation of 蔡元培 Cai Yuanpei, 杨昌济 Yang Changji was appointed as a professor of ethics at 北京大学 Peking University			He raised funds for students studying part-time in France, recommended Mao Zedong to work at the Peking University Library
	1918		徐世昌 Xu Shichang elected as the President of the Republic of China by the National Assembly
	1918		A delegation was sent by the govern- ment to attend the Paris Peace Conference
	1918		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- End of WW I -- Influenza Pandemic in Europe killed more than 50 million people worldwide -- Tsar Nicholas II of Russia assassinated

	1919
	1919		五四运动 May 4th Movement	Political awakening of the young - denouncing colonialism and feudalism		Students were angry by unjust and humiliating treatment at the Paris Peace Conference
	1919		May 4th demonstration and strikes spread out the country			See also 1925 CE
	1919		毛泽东 Mao Zedong left Beijing and returned to Hunan
	1919		邓小平 Deng Xiaoping spent a year in a preparatory school in 重庆 Chongqing for a work-study program abroad
	1919		Arrival of Puyi's Western tutor to The Forbidden City		Sir Reginal Johnston (a Scotsman)
	1919		Zhou Enlai 周恩来 returned from Japan and enrolled in the Nankai University 南开大学	天津 Tianjin	周恩来 Zhou Enlai was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China	Nankai University is located in 天津 Tianjin
	1919		南开大学 The Nankai University in 天津 Tianjin was established
	1919		周恩来 Zhou Enlai became the leader of the 天津 Tianjin student community for 五四运动 the May 4th Movement
	1919		徐世昌 Xu Shichang convened a peace conference following his order for an armistice against the South
	1919		陈独秀 Chen Duxiu jailed a few months for distributing "inflammatory" literature			His tenure as Dean of Arts and Letters in 北京大学 Peking University ended
	1919		杨钟健 Yang Zhongjian joined the great patriotic movement against imperialism and feudalism.		paleontologist instrumental in the discovery of dinosaurs in China
	1919		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The Egyptian Revolution -- Ho Chi Minh's “Petition to Woodrow Wilson” -- End of Influenza Pandemic in Europe which killed more than 50 million people worldwide -- Jallianwala Bagh massacre / Amritsar massacre

			End of 近代 Jin Dai (period from the Opium Wars until the May 4th Movement)

	Year		Main Events	Key Achievements	Key People	Notes	Elsewhere in The World

	1920
	1920		周恩来 Zhou Enlai was arrested for leading the student movement	天津 Tianjin
	1920		周恩来 Zhou Enlai left for France for a work-study program
	1920		李大钊 Li Dazhao helped 陈独秀 Chen Duxiu escape from 北京 Beijing (to 上海 Shanghai)			On the way, they vowed to set up a party in 北京 Beijing and 上海 Shanghai. This was known as 南陈北李，相约建党 the promise of Chen's South and Li's North to start a party
	1920		邓小平 Deng Xiaoping began his study in France
	1920		蔡元培 Cai Yuanpei served as the President of 中法大学 Sino French University
	1920		Zha Xiaoyuan, Xi Zhen, and Wang Lan appeared on the cover of the 10th issue of the Peking University Students’ Weekly
	1920		12·16 海原地震 Haiyuan Earthquake	甘肃 Gansu 宁夏 Ningxia
	1920		The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels was first published in China		陈望道 Chen Wangdao	The first full Chinese version of The Communist Manifesto was translated by 陈望道 Chen Wangdao
	1920		Death of 杨昌济 Yang Changji	湖南 Hunan origin	Educator	reputed to be one of the people who exerted influence on 毛泽东 Mao Zedong
	1920		The newspaper 鼓昕日报 Gǔ xīn rìbào Guxin Daily was founded
	1920		杨钟健 Yang Zhongjian and 7 students from the Department of Geology formed the “北京大学地质研究会” "Peking University Geological Research Association"		paleontologist instrumental in the discovery of dinosaurs in China
	1920		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Women could matriculate and take degrees in the University of Oxford -- Prohibition started in the US -- The word "robot" was introduced in the play Rossum’s Universal Robots

	1921
	1921		The 中国共产党 Communist Party of China (CPC) was founded		陈独秀 Chen Duxiu 李大钊 Li Dazhao
	1921		周恩来 Zhou Enlai joined the 中国共产党 Communist Party of China (CPC) in France
	1921		The 济南共产主义小组 Jinan Communist Group was formed	山东 Shandong

	1921		The CPC's First National Congress opens in 上海 Shanghai and closes in Jiaxing, 浙江 Zhejiang		张国焘 Zhang Guotao (Beijing representative) 刘仁静 Liu Renjing (Beijing representative) 李汉俊 Li Hanjun (Shanghai) 李达 Li Da (Shanghai) 王会悟 Wang Huiwu (wife of 李达 Li Da) 邓恩铭 Deng Enming (Jinan) 王尽美 Wang Jinmei (Jinan) 董必武 Dong Biwu (Wuhan) 陈潭秋 Chen Tanqiu (Wuhan) 周佛海 Zhou Fohai (Japan) 包惠僧 Bao Huiseng (represented 陈独秀 Chen Duxiu) 陈公博 Chen Gongbo (Guangzhou) 李励庄 Li Lizhuang (wife of 陈公博 Chen Gongbo) 何叔衡 He Shuheng (Changsha) 毛泽东 Mao Zedong (Changsha)	The name 中国共产党 Communist Party of China was adopted
	1921		阿Q正传 The True Story of Ah Q was published		鲁迅 Lu Xun
	1921		邓小平 Deng Xiaoping was involved in the Chinese worker-student movement in Lyon
	1921		Swedish geologist and archeologist Johan Gunnar Andersson traveled to 河南 Henan
	1921		The site of the 仰韶文化 Yangshao culture was unearthed	Location: 渑池县 Mianchi County, 河南 Henan		a Neolithic culture that existed along the 黄河 Huanghe Yellow River.
	1921		Birth of 许渊冲 Xu Yuanchong		translator of Chinese literature to English & French
	1921		Xu Zongze returned to China after obtaining his doctorate in Europe		an 11th-generation descendant of Xu Guangqi (Catholic scholar- official and close associate of the missionary Matteo Ricci
	1921		The courthouse used by Chinese in Kuching, Malaysia, was taken over by the Chinese Trade Council	see 1912 CE
	1921		Russian architect Boris Krivoss left Russia for China
	1921		Death of 严复 Yan Fu		philosopher, translator and educator
	1921		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- White Castle - arguable the original American fast food restaurant was founded -- First woman to graduate from the University of Oxford -- Race massacre in Greenwood, USA -- The Czech play “R.U.R.” gave birth to the word robot

	1922
	1922		The first Constitution was adopted by the CPC (the Communist Party of China)
	1922		Together with 赵世炎 Zhao Shiyan and others, 周恩来 Zhou Enlai organised the 中国少年共产党 Youth Communist Party of China in Europe
	1922		邓小平 Deng Xiaoping joined the the 中国共青团/中国共产主义青年团 Chinese Communist Youth League
	1922		Resignation of 徐世昌 Xu Shichang as President
	1922		Birth of 金学曙 Dr Jin Xueshu			Educated in traditional Chinese medicine and also China's first generation of doctors trained in Western medicine
	1922		杨钟健 Yang Zhongjian graduated from the 京大学地质系 Department of Geology at Peking University
	1922		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The end of the Ottoman Empire -- Mahatma Gandhi was arrested by the British for Sedition -- King Tutankhamun's Tomb discovered -- Many historians mark this year as the end of the civil war in Russia; the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formed -- Stalin becomes General-Secretary of the Communist Party

	1923
	1923		The year the that has been recorded as the end of 新文化运动 (the New Culture Movement)
	1923		江苏省通州高级中学 The Tongzhou Senior High School of Jiangsu Province was founded
	1923		豫社 Yushe a social organisation was founded		王之乾 Wang Zhiqian	academic research, character cultivation, and promotion of social undertakings
	1923		The Palace of Established Happiness / Jianfu Palace was burnt down			See 1742 CE, 1802 CE Not long after the incident, 溥仪 Emperor Puyi ordered all eunuchs (except 50) out from the 紫禁城 (The Forbidden City)
	1923		Death of 张勋 Zhang Xun		political and military figure
	1923		曹锟 Cao Kun became president		the fifth president of the Republic of China	October 10, 1923 - November 2, 1924
	1923		杨钟健 Yang Zhongjian went to Germany to further his studies.
	1923		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The Republic of Turkey was formed with Ankara as its capital

	1924
	1923 - 1924		Discovery of the 齐家文化 Qijia Culture site at 齊家坪 Qijiaping in 甘肃 Gansu Province		JG Anderson Swedish archaeologist, paleontologist, geologist

	1924		邓小平 Deng Xiaoping finished his study in France
	1924 -1925		邓小平 Deng Xiaoping joined the Communist Party of China
	1924		杨钟健 Yang Zhongjian was admitted to the Department of Paleontology at the University of Munich
	1924		Rabindranath Tagore visited China		Indian philosopher/writer/poet	He was hosted by poet 鲁迅 Lu Xun
	1924		26 pieces of murals were cut off from the Mogao Grottoes 莫高窟 and two sculptures taken away from Caves 328 and 257		by American Landon Warner	special glue was used for the cutting process
	1924		溥仪 Puyi's imperial title and privileges were abolished - he became an ordinary citizen			He was forced out of the 紫禁城 Forbidden City for good (an action credited by some to 冯玉祥 Feng Yuxiang)
	1924		Completion of the construction of the 程阳永济桥 Chengyang Yongji bridge			location: north of Sanjiang County, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
	1924		The First National Congress of the Kuomintang (KMT)			first united front before the CPC and the KMT
	1924		Xu Zongze became head of the Chinese language section of the Bibliotheca Zi-Ka-Wei			Zi-Ka-Wei is a Romanization of Xujiahui's pronunciation in the local Shanghai dialect
	1924		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The first Winter Olympics was held in France. -- Mahatma Gandhi was released from prison -- Death of Vladimir Lenin; his remains preserved in similar fashion of monks during medieval Church

	1925
	1925		邓小平 Deng Xiaoping left France for Moscow
	1925		Death of 孙中山 Sun ZhongShan / Dr Sun Yat-sen			Co-founder of the Guomintang 国民党 Nationalist Party first President of the Republic of China
	1925		溥仪 Puyi moved to 天津 Tianjin
	1925		故宫博物院 The Palace Museum was established			Date of establishment: the 10th of October
	1925		Mass demonstration and strike in 上海 Shanghai	上海 Shanghai		May 30th See also 1919 CE
	1925		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Moscow Sun Yat-sen University began operations in Russia -- The concept of a 'nanometer' was first proposed

	1926
	1926		Birth of 江泽民 Jiang Zemin		中华人民共和国主席 President of the People's Republic of China (1993-2003)	中国共产党中央委员会总书记 General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
	1926		邓小平 Deng Xiaoping arrived in Moscow in early 1926
	1926		The Northern Expedition military campaign against warlords	began in 广东 Guangdong
	1926		End of the publication of 新青年 LA JEUNESSE The New Youth Magazine
	1926		大沽炮台 Dagu Forts bombed by Japanese	天津 Tianjin
	1926		Birth of 唐寰澄 Tang Huancheng		Bridge engineer and author	Book: 中国古代桥梁 'China's Ancient Bridges'
	1926		The Palais Oriental Theater / the Paris Theater made its debut	上海 Shanghai	Ding Runyang
	1926		Death of 张謇 Zhang Jian [jiǎn]			Modern Chinese industrialist, politician, educator, calligrapher, financier, philanthropist, one of the 江苏五才子 "Five Talents of Jiangsu
	1926		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Birth of Queen Elizabeth II Birth of Sir David Attenborough

	1927
	1927		April 12 Counter-revolutionary Coup 四一二反革命政变		Chiang Kai-shek 蔣介石 Jiang Jieshi (Kuomintang 中国国民党) Chen Duxiu 陈独秀 (Communist Party of China CPC 中国共产党)	Chiang Kai-shek 蔣介石 Jiang Jieshi (NRA commander-in-chief) NRA - National Revolutionary Army attacked Shanghai 上海.
	1927		The Nataionlist Party established its captial 南京 Nanjing	江苏 Jiangsu
	1927		中国人民解放军 The People's Liberation Army was founded
	1927		蔡元培 Cai Yuanpei's tenure as President of 北京大学 Peking University ended	北京 Beijing		known to have developed an "academic" and "liberal" style
	1927		Death of 康有为 Kang Youwei	青岛 Qingdao, 山东 Shandong	scholar of Confucian classics, Confucian intellectual, educator
	1927		Death of 杨闇公 Yang Angong		革命先驱 Revolutionary Pioneer / founder of 四川 Sichuan party
	1927		Death of 李大钊 Li Dazhao		revolutionary and co-founder of the 中国共产党 Communist Party of China	He served as professor and librarian at 北京大学 Beijing University starting 1918 CE played an important role in introducing 马克思主义 Marxism to Chinese intellectuals - including 毛泽东 Mao Zedong see 1893 CE
	1927		Death of 陈延年 Chen Yannian		Son of 陈独秀 Chen Duxiu
	1927		南昌起义 Nanchang Uprising
	1927		The first CPC-KMT united front ended
	1927		The Palais Oriental and Peacock Motion Picture Corporation (US) signed contract			earliest and largest Sino-US joint venture during this period
	1927		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- the most destructive flood in US history - The Great Mississippi Flood -- the British discovered oil reserves in large quantities- Kirkuk, Iraq

	1928					南京 Nanjing was capital
	1928		The Nationalist troops invaded 北京 Beijing
	1928		北平特别市 Beiping Special City, abbreviated as 北平 Beiping, was established	北京 Beijing	南京国民政府 the Nanjing Nationalist Government	北京 Beijing was no longer national capital
	1928		The 城子崖 Chengziya site was discovered to hold ancient remains	山东 Shandong	吴金鼎 Wu Jinding of the Institute of History and Language, Academia Sinica 中央研究院历史语言研究所
	1928		Excavations of the 小屯宫殿遗址 Xiaotun Palace Site of the 商代后期 late Shang Dynasty	河南 Henan		One of the main components of 殷墟 Yin Ruins
	1928		The Peninsula Hong Kong opened its doors
	1928		中国美术学院 China Academy of Art was founded	杭州 Hangzhou 浙江 Zhejiang
	1928		The 静生生物调查所 Jingsheng Institute of Biology / Fan Memorial Institute of Biology was founded			the predecessor of the Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences)
	1928		杨钟健 Yang Zhongjian returned to China and led the excavation work at 周口店 Zhoukoudian	周口店 Zhoukoudian is located in 房山区 Fangshan, near 北京 Beijing
	1928		Death of 陈乔年 Chen Qiaonian		Son of 陈独秀 Chen Duxiu
	1928		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin (antibiotics) -- John Von Neumann published his first paper on game theory

	1929
	1929		Fossilized skull of the Peking Man discovered in 周口店 Zhoukoudian	周口店 Zhoukoudian is located in 房山区 Fangshan, near 北京 Beijing		Peking Man lived 200,000 to 700,000 years ago
	1929		Deng Xiaoping 邓小平 was dispatched to Guangxi 广西
	1929		The Guangzhou Museum was established			Location: 越秀 Yuexiu Park in 广州 Guangzhou City
	1929		Death of 梁启超 Liang Qichao
	1929		Death of 潘达微 Pan Dawei		member of the 中国同盟会 Tongmenghui
	1929		Birth of Zheng Zhenxiang 郑振香		researcher at the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; co-authored 殷墟妇好墓 Yin Ruins - The Tomb of Fu Hao)	She presided over the excavation of the Tomb of 妇好 Fu Hao at the 殷墟 Yin Ruins, near 安阳市 Anyang in 河南 Henan
	1929		溥仪 Puyi - having become an ordinary citizen in 1924 - relocated to Tianjin & took the Jing Garden as his private residence		the last emperor
	1929		Death of 汪大燮 Wang Daxie		diplomat, politician, & prime minister of the Beiyang government	from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China period
	1929		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Wall Street crash -- 'Black Saturday' in Samoa (New Zealand) -- Joseph Stalin became ruler of Russia

	1930
	1930		威海卫 Weihaiwei returned to China			Weihaiwei 威海卫 became a "leased territory" of the United Kingdom in 1898
	1930		青岛花石楼 Qingdao Huashi Tower was built	山东 Shandong
	1930		Birth of 屠呦呦 Tu Youyou		Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine 2015
	1930		蔡元培 Cai Yuanpei's tenure as President of 中法大学 Sino French University ended
	1930		End of Reginald Johnston's appointment as Commissioner of Weihaiwei 威海卫		Reginald Johnston - Last 清 Qing Emperor's Western tutor	Reginald Johnston became the tutor in 1919
	1930		Birth of 袁隆平 Yuan Longping			Developer of hybrid rice varieties
	1930		Death of 杨开慧 Yang Kaihui		Wife of 毛泽东 Mao Zedong; Daughter of 杨昌济 Yang Changji	She was arrested but refused to withdraw from her party. She opposed the declaration of separation from 毛泽东 Mao Zedong and was subsequently killed.
	1930		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Russian Pavel Molchanov launched a radiosonde of his own design -- Pluto was discovered and declared

	1931
	1931		Invasion and occupation of Manchuria by the Japanese
	1931		The Sept 18th Incident			marked start of 14-year Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression
	1931		艾思奇 Ai Siqi returned to China from Japan
	1931		艾思奇 Ai Siqi published his Popular Philosophy
	1931		Start of the 抗日战争 War of Resistance against Japan
	1931		The Kingdom of Denmark established a consulate in 青岛 Qingdao	山东 Shandong
	1931		Yangtze-Huai River deadly floods
	1931		Death of 蔡和森 Cai Hesen		one of the leaders of the early CPC, an communist fighter, a proletarian revolutionist, theorist
	1931 　- 1932		Excavations conducted at the 城子崖 Chengziya site by the 中央研究院 Academia Sinica	Location: 章丘 Zhangqiu, 山东 Shandong		discovery of the 龙山文化 Longshan (neolithic) culture

	1932
	1932		陈独秀 Chen Duxiu was arrested by the government of the Shanghai International Settlement
	1932		The (puppet) regime Manchukuo 满洲国 (State of Manchukuo) was formed		Chief Executive: Aisin Gioro Puyi
	1932		Death of 刘天华 Liu Tianhua		Composer and Musician	Well known for his innovative work with the 二胡 erhu
	1932		Construction of the 公主楼 Princess Villa in 青岛 Qingdao began	山东 Shandong
	1932		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The LEGO Group was founded in Denmark

	1933
	1933		长城抗战 (抗日战争中的战役之一) Defense of the Great Wall War of Resistance against Japan
	1933		The novel 家 (translated as "Family") was published		Author: Ba Jin 巴金
	1933		A large ancient human skull was unearthed from the bed of 松花江 Songhua Jiang / River	黑龙江 Heilongjiang		Nicknamed "Dragon Man" it was buried to hide it from the Japanese Army and dug up again in 2018
	1933		Death of 赵纫兰 Zhao Renlan		Wife of 李大钊 Li Dazhao
	1933		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				--The British Air Ministry established a committee to develop a ray ('death ray') that could destroy German aircraft. (But instead, the RADAR was developed -- The Dai Ichi building was completed in Tokyo, Japan -- Bonnie & Clyde in their spree of crime (robberies and murders) -- Book Burning in Berlin
	1934
	1934		State of Manchuria became a constitutional monarchy and became known as Empire of Manchuria		Emperor Aisin Gioro Puyi
	1934		Start of the Long March in Jiangxi 江西			October
	1934		西北农林科技大学 Northwest A&F University established	陕西 Shaanxi
	1934		Publication of the book "Twilight in the Forbidden City"		author: Reginald Johnston	Last Qing 清 Emperor's Western tutor
	1934		The Joffre Arcade 霞飞市场, 飞龙大楼 was built	上海 Shanghai	architect: Boris Krivoss
	1934		A lecture hall was built at the top of 小鱼山 Xiaoyu Mountain in 青岛 Qingdao	山东 Shandong

	1935
	1935		End of the Long March at the Shaanxi - Gansu-Ningxia border area			a year later October (see 1934CE) near the endpoint of the Long March - 延安 Yan'an
	1935		The movie 风云儿女 "Heroes in an Era of Turbulence" was released			It featured 义勇军进行曲 The March of the Volunteers / the National Anthem of China
	1935		Earthquake in western 台湾Taiwan	>3000 people killed
	1935		萧红 Xiao Hong's literary work 生死场 (loosely translated as "Life & Death") was published	with support of 鲁迅 Lu Xun
	1935		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Work on Hoover Dam completed in the US

	1936
	1936		The 西安事变 Xi'an Incident		~ 蒋介石 Jiang Jieshi / Chiang Kai-shek ~ 张学良 Zhang Xueliang ~ 杨虎城 Yang Hucheng	After the incident, 蒋介石 Jiang Jieshi / Chiang Kai-shek aligned with the Communists against the Japanese.
	1936		The 东北抗日联军 Northeast Anti- Japanese Coalition Army established		~ 杨靖宇 Yang Jingyu one of the main founders
	1936		Start of the construction of the 醉酒湾防线 Gin Drinkers Line in 香港 Hong Kong			a British military defensive line against the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong
	1936		Death of 鲁迅 Lu Xun		鲁迅 Lu Xun - writer/poet	See 1924CE
	1936		赵纫兰 Zhao Renlan was posthumously recognised as 中国共产党党员 a member of the Communist Party of China			See 1933 CE
	1936		Death of 段祺瑞 Duan Qirui		Interim ruler and prime minister during the 北洋政府 Beiyang Government	See 1865 CE
	1936		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				- 1936 Berlin Olympics Games - live telecast - first time in sports history Jesse Owens trained in Germany - Start of the Spanish Civil War (ended 1939) - India's 1st National Park - Jim Corbett National Park - est'd

	1937
	1937		The 卢沟桥 Lugou Bridge Incident / Marco Polo Bridge Incident	北京 Beijing	China's National Revolutionary Army (NRA) Imperial Japanese Army	Many consider this incident the Start of the Second Sino-Japanese War
	1937		Start of the Second Sino-Japanese War			Also called the War of Resistance Against Japan

	1937		淞沪会战 Battle of Songhu			This was a war of resistance against aggression; and one of the bloodiest conflicts fought during the Japanese Invasion
	1937		The capital city of 南京 Nanjing fell to the Japanese invaders			The Nanjing Massacre or The Rape of Nanjing - December
	1937		Start of official relations between China and Iran			Ties between the two nations go back to the times of the Silk Road

	1937		香港理工大学 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University was founded	香港 Xianggang Hong Kong
	1937		Death of 袁嘉谷 Yuan Jiagu		University lecturer
	1937		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Toyota Motor Corporation was founded


	1938
	1938		War-induced flood caused by the breaking of the levees by Nationalist troops
	1938		Death of 曹锟 Cao Kun		the fifth president of the Republic of China	also known as the "保定王 King of Baoding" See also 1923 CE - 1924 CE
	1938 1938		蔡希陶 Cai Xitao set up the Yunnan Botany Research Institute 云南农林植物研究所昆明植物研究所 The Kunming Institute of Botany was founded
	1938		Completion of the construction of the 醉酒湾防线 Gin Drinkers Line in 香港 Hong Kong			a British military defensive line against the Japanese invasion of 香港 Xianggang Hong Kong
	1938		First dinosaur fossils from the Jurassic Era discovered in 禄丰县 Lufeng county in 云南 Yunnan		杨钟健 Yang Zhongjian	禄丰龙 Lufengosaurus is the name given to the dinosaur
	1938		广州战役 Japanese campaign on Guangzhou - The Battle of Guangzhou - Canton Operation	广东 Guangdong
	1938		广州失守 - The fall of Guangzhou	广东 Guangdong
	1938		Death of 张耀曾 Zhang Yaozeng		中华民国司法总长 The Chief Justice of the Republic of China
	1938		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- the first of the Jewish Kindertransport children evacuated from Nazi Germany arrived in Britain -- Dai-Ichi Seimei placed it offices in the Dai-Ichi building completed in 1933CE - the building was later used by Gen MacArthur as his HQ -- Discovery of nuclear fission in Germany

	1939
	1939		南昌会战 Battle of Nanchang		China and Japan
	1939		周谷城 Zhou Gucheng enthused over the imperial examination system that was established during the era of 杨坚 Yang Jian 隋文帝 Emperor Wen of Sui - one that was subject based		周谷城 Zhou Gucheng a well-known Chinese historian, educator, and social activist
	1939		Death of 徐世昌 Xu Shichang			lected as the President of the Republic of China by the National Assembly in 1918 CE
	1939		Death of 钱玄同 Qian Xuantong		author, linguist, professor of literature National Peking University
	1939		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Josep Broz Tito became Secretary General of the League of Communist of Yugoslavia -- The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact Germany and the Soviet Union

	1940
	1940		Birth of 李冠兴 Li Guanxing		Academician of 中国工程院 Chinese Academy of Engineering and nuclear material expert
	1940		Death of 蔡元培 Cai Yuanpei		President of 北京大学 Beijing University President of 中央研究院 Academia Sinica
	1940		Birth of 雷锋 Lei Feng		中国人民解放军战士 a soldier of the People's Liberation Army 共产主义战士 a communist fighter
	1940		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Mussolini declared war on Britain and France -- France fell to Germany

	1941
	1941		The CPC Central Committee designated July 1 as the anniversary date of the founding of the 中国共产党 Communist Party of China
	1941		Death of 谢晋元 Xie Jinyuan		Leader who commanded the "800 Heroes" who defended the Sihang Warehouse	淞沪会战 Battle of Songhu / Battle of Shanghai 1937CE
	1941		Japanese invasion of 香港 Hong Kong	Battle of Hong Kong		The British surrendered to the Japanese on Christmas Day
	1941		Renowned composer 冼星海 Xian Xinghai found his way to Almaty	Kazakhstan		was housed and given care by Kazakh composer Bakhitzhan Baykadamov
	1941		The Flying Tigers, officially known as the 1st American Volunteer Group (AVG), arrived in China
	1941		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Germany attacked Russia -- Start of the Great Patriotic War in Russia

	1942
	1942		Japanese troops invaded western 云南 Yunnan and 云南 Yunnan entered the frontline of the war
	1942		The Mid-Autumn Festival on September 24 coincides with the autumnal equinox
	1942		Death of 陈独秀 Chen Duxiu		Co-founder & General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
	1942		Birth of 胡锦涛 Hu Jintao		中华人民共和国主席 President of the People's Republic of China (2003-2013)	中国共产党中央委员会总书记 General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
	1942		Death of 萧红 Xiao Hong / 张秀环 Zhang Xiuhuan	modern Chinese woman writer		reputed to be a "Literary God of the 1930s"
	1942		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Battle of Midway

	1943
	1943		Establishment of The National Research Institute for Dunhuang Art
	1943		广州湾 Guangzhou Bay was occupied by the Japanese			Today, 广州湾 Guangzhou Bay in 广东 Guangdong is known as 湛江 Zhanjiang
	1943		Famine in 广东 Guangdong
	1943		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The first artificial neuron was first proposed by Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts

	1944
	1944		长衡会战 Battle of Changheng aka Battle of Changsha			Invasion of 湖南 Hunan by the Japanese
	1944		Birth of 任正非 Ren Zhengfei		Ren Zhengfei 任正非 - founder of Huawei 华为	Company base: Shenzhen 深圳
	1944		Death of 汪精卫 Wang Jingwei		Chinese politician and revolutionist against the Qing government	Close associate of Dr 孙中山 Dr Sun Zhongshan
	1944		The first 毛泽东选集 "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" was published
	1944		The first members of the Dixie Mission (The United States Army Observation Group) arrived in Yan'an			the first US effort to gather intelligence and establish relations with the Communist Party of China
	1944		The novella 洋铁桶的故事 (The Story of Yang Tietong) originally titled 抗日英雄洋铁桶 was published
	1944		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The book "Theory of Games and Economic Behavior" 博弈论与经济行为 by mathematician John von Neumann and economist Oskar Morgenstern was published -- The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established -- The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development soon called the World Bank was founded
	1945
	1945		End of 抗日战争 The War of Resistance against Japan
	1945		End of 天津租界 The Tianjin Concession
	1945		End of the Second Sino-Japanese War
	1945		广州湾 Guangzhou Bay returned to China and later renamed 湛江 Zhanjiang			湛江 Zhanjiang is located in 广东 Guangdong
	1945		毛泽东 Mao Zedong flew from 延安 Yan'an to 重庆 Chongqing to meet with 蒋介石 Jiang Jieshi / Chiang Kai-shek	重庆 Chongqing
	1945		Series of talks between the leader of the Nationalist party 蒋介石 Jiang Jieshi / Chiang Kai-shek and 毛泽东 Mao Zedong
	1945		The 双十协定 Double Tenth Agreement was signed
	1945		Eight Route Army and Fourth Army merged.			解放军 The People's Liberation Army became a million strong
	1945		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Battle of Okinawa between the US and Japan 200,000 Japanese killed - many of them children and civilians -- End of the Great Patriotic War in Russia -- The United Nations was founded
	1946
	1946		The first 政治协商会议 Political Consultative Conference was held in Chongqing	重庆 Chongqing
	1946		中华民国宪法 The Constitution of the Republic of China was ratified
	1946		The 国民政府 Nationalist Government was relocated to Nanjing
	1946		The 国民党 Kuomintang (KMT) broke / went against the 双十协定 Double Tenth Agreement			all out war resumed
	1946		The Democratic League and people from all walks of life launched the Ten Thousand Signature Movement in Kunming	云南 Yunnan
	1946		李公朴 Li Gongpu and his wife were assassinated by Nationalist Party secret agents in Kunming	云南 Yunnan
	1946		At a memorial service for 李公朴 Li Gongpu 闻一多 Wen Yiduo condemned the Kuomintang's act of assassination. He himself was also assassinated by Kuomintang spies later in the day		modern Chinese poet, scholar, and democratic warrior
	1946		张家口战役 The Battle of Zhangjiakou			晋察冀军区部队和晋绥军区部队 Jin Cha Ji Military Region and Jin Sui Military Region troops against the Nationalist Army
	1946		四平保卫战 Battle of Siping
	1946		胡适 Hu Shi served as the 京大学校长 President of Peking University	北京 Beijing		until 1948 CE
	1946		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Ho Chi Minh became President of Vietnam -- The term "automation" was coined around this period -- Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech ushered in The Cold War

	1947
	1947		中华民国宪法 The Constitution of the Republic of China was ratified
	1947		The CPC Communist Party of China evacuation from Yan'an
	1947		July - The PLA People's Liberation Army changed tactics from strategic defense to offense into KMT regions
	1947		新华银行 The Sin Hua Bank branch in 香港 Hong Kong was established
	1947		东方海外航运公司 (Orient Overseas Line） was established		董浩云（董兆荣） Dong Haoyun (Dong Zhaorong) C Y Tung
	1947		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- India gained Independence

	1948
	1948		唐寰澄 Tang Huancheng graduated from the 上海国立交通大学 Shanghai National Jiaotong University		Bridge engineer and author Book: 中国古代桥梁 'China's Ancient Bridges'	He then joined the Wuhan Branch of China Bridge Corporation and participated in the preliminary design of the 武汉长江大桥 Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge aka 万里长江第一桥 "First Bridge on the Yangtze River"
	1948		May - 中共中央 The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China moved to 河北 Hebei	河北 Hebei
	1948		The 国民党 KMT unilaterally called for the 国民大会 national assembly in 南京 Nanjing	江苏 Jiangsu
	1948		First presidential election of the 中华民国 ROC Republic of China			蒋介石 Jiang Jieshi / Chiang Kai-shek defeated 居正 Ju Zheng
	1948		蒋介石 Jiang Jieshi / Chiang Kai-shek elected as the first President of 中华民国 ROC Republic of China	江苏 Jiangsu
	1948		李宗仁 Li Zongren elected Vice President of 中华民国 ROC Republic of China
	1948		解放保定 Liberation of Baoding	河北 Hebei		Liberation Campaign (PLA People's Liberation Army against the Nationalist Army)
	1948		Fall of 济南 Jinan to the PLA Sep			Liberation Campaign (PLA People's Liberation Army against the Nationalist Army)
	1948		辽沈战役 The Liaoshen campaign Sep - Nov	辽宁 Liaoning Northeast China		Liberation Campaign (PLA People's Liberation Army against the Nationalist Army) 三大战役 One of the three major battles before the foundation of People's Republic of China
	1948		End of 胡适 Hu Shi's tenure as the 京大学校长 President of Peking University	北京 Beijing
	1948		Death of 冯玉祥 Feng Yuxiang		Commander-in-chief of the Northwest Army and the highest military and political leader during the Republic of China
	1948		Death of 吴金鼎 Wu Jinding		Archaeologist
	1948		淮海战役 The Huaihai campaign Nov - Jan 1949 Victory: PLA			Liberation Campaign (PLA People's Liberation Army against the Nationalist Army) 三大战役 One of the three major battles before the foundation of People's Republic of China
	1948		平津战役 The Pingjin campaign Nov - Jan 1949 Victory: PLA	河北 Hebei		Liberation Campaign (PLA People's Liberation Army against the Nationalist Army) 三大战役 One of the three major battles before the foundation of People's Republic of China
	1948		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The Apartheid (apart-ness) system legal racial segregation enforced in South Africa -- Burma (today Myanmar) gained independence from the British -- Claude Shannon first described the noisy-channel coding theorem

	1949
	1949		渡江战役 The Yangtze River Crossing campaign Apr - Jun			Liberation Campaign (PLA People's Liberation Army against the Nationalist Army)
	1949		The Fall of Nanjing - April

	1949		The poem 七律·人民解放军占领南京 "Seven Laws: The People's Liberation Army's Occupation of Nanjing" was composed by 毛泽东 Mao Zedong			钟山风雨起苍黄，百万雄师过大江。 Translated by Baidu as The wind and rain in Zhongshan turn pale yellow, and a million soldiers cross the river.
	1949		The People's Republic of China (PRC) 中华人民共和国 was established		毛泽东 Chairman Mao Zedong leader of the 共产党 Communist Party	The rule of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism overthrown
	1949		Beijing became the capital of China again - until today	北京 Beijing		1928 - 1949 Nanjing was the capital
	1949		周恩来 Zhou Enlai became Premier / Prime Minister of China
	1949		邓小平 Deng Xiaoping was put in charge of China's Southwest Bureau
	1949		The first planery session of the CPPCC met at 中南海 Zhongnanhai	北京 Beijing
	1949		The first plenary session of the 中国人民政治协商会议 Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference decided to establish a 人民英雄纪念碑 Monument to the People's Heroes	北京 Beijing		in memory of the people's heroes who sacrificed themselves in the People's Liberation War and the People's Revolution
	1949		Foundation of the 人民英雄纪念碑 Monument to the People's Heroes laid	北京 Beijing		See 1952 CE and 1958 CE
	1949		Hungary recognized the newly founded People's Republic of China and both countries then established diplomatic ties
	1949		上海外国语大学 The Shanghai International Studies University (SISU) was founded	上海 Shanghai
	1949		Death of 杨虎城 Yang Hucheng			中国国民党 Kuomintang general
						南京 Nanjing ended its run as capital
	1949		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Eastern Air Lines Flight 537 collided with a Lockheed P-38 - killing all on board -- Khait earthquake & landslide (Tajikistan today) -- NATO formed -- The Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (the Fourth Geneva Convention) was adopted

	1950
	1950		The Chinese people's Volunteers Army 中国人民志愿军 crossed the Yalu River 鸭绿江 to fight in the War to Resist US Aggression and to aid Korea.			The Yalu River 鸭绿江 separates Korea and China
	1950		西安 Xi'an was appointed as provincial capital of Shaanxi Province			During the 汉 Han Dynasty (206BCE-220CE) it was called 长安 Chang'an (perpetual peace) During the 明 Ming Dynasty (1368CE-1644CE): 西安 Xi'an (western peace)
	1950		考古研究所 The Institute of Archaeology was established			see 1977CE
	1950		India and China established diplomatic relations
	1950		The Vietnam-China Friendship Association was established
	1950		Birth of 张艺谋 Zhang Yimou		a renowned "5th Generation" director
	1950		Discovery of 郑州商代遗址 the 商 Shang Dynasty site in 郑州 Zhengzhou	河南 Henan
	1950		蔡希陶 Cai Xitao in charge of Kunming Institute of Botany 昆明植物研究所
	1950		Puyi 溥仪 was sent to the Fushun War Criminals Management Centre			Fushun 抚顺 is today a perfecture level city in the Province of Liaoning 辽宁
	1950		The Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology was founded
	1950		海南岛战役 The Battle of Hainan Island	海南 Hainan
	1950		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Start of The Korean War (North Korea - supported by China and Russia) (South Korea - supported by the United States of America) -- Air India Flight 245 crashed into Mount Blanc -- The Population Registration Act (1950) classified every South African by race. -- Diners Club was founded --Addis Ababa University was founded -- Discovery of the Ishango Bone in the Democratic Republic of Congo (possibly the oldest math artifact ~20,000 years old)

	1951
	1951		中央人民政府和西藏地方政府关于和平解放西藏办法的协议 Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet
	1951		Pakistan established formal diplomatic ties with the PRC
	1951		China started manufacturing motorcycles
	1951		云南省博物馆 The Yunnan Provincial Museum was founded	云南 Yunnan		云南省博物馆 The Yunnan Provincial Museum is located in the capital 昆明 Kunming
	1951		The Document Information Center established in 1950 was officially named 中国科学院文献情报中心(国家科学图书馆) National Science Library， Chinese Academy of Sciences
	1951		US Prof of Geography Herold J. Wiens tabulated the Han-Chinese Population in Southeast Asia for this year in his book "Han Chinese Expansion in South China"
	1951		The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) enrolled the first group of students
	1951		成都天府广场 Chengdu Tianfu Square was built
	1951		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The Ferranti Mark 1 (among the world's first commercial computers) was produced in Britain -- Strukli was first prepared at the Esplanade Hotel in Zagreb, Croatia -- 1kilton nuclear bomb dropped northwest of Las Vegas -- 1st thermonuclear weapon tested in the Marshall Islands

	1952
	1952		邓小平 Deng Xiaoping appointed vice- premier in the central government
	1952		The 三反 "3 Anti's" (anti-corruption, anti-waste, anti-bureaucracy) and the 五反 "5 Anti's / "5 Oppositons" campaigns were launched
	1952		Construction of the 佛子岭水库 Fuziling Reservoir/ Hydroelectric Power Station began			Location: 淮河 Huaihe River
	1952		Kweichow Moutai was founded	贵州 Guizhou		China's leading liquor maker
	1952		Preparations for the construction of the 718 United Factory began	北京 Beijing
	1952		台北和约 Treaty of Taipei	台湾 Taiwan
	1952		Construction of the 人民英雄纪念碑 Monument to the People's Heroes began	北京 Beijing		in memory of the people's heroes who sacrificed themselves in the People's Liberation War and the People's Revolution
	1952		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The Great Smog of London

	1953
	1953		邓小平 Deng Xiaoping served for a year as Finance Minister			at that time, China was building its socialist economic structure
	1953		The Banpo 半坡 archaeological site of the neolithic 仰韶 Yangshao culture was unearthed
	1953		上海市机电设计研究院（SIMEE) Shanghai Mechanical and Electrical Design Institute was established
	1953		The 金城战役 Jincheng Campaign aka The Battle of Kumsong - one of the last battles of the Korean War			The Chinese people's Volunteer Army went from defensive to offensive in the Korean War - Chinese victory
	1953		A remnant of the 国民党 Kuomintang (KMT) army made part of Northern Myanmar as a base
	1953		Death of 吴稚晖 Wu Zhihui	台湾 Taiwan	one of 国民党 Guomintang (KMT)'s "Four Elder Statesmen"
	1953		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				End of The Korean War

	1954
	1954		The first session of the First 全国人民代表大会 National People's Congress was held
	1954		Official excavation work on the 半坡 Banpo archaeological site of the neolithic 仰韶 Yangshao culture began	陕西 Shaanxi
	1954		The PLA Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps was established
	1954		The movie 渡江侦察记 Reconnaissance Across The Yangtze River was released
	1954		Visit by Prime Minister U Nu (Myanmar)
	1954		Construction of the 佛子岭水库 Fuziling Reservoir/ Hydroelectric Power Station completed			Location: 淮河Huaihe River
	1954		Death of 唐文治 Tang Wenzhi		educator, writer & master of Chinese studies
	1954		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The Castle Bravo high-yield thermonuclear weapon test caused widespread radioactive contamination in the Pacific -- 1954-1955 Publication of "The Lord of the Rings" JRR Tolkien

	1955
	1955		China and Nepal formalized relations
	1955		Establishment of bilateral relations between China and the Republic of Serbia
	1955		Meeting between President Nasser of Egypt and Premier 周恩来 Zhou Enlai
	1955		48 tombs and many Bronze age artifacts uncovered in 昆明 Kunming,	云南 Yunnan
	1955		Construction of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge 武汉长江大桥			万里长江第一桥 "First Bridge on the Yangtze River"
	1955		The 西郊公园 Western Suburb Park was officially renamed as 北京动物园 "Beijing Zoo"	北京 Beijing
	1955		Birth of 张国立 Zhang Guoli		host, actor, director, producer	Host of the acclaimed documentary, 国家宝藏 National Treasures
	1955		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Start of the Vietnam War -- Graham Greene's "The Quiet American" was published -- The airport in Kathmandu was inaugurated by King Mahendra & renamed Tribhuvan Airport (renamed Tribhuvan International Airport in 1964)

	1956
	1956		简化字总表 ("General Table of Simplified Characters") was adopted
	1956		Formal diplomatic relations bet Egypt and China established	see 1955 CE
	1956		邓小平 Deng Xiaoping made Secretary General of the Communist Party
	1956		China's first nature reserve - The 鼎湖山 Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve was established	province: 广东 Guangdong
	1956		Visit by Prime Minister U Nu (Myanmar)
	1956		The Jiafang automobile 解放牌汽车 was first trial-produced.			It was made in the First Automobile Manufacturing Plant 长春第一汽车制造厂 (now China FAW Group) in Changchun (Jilin 吉林 Province)
	1956		北京中医药大学 The Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM) was founded	北京 Beijing
	1956		Diplomatic relations between Syria & China established
	1956		中国科学院计算技术研究所 The Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) was founded	北京 Beijing
	1956		Maiden flight of the first-generation jet fighter J-5 independently produced by China
	1956		The Bibliotheca Zi-Ka-Wei and its building were merged into the Shanghai Library system
	1956		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Battle of Algiers -- The movie The Ten Commandments was released -- Oil was first discovered in Nigeria (Oloibiri) -- British, French and Israeli governments withdrew their troops and Egypt emerged victorious in the Suez Crisis -- The Minamata disease / epidemic caused by industrial pollution was first reported -- The term "artificial intelligence" was coined at Dartmouth College, US

	1957
	1957		Chairman Mao Zedong 毛泽东 and Deng Xiaoping 邓小平 traveled to Moscow
	1957		Chairman Mao Zedong 毛泽东 composed the poem 蝶恋花. 答李淑一 The Immortals - Reply to 李淑一 Li Shuyi			The poem also commemorates his wife 杨开慧 Yang Kaihui - the poplar tree 杨 alludes to 杨开慧 Yang Kaihui and - the willow 柳 alludes to 柳直荀 Liu Zhixun; husband of 李淑一 Li Shuyi
	1957		China and Sri Lanka established diplomatic relations
	1957		Excavation work on the Banpo 半坡 archaeological site of the neolithic Yangshao 仰韶 culture (that started in 1954) completed	陕西 Shaanxi
	1957		The book 中国古代桥梁 'China's Ancient Bridges' was published		Author: 唐寰澄 Tang Huancheng
	1957		The Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge 武汉长江大桥 was commissioned			万里长江第一桥 "First Bridge on the Yangtze River"
	1957		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- First satellite launched by the Russians -- Malaya (today Malaysia) gained independence from the British Empire -- The Joseph Stalin Museum in Gori, Georgia was opened


	1958
	1958		Construction of the 人民英雄纪念碑 Monument to the People's Heroes was completed and it was unvieled	北京 Beijing		in memory of the people's heroes who sacrificed themselves in the People's Liberation War and the People's Revolution See 1949 CE and 1952 CE
	1958		中国医学科学院医学生物学研究所 The Institute of Medical Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Science was founded
	1958		中国科学技术大学 The University Of Science And Technology of China was founded
	1958		大跃进 The Great Leap Forward			until 1960 / 2
	1958		酒泉卫星发射中心 Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre was established and opened	甘肃 Gansu
	1958		Preliminary research plan for a satellite (东方红一号 Dongfanghong-1) launch
	1958		北京按摩医院 Beijing Massage Hospital was established	北京 Beijing
	1958		Birth of 杨丽萍 Yang Liping		杨丽萍 Yang Liping Dancer, Choreographer, Artist
	1958		The novel 家 (Family) was translated to English		Translator: Sidney Shapiro
	1958		The Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry was founded
	1958		Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine was founded
	1958		China's first independently developed sedan “Jinggangshan” was born
	1958		The 常州博物馆 Changzhou Museum was established			Houses relics from the 马家浜文化 Majiabang Neolithic cultural period. 常州 Changzhou is a city in 江苏 Jiangsu
	1958		The 半坡博物馆 Banpo Museum opened Banpo半坡	陕西 Shaanxi
	1958		中国科学技术大学 The University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) was set up by the by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)	安徽 Anhui
	1958		The diplomatic relations between Cambodia and China were officially established
	1958		China established diplomatic ties with the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic			China was the first non-Arab country to recognize this government
	1958		Death of 王宠惠 Wang Chonghui		Jurist / Lawyer during the Republic of China
	1958		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Sputnik 3 was launched by the Soviet Union -- Catalhoyuk site was unearthed - James Mellaart -- The Smithsonian started housing the Hope Diamond -- The Pokhara Airport in Nepal was commissioned -- NASA was established -- Boeing 707 entered commercial service

	1959
	1959		The 中华门 Zhonghua Gate was demolished	北京 Beijing		See also 1417 CE, 1644 CE, 1912 CE, 1976 CE
	1959		Historian Xu Xusheng 徐旭生 set out to 河南 Henan and 山西 Shanxi to conduct field archaeology on the 夏文化 Xia culture		Xu Xusheng 徐旭生 - historian & political activist (He was 71.)	This is the first time field archeology is carried out on the Xia culture 夏文化.	is
	1959		北京工人体育场 The Beijing Workers' Stadium was completed	北京 Beijing
	1959		Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 was established	云南 Yunnan		largest tropical botanical garden in China world class garden with 13000 species of plants >260 species of birds
	1959		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				--The world's first hovercraft SR N1 was launched in Britain -- The US redefined the foot - it became 0.3048m -- The term "machine learning" was coined -- FISU World University Games (Summer) inaugurated

	1960
	1960		Premier 周恩来 Zhou Enlai visited Myanmar		accompanied by Vice Premier / Foreign Minister 陈毅 Chen Yi
	1960		China successfully launched a 近程导弹 short-range missile
	1960		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Ghana declared a republic - the official name of the West African nation is the Republic of Ghana -- -- FISU World University Games (Winter) inaugurated

	1961
	1961		Establishment of China-Laos diplomatic relations
	1961		The Sino-North Korean Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty was signed		周恩来 Zhou Enlai and Kim Il-sung
	1961		The WWF was founded and the panda has been their logo since then
	1961		Premier 周恩来 Zhou Enlai visited Myanmar		accompanied by Vice Premier / Foreign Minister 陈毅 Chen Yi
	1961		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- His Excellency U Thant (born in British India, today Myanmar) assumed the office of Secretary-General of the UN -- Yuri Gagarin awarded the Order of Lenin & a Gold Star medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union for becoming the first man in space -- The U.S. military sprayed a range of herbicides across Vietnam

	1962
	1962		十二木卡姆 The "Twelve Muqams" was published			木卡姆 Muqams - melody type used in the music of Xinjiang
	1962		Official completion of Nanning Wuxu International Airport 南宁吴圩国际机场			南宁 Nanning is the capital of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 广西壮族自治区 in Southern China
	1962		Death of 胡适 Hu Shi		author, philosopher, diplomat	contributed to language reform
	1962		Death of 雷锋 Lei Feng		中国人民解放军战士 a soldier of the People's Liberation Army 共产主义战士 a communist fighter
	1962		Birth of 章宗祥 Zhang Zongxiang			regarded as a traitor due to his betrayal of national sovereignty, borrowing heavily from Japan, and signing numerous treaties that harmed China's rights and national dignity
	1962		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Algeria gained independence from France -- Computer-based space combat video game Spacewar! was invented in MIT

	1963
	1963		China started providing medical assistance in Africa
	1963		The first Chinese medical team arrived in Algeria
	1963		Diplomatic ties between China and Kenya established
	1963		中巴边界协定 The Sino-Pakistan Boundary Agreement or Sino-Pakistan Frontier Agreement was signed
	1963		The Republic of Burundi and China established diplomatic relations
	1963		China's official conservation efforts of the panda began
	1963		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- President John F. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald -- Bombings and riots in Birmingham, Alabama, USA -- The M16 rifles (designed in 1959) were mass produced (till today) -- The Ministry of Health of the Lao People's Democratic Republic founded the Centre for Medical Rehabilitation (then the National Rehabilitation Centre) to provide and coordinate rehabilitation services

	1964

	1964		France and China established diplomatic relations
	1964		China extended diplomatic ties with Tanzania			Tanganyika and Zanzibar united and became Tanzania
	1964		国防部五院一分院 The First Branch of the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense renamed 第七机械工业部第一研究院 the First Research Institute of the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry			research work on rockets
	1964		China successfully launched 中近程导弹 medium and short-range missiles
	1964		Shooting of the movie 舞台姐妹 Stage Sisters began
	1964		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The US began bombing Laos -- Start of the Colombian Conflict -- Liquid-crystal display (LCD) was invented at RCA Laboratories in Princeton, NJ. -- a human coronavirus was first seen and a photo taken -- opening of the New Tokkaido line in Japan

	1965
	1965		元谋人 Fossils of Yuanmao Man discovered in 元谋县 Yuanmao County	云南 Yunnan SEE 1973		Homo erectus yuanmouensis has been dated to 1.7 million years old	-- two battalions of about 3500 Marines became the first American combat troops deployed to Vietnam
	1965		Decision made to develop and launch artificial Earth satellites, codenamed "651"
	1965		Design of launch vehicle of satellite assigned to 上海机电设计院 Shanghai Mechanical and Electrical Design Institute
	1965		Birth of 杨利伟 Yang Liwei		First person sent to space by the 国家航天局 China National Space Administration
	1965		Death of 李根源 Li Genyuan		Veteran, general, and patriot of the 中国国民党 Kuomintang
	1965		Discovery of The Sword of Goujian 越王勾践剑	湖北 Hubei
	1965		The film 舞台姐妹 Stage Sisters was released	上海 Shanghai
	1965		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- massacre in Indonesia -- second coup by Mobutu in Congo -- PepsiCo owned Frito-Lay through a strategic acquisition

	1966
	1966		毛泽东 Chairman Mao Zedong swam in the 长江 Changjiang at the age of 73			Among others, the event signified the ability to combat "great wind and great waves"	-- In the US, inflation grew partly resulting from the funding of the Vietnam War Race riots continued to increase.
	1966		文化大革命 The Cultural Revolution
	1966		China's first artificial Earth satellite was named 东方红一号 Dongfanghong-1, and the carrier rocket was officially named 长征一号 Long March-1 (code name: CZ-1)
	1966		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Air India Flight 101 crashed into Mount Blanc

	1967
	1967		China, Tanzania and Zambia signed an agreement in Beijing on building the TAZARA			The Tanzania-Zambia Railway
	1967		上海人民公社 The Shanghai People's Commune was formed
	1967		China announced successful hydrogen bomb test			China became 4th thermonuclear power after the US, Russia and the United Kingdom
	1967		China and Indonesia 印度尼西亚 suspended diplomatic relationship			1967 - President Suharto came to power
	1967		Death of 溥仪 Puyi
	1967		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- ASEAN was formed -- The Six-Day War in Golan Heights -- Construction of Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant began (with technology transfer from the US) -- The World Intellectual Property Organization was founded
	1968
	1968		The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge 南京长江大桥 opened to traffic - railway and road	江苏 Jiangsu		first domestically designed modern bridge over the 长江 Changjiang (Yangtze)
	1968		Death of 高一涵 Gao Yihan		adovcate of the May 4 Movement & New Culture Movement, political scientist
	1968		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				Completion of Patuxai in Vientiane, Laos - built in memory of soldiers killed during WWII and war of Independence from France

	1969
	1969		邓小平 Deng Xiaoping started 3 1/2 years stint in the countryside			1969 - 1973
	1969		Yangjiang Earthquake			阳江 Yangjiang is a city in the province of 广东 Guangdong
	1969		Multinational electronics company, Hisense was founded	青岛 Qingdao 山东 Shandong
	1969		Completion of the 长征一号 Long March-1 carrier rocket test drive
	1969		东方海外航运公司 Orient Overseas Line was re-named 东方海外货柜航运公司 Orient Overseas Container Line
	1969		Bohai Earthquake			Epicenter: 渤海 Bohai Sea off the province of 山东 Shandong
	1969		China began receiving, processing and using foreign meteorological satellite data
	1969		Birth of 雷军 Lei Jun		Founder of 小米 Xiaomi
	1969		Death of 熊庆来 Xiong Qinglai		Mathematician
	1969		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Death of Ho Chi Minh -- Apollo-11 Lunar Module Eagle landed on the Moon -- Santa Barbara oil spill in the US -- the first Concorde flight

	1970
	1970		Launch of Dongfanghong-1 东方红一号	China's first space satellite		Satellite was carried by the rocket Long March 1 长征一号; launched at the 酒泉卫星发射中心 Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center JSLC
	1970		China and Ethiopia established diplomatic relations
	1970		Official diplomatic relations between China and Canada established
	1970		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The 1st Earth Day was celebrated by 20 million people across the world -- Airbus was founded in Blagnac, France -- Melbourne West Gate Bridge disaster

	1971
	1971		China regained its lawful seat in the United Nations
	1971		Diplomatic ties between 土耳其 Turkey and China established
	1971		China and Canada exchanged ambassadors
	1971		Birth of 马化腾 Ma Huateng		Key founder of 腾讯 Tencent
	1971		Birth of 韩红 Han Hong		Singer born in 西藏 Xizang/Tibet	One of her well known songs is 天亮了 Daybreak / A New Day Has Come
	1971		Rwanda and China established diplomatic ties
	1971		China and the Republic of Austria established diplomatic relations.
	1971		China's first 20,000-ton freighter / cargo ship 长风"Changfeng" was launched.
	1971		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The US government stopped using Agent Orange in the decade long chemical war against Vietnam/Laos/Cambodia -- Five Power Defence Arrangement (FPDA) was signed

	1972
	1972		Visit of President Richard Nixon			Nixon was received by Premier 周恩来 Zhou Enlai
	1972		the Shanghai Communique was signed			Joint Communique of the United States of America and the People's Republic of China
	1972		China first ordered the Boeing 707 s
	1972		马王堆 The Mawangdui Han Dynasty 汉代 archaeological site was unearthed			马王堆 Mawangdui is located in 长沙 Changsha in 湖南 Hunan
	1972		A bull tiger bronze rectangular stand for supporting wine vessels 牛虎铜案 was discovered in 江川县 Jiangchuan County, 云南Yunnan			representative of the 滇文化 Dian Culture
	1972		李家山古墓群 Lijiashan Ancient Tombs were excavated	27 tombs 1300 relics		Location: 江川县 Jiangchuan County, 云南 Yunnan
	1972		Mexico and China established diplomatic ties
	1972		Australia and China established diplomatic relations
	1972		New Zealand and China established diplomatic relations
	1972		Argentina and China established diplomatic relations
	1972		Japan and China established diplomatic relations			"cut ties with 台湾 Taiwan"
	1972		Germany and China established diplomatic ties
	1972		China and the UK agreed to establish full diplomatic ties with the exchange of Ambassadors
	1972		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				- British motorcycle company BSA became defunct - The US dropped 20000 tons bombs on North Vietnam (Hanoi) - The Watergate scandal - the kebaya became SIA (Singapore Airlines)'s uniform -- 保护世界文化和自然遗产公约 the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage was adopted by UNESCO -- >4000-year-old city discovered by Russian and Greek archaeologists in Turkmenistan

	1973
	1973		Incissor fossils of 元谋人 Yuanmou Man (Homo erectus) determined to belong to young male	SEE 1965
	1973		Beijing Automotive Industry Corporation (predecessor of BAIC Group) was formally established.
	1973		Typhoon Nora hit 台湾 Taiwan
	1973		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Chisso Corporation agreed to fully reimburse victims of the Minamata disease (caused by industrial waste) - epidemic first reported in 1956

	1974
	1974		Discovery of the 兵马俑 The Terracotta Army
	1974		China and Brazil officially established diplomatic relations
	1974		Diplomatic ties between China and Malaysia 马来西亚 established

	1974		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				- Cyclone Tracy destroyed a large part of Darwin, Australia - Completion of the construction of the Warsaw Radio Mast - The Association for Philippines-China Understanding (APCU) was est'd

	1975
	1975		横店集团 The Hengdian Group was set up			electronic and electrical, medical and health, film and television cultural tourism, modern services
	1975		北京猛虎棒球队 The Beijing Tigers Baseball Team was established
	1975		Diplomatic ties between China and Thailand 泰国 established
	1975		The Yunmeng Bamboo Slips of Qin Dynasty 云梦秦简 were unearthed			Location: Shuihudi Qin Tomb in Yunmeng County, Hubei 湖北省云梦县睡虎地秦墓. They are now housed in the Hubei Provincial Museum 湖北省博物馆.
	1975		Diplomatic ties between Botswana and China established
	1975		Diplomatic ties between the Philippines and China established
	1975		China and Bangladesh formally established diplomatic relations
	1975		杨钟健 Yang Zhongjian went to the dinosaur fossil site at 四川自贡 Zigong, Sichuan	四川 Sichuan
	1975		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Actress/Activist Jane Fonda sued the US government for violation of her civil rights -- End of Vietnam War (started 1955CE) and Saigon renamed Ho Chi Minh City -- The abolition of the monarchy in Ethiopia -- G7 formed --the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage took effect (see 1972CE) -- The 清水岩庙 Chin Swee Temple Society in Malaysia was established by 林梧桐 Lin Wutong / Lim Goh Tong and some members of the 安溪 Anxi clan from 福建 Fujian
						-
	1976
	1976		Death of 毛泽东 Mao Zedong
	1976		The 毛主席纪念堂 Mao Zedong Memorial Hall was built on the original site of the 中华门 Zhonghua Gate	北京 Beijing		See also 1417 CE, 1644 CE, 1912 CE, 1959 CE
	1976		Death of 周恩来 Zhou Enlai		A great proletarian revolutionary one of the main founders of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the founding father of the People's Republic of China	Born: 1898 CE See also 1921 CE
	1976		Death of 徐旭生 Xu Xusheng		historian and political activist
	1976		唐山 Tangshan earthquake	about 110 km east of 北京 Beijing
	1976		Dai Yingxin 戴应新 investigated the Neolithic site of Shimao 石峁遗址 in Shanxi Province 山西.		Dai Yingxin 戴应新 - professor of the Department of Archaeology of the Northwest University	The Shimao 石峁遗址 is dated to around 2000 BCE - around the end of the Longshan 龙山 period
	1976		An owl-shaped wine vessel 鸮尊 from the 商 Shang Dynasty unearthed in 安阳市 Anyang in 河南 Henan	Called the Fu Hao Owl- shaped vessel 妇好鸮尊 it is housed in Henan Museum 河南博物院		Owls 鸮 were revered as War Gods during the 商Shang Dynasty The bronze owl-shaped vessel is believed to be owned by 妇好Fu Hao.
	1976		西周利簋 The Western Zhou Li Gui a sacrificial vessel was unearthed in 零口镇 Lingkou Town, 临潼县 Lintong County, 陕西 Shaanxi Province			The 利簋 Li Gui is a bronze ware of the early 西周Western Zhou Dynasty. The bronze used was melted down from 商Shang weapons.
	1976		Visit of Singapore Prime Minister 李光耀 Li Guangyao/Lee Kuan Yew
	1976		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				The Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) emerged

	1977
	1977		中国社会科学院 The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences CASS was established
	1977		考古研究所 The Institute of Archaeology became part of 中国社会科学院 The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, CASS 中国社会科学院考古研究所
	1977		The Beijing Symphony Orchestra 北京交响乐团 was founded
	1977		China began developing the 风云气象卫星 Feng Yun geostationary meteorological satellite program (abbr "FY")
	1977		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- US NASA launched the space probe Voyager 1 (now the furthest object constructed by humans away from us) -- Roots was aired (the most-watched miniseries in the US) -- The US military burned 1.4mil gallons of Agent Orange off Johnston Atoll (South Pacific)

	1978
	1978		邓小平 Deng Xiaoping became paramount leader of the People's Republic of China 改革开放 Chinese Economic Reform and Opening to the World		邓小平 Deng Xiaoping paramount leader of the People's Republic of China
	1978		The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held			marked a new era in the development of the cause of the 人民政协事业 People's Political Consultative Conference
	1978		Official visit of 邓小平 Deng Xiaoping to Singapore			President Xi Jinping described the visit as to have 'ushered in a new era for friendly relations and cooperation between China and Singapore'.
	1978		The Sultanate of Oman and China established diplomatic relations
	1978		The US and China issued the Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations
	1978		Celadon figurine with chicken body and human head found during excavation of the Tang-Tibet Ancient Road	Location: 重庆 Chongqing
	1978		春秋云纹铜禁 Spring & Autumn period bronze jin with cloud design unearthed	Location: 淅川 Xichuan, 河南 Henan		Discovered in the 2nd Tomb of 楚 Chu (Later Period of the 楚 Chu Kingdom)
	1978		The Bianzhong 编钟/Chime bells of the Marquis Yi of Zeng State 曾侯乙编钟 were unearthed	Location: Sui County 随县, Suizhou 随州 city in Hubei 湖北		See Year 433BCE
	1978		The Graduate School of CAS (GSCAS) was founded CAS - Chinese Academy of Sciences
	1978		杨钟健 Yang Zhongjian made his last geological trip (at age 81)
	1978		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro (then former Prime Minister of Italy)

	1979
	1979		China and the United States officially established diplomatic relations			The treaties signed by the United States and the Chiang Kai-shek regime were annulled
	1979		长白山 Changbai Mountain was designated as an International Biosphere Protection Zone by UNESCO	mountain range between 吉林 Jilin and North Korea
	1979		袁隆平 Yuan Longping's technique for growing hybrid rice was introduced to the US		袁隆平 Yuan Longping - agronomist who developed first hybrid rice varieties
	1979		Death of 杨钟健 Yang Zhongjian	founder of paleontological research in China	paleontologist instrumental in the discovery of dinosaurs in China	see 1938 CE
	1979		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The country The Republic of Kiribati gained its independence from the United Kingdom -- The Skylab space station came plummeting back to Earth over Western Australia -- The Iranian army surrendered to Islamic revolutionaries in Qom

	1980
	1980		邓小平 Deng Xiaoping named Shenzhen 深圳 among the first four 经济特区 Special Economic Zones (SEZ)
	1980		China competed in its first Winter Olympics Games			Venue: Lake Placid, New York
	1980		The hit historical/fiction TV series 上海滩 The Bund (set in 上海 Shanghai) premiered in 香港 HongKong	香港 HongKong
	1980		Birth of 谢霆锋 Xie Tingfeng aka Nicholas Tse	香港 HongKong	multi-talented celebrity	chef, singer-songwriter, chef, actor
	1980		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Eruption of Mount St. Helens -- Gwangju Uprising in South Korea (Est. 2000 casualties) -- Coca-cola changed from cane sugar to high fructose corn syrup

	1981
	1981		Policy of 五讲四美三热爱 Five Emphases (Disciplines), Four Beauties (Graces) and Three Loves
	1981		Commencement of the reconstruction of the 黄鹤楼 Yellow Crane Tower	武汉 Wuhan		武汉 Wuhan is the capital city of the Hubei 湖北 Province
	1981 - 1993		TTK Home Appliances (Huizhou) Co., Ltd. was founded TCL Communication Equipment Co., Ltd. established The TCL brand was officially launched TCL科技集团股份有限公司	广东 Guangdong
	1981		中国国家女子排球队 The China Women's National Volleyball team won their first World Cup Gold Medal			Location: Osaka, Japan
	1981		中国日报 China Daily was founded
	1981		Pepsico entered the Chinese market
	1981		Coca-Cola set up its first bottling plant in China
	1981		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Francois Mitterrand became President of France -- Indiana Jones franchise started -- Kakadu National Park first inscribed on the World Heritage List -- Hyatt Regency walkway collapse - over 110 deaths -- “Voluntary Export Restraint” (VER) imposed on Japan


	1982		China advanced six basic principles and four major steps for disarmament at the Second Special UN General Assembly on Disarmament
	1982		The China Women's National Volleyball team 中国国家女子排球队 won their first World Championship Gold Medal			Location: Peru
	1982		The 黄山 Huangshan Scenic Area was approved by the State Council of the People's Republic of China	安徽 Anhui
	1982		The gold slip for absolving sins by Wu Zetian 武则天 was discovered	Mount Songshanin Dengfeng County Henan		see 700CE
	1982		Deng Xiaoping 邓小平 was reported to say that "Problems in Afghanistan are of global strategic significance."
	1982		The State Council listed the Lijiang River Scenic Zone at Guilin among the first group of the major places of scenic and historic interest	广西 Guangxi


	1983		Ivory Coast and China established diplomatic relations

	1983		银河 -1号 Yinhe-1 (Galaxy), China's 1st supercomputer with 100mln+ operations per second, was developed			It was successfully developed by the Institute of Computer Science and Technology of National Defense University in Changsha.
	1983		Construction of the 陕西历史博物馆 Shaanxi History Museum			The Shaanxi History Museum is located in the northwest of the 西安 Xian 大雁塔 Wild Goose Pagoda
	1983		Discovery of the tomb of Zhao Mo 趙昩 the 2nd Nanyue King 南越王)		Zhao Mo 趙昩 - second ruler of the Southern Yue Kingdom. He was the grandson of General Zhao Tuo 趙佗 of the Qin 秦 Dynasty	The tomb is now part of the Museum of the Nanyue King of Western Han Dynasty in Guangzhou 广州 See also the year 124BCE
	1983		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- US invasion of Grenada -- PepsiCo and Michael Jackson signed a celebrity endorsement deal - the biggest at that time (integrated marketing campaign)

	1984
	1984		长城汽车 Great Wall Motors GMW was founded	河北 Hebei		Headquarters: 保定 Baoding City in 河北 Hebei The company started with the production of trucks
	1984		联想集团 The Lenovo Group was founded		柳传志 Liu Chuanzhi
	1984		马化腾 Ma Huateng and his parents moved from 海南 Hainan to 深圳 Shenzhen	深圳 Shenzhen
	1984		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The first maglev people mover to start operation was officially opened at the Birmingham Airport in England

	1985
	1985		Completion of the reconstruction of the Yellow Crane Tower 黄鹤楼 in 武汉 Wuhan	湖北 Hubei		武汉 Wuhan is the capital city of the 湖北 Hubei Province
	1985		Completion of the construction of the Statue of Zheng Chenggong 郑成功 on the island of 鼓浪屿 Gulangyu - a World Heritage Site.		郑成功 Zheng Chenggong and his troops drove the Dutch colonialists out from the island of 台湾 Taiwan in 1662.
	1985		The educational program "Inland Tibetan Schools & Classes" was set up			designed to provide excellent students in Xizang to get the best educational resources in cities across China
	1985		中国新疆航空公司 China Xinjiang Airlines was established - Headquarters 乌鲁木齐 Urumqi ئۈرۈمچى‎‎
	1985		The Youth Science Fund 青年科学基金 was set up by The Chinese Academy of Sciences			set up to fund scientific and technological innovations targeted a those under the age of 35
	1985		A bull bronze sculpture taken/stolen from the 圆明园 Old Summer Palace during the pillaging & burning by British and French armies was auctioned off at USD1500	see also 1860CE, 2009CE and 2013CE
	1985		Joint efforts brought back 22 麋鹿 Milu deer to China to rebuild its population
	1985		The Yuanmou People's Exhibition Hall was founded	云南 Yunnan		Yuanmou Ape Man Museum 元謀猿人博物館
	1985		上海航空股份有限公司 Shanghai Airlines established	上海 Shanghai
	1985		Formation of 中国纺织大学 China Textile University			See 1912 CE
	1985		China joined the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage
	1985		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				--Live Aid - benefit concert -- Air India bombing - off West Cork, Ireland

	1986
	1986		HM Queen Elizabeth II visited China and met with Deng Xiaoping 邓小平
	1986		梵净山 Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve	贵州 Guizhou
	1986		杨丽萍 Yang Liping achieved fame with her 雀之灵 "Spirit of Peacock" dance		杨丽萍 Yang Liping Artist, Choreographer, Dancer
	1986		The Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd was founded 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司	浙江 Zhejiang		台州 Taizhou, 浙江 Zhejiang
	1986		China Carbon Graphite Group, Inc. was founded
	1986		Luciano Pavarotti sang in the Great Hall of the People	北京 Beijing
	1986		民主进步党 Democratic Progressive Party was founded in Taiwan
	1986		国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划） The National High-tech R&D Program (863 Program) was implemented
	1986		The Yellow River Mother Sculpture was formed / sculpted	兰州 Lanzhou 甘肃 Gansu
	1986		Beijing Lucheng Sports Technical School 北京市芦城体育运动技术学校 and 北京市第三体育运动学校 Beijing Third Sports School were established	北京 Beijing
	1986		Construction of the 长江索道 (Yangtze River Cableway) began	重庆 Chongqing
	1986		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- First confirmed case of BSE (a neurodegenerative disease of cattle) in UK Later > 4 million cattle were killed to stop the outbreak -- US Space Shuttle Challenger disaster

	1987
	1987		秦始皇陵 Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Army and Horses included in the World Heritage List	陕西 Shaanxi
	1987		周口店北京人遗址 The Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site	北京 Beijing
	1987		The company 华为 Huawei was founded		Founder: 任正非 Ren Zhengfei
	1987		成都大熊猫繁育研究基地 Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding was established	四川 Sichuan
	1987		Portugal and China signed agreement Macau to be returned to China in 1999
	1987		澳门海事博物馆（Museu Marítimo de Macau）was officially opened	澳门 Macau
	1987		陕西牛背梁国家级自然保护区 Shaanxi Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve was established	陕西 Shaanxi
	1987		韬奋基金会 The Taofen Foundation was established			public welfare foundation in the news / press and publishing industry
	1987		The construction of the 长江索道 (Yangtze River Cableway) was completed and opened for operations	重庆 Chongqing
	1987		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament and Arms Control Act was passed (stemmed from anti-nuclear public opinion) -- The International Year of Shelter for the Homeless began

	1988
	1988		Uruguay established relations with China
	1988		大连万达集团股份有限公司 Dalian Wanda Group Co., Ltd. (Wanda Group or Wanda) was founded	4 major industrial groups: commerce, culture, real estate, finance
	1988		中国平安Ping An Insurance was founded
	1988		创维集团有限公司 Skyworth Group Co., Ltd. was founded	HQ: 深圳 Shenzhen
	1988		中国东方航空集团有限公司 (China Eastern Airlines) was founded
	1988		The towpath of the Eastern 浙江 Zhejiang Canal was listed as a major historical site protected at national level
	1988		11.6 澜沧地震 Lancang Earthquake
	1988		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Perestroika in the Soviet Union (program of economic and political restructuring) -- uprising in Myanmar -- Kader Abdolah (a pen name) arrived in the Netherlands as a political refugee (at the invitation of the UN) -- The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was formed

	1989
	1989		江泽民 Jiang Zemin started serving as General Secretary of the 中国共产党 CPC Central Committee
	1989		Birth of 黄文秀 Huang Wenxiu	广西 Guangxi	One of the heroines in China's war against Poverty	"Huang Wenxiu dedicated her youth and life to poverty alleviation" : President 习近平 Xi Jinping
	1989- 1990		Two homo erectus skulls were unearthed in Quyuan Estuary School in Yun County 郧县 in Hubei 湖北		Yunxian man - named after the county 郧县 where they were discovered	The skulls date back to a million years and are now housed in the Hubei Provincial Museum 湖北省博物馆
	1989		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The Berlin Wall came down -- The First Liberian War 1989-1996 -- The discovery of the Hepatitis C virus

	1990
	1990		China hosted the Asian Games (first time)	北京 Beijing
	1990		Diplomatic ties formalised between China and Singapore 新加坡 Indonesia 印度尼西亚 resumed diplomatic relations			Diplomatic ties between Indonesia 印度尼西亚 and China was suspended in 1967 when President Suharto came to power
	1990		黄山 Huangshan was listed as World Natural and Cultural Heritage Site	安徽 Anhui
	1990		A new building was dedicated to the 澳门海事博物馆（Museu Marítimo de Macau）	澳门 Macau
	1990		Refurbishment of the 五亭桥 Wuting Bridge that was built in 1757CE	扬州市 Yangzhou City 江苏 Jiangsu
	1990		The Asian Games was held in 北京 Beijing
	1990		李宁体育用品有限公司 Li-Ning Company Limited was founded			Brand motto: Make the Change
	1990		The Shanghai Stock Exchange was established
	1990		McDonald's opened its first restaurant in China	深圳 Shenzhen
	1990		First Hong Kong Book Fair	香港 Xianggang
	1990		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- the Reunification of Germany; the unification of Yemen, -- the formal beginning of the Human Genome Project -- excavation of Gua Gunung Runtuh and the discovery of the skeletal remains of the 11000-year-old Perak Man -- the League of Communists of Yugoslavia dissolved -- The Hubble Space Telescope was launched -- The QS World University Rankings was founded

	1991
	1991		The beginning of the ASEAN-China dialogue process
	1991		The Strategic Consultation meetings between China and Malaysia began as bilateral consultations			Malaysian and Chinese officials meet together at the Strategic Consultation meetings (held alternately between Malaysia and China) every year - Wikipedia
	1991		中华人民共和国和苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟关于中苏国界东段的协定 Sino-Soviet Border Agreement
	1991		香港 Hong Kong highest grossing movie in the year - "逃学威龙 Fight Back to School" was released
	1991		Floods in 安徽 Anhui
	1991		中国南方航空集团有限公司 China Southern Airlines officially established
	1991		西安咸阳国际机场 Xi'an Xianyang International Airport was officially completed and opened for operations	陕西 Shaanxi
	1991		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The Warsaw Radio Mast collapsed -- Mikhail Gorbachev resigns as president of the USSR -- Nanyang Technological University founded in Singapore -- Python programming language (created by Guido van Rossum) was first released -- GPS used by the US in the Gulf War
	1992
	1992		Retirement of 邓小平 Deng Xiaoping
	1992		China and 土库曼斯坦 Turkmenistan established diplomatic relations	For more, CLICK HERE
	1992		China and the Republic of Korea officially established diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level			Republic of Korea = South Korea
	1992		Publication of the book 摆脱贫困 (Eradication of Poverty)		A collection of articles and speeches by President Xi Jinping 习近平 on poverty eradication	Area of interest: Mindong 闽东; also known as Ningde 宁德 in the Province of Fujian 福建
	1992		Foundation of the 三星堆博物馆 Sanxingdui Museum laid			Location: northeast of the state-protected 三星堆Sanxingdui Site by the bank of the Yazi River in Guanghan 40 km north of 成都 Chengdu
	1992		李家山古墓群 Lijiashan Ancient Tombs were excavated	58 tombs & 2200 cultural relics		Location: 江川县 Jiangchuan County, 云南 Yunnan
	1992		武陵源 Wulingyan Scenic and Historic Interest Area listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site
	1992		China became a state party to the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons(NPT)
	1992		Croatia and China established diplomatic relations
	1992		The 主教公署 The Bishop's House (formally known as the Bishop's Residence) was re-constructed	澳门 Macau
	1992		Birth of 迪丽热巴 Dilireba Dilmurat model, actress and singer	新疆 Xinjiang	Shanghai Theatre Academy graduate 2013	Uyghur ethnicity - born in Urumqi, 新疆 Xinjiang
	1992		深圳康泰生物 Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products Co., Ltd was established			vaccine manufacturer
	1992		中国国际民间组织合作促进会 The China Association for NGO Cooperation (CANGO) - a non-profit membership organization - was founded
	1992		Louis Vuitton entered the Chinese market
	1992		石家庄以岭药业股份有限公司 Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical was founded	河北 Hebei
	1992		Birth of 周深 Zhou Shen	湖南 Hunan	Singer
	1992		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Los Angeles Riots;Over 12,000 arrested, 63 died -- Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - a convention signed to protect biodiversity -- First Karabakh War bet. Armenia and Azerbaijan -- Beginning of the Siege of Sarajevo

	1993
	1993		江泽民 Jiang Zemin became the 中华人民共和国主席 President of the People's Republic of China (1993-2003)
	1993		长城汽车 Great Wall Motors GMW started production of passenger cars			Headquarters: 保定Baoding City in 河北 Hebei
	1993		顺丰速运 SF Express - a logistics-based company was established	顺德区 Shunde, 广东 Guangdong
	1993		马化腾 Ma Huateng graduated with a computer degree from the 深圳大学 Shenzhen University
	1993		释迦牟尼 (天坛大佛）Sakyamuni (the Great Buddha in the Temple of Heaven) was completed	香港 Xianggang Hong Kong
	1993		上海浦东发展银行 Shanghai Pudong Development Bank (SPD Bank) opened	est. in 1992
	1993		科士达 KSTAR was founded 深圳 Shenzhen	solution provider		focus: R&D and Manufacturing of Data Center, PV Inverter, EV Charging & Energy Storage products
	1993		The Museum of Chinese History in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia was founded	see 1921 CE 1912 CE		the building was initially used as a court and later taken over by the Chinese Trade Council
	1993		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Excavation of Catalhoyuk site resumed -- The Mostar Bridge (Stari Most) built by the Ottomans in 1566 was destroyed by tank fire -- Mumbai Bombings -- The mathematical term "logistic regression" was published

	1994
	1994		布达拉宫 The Potala Palace was named a World Heritage Site	西藏 Xizang / Tibet
	1994		The 李家山青铜器博物馆 Lijia Mountain Bronze Museum was completed & opened	云南 Yunnan
	1994		Start of the Loess Plateau 黄土高原 restoration effort
	1994		The World Bank requested for the poverty reduction efforts in China to be filmed / documented
	1994		Airbus first established an official presence in China
	1994		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The end of the Apartheid (apart-ness) system in South Africa / Nelson Mandela elected President of South Africa -- Announcement of the release of QR code (Denso Wave, Japan)

	1995
	1995		比亚迪股份有限公司 BYD Co. Ltd.was founded	BYD "Build Your Dreams"
	1995		全民健康保险 National Health Insurance was implemented in 台湾 Taiwan
	1995		CCTV-5 (the Sports Channel) was officially launched	---a part of China Central Television
	1995		澳门国际机场 Aeroporto Internacional de Macau / Macao International Airport opened to air traffic	澳门 Macao
	1995		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The New York Times reported that gambling was the fastest-growing industry in the US -- End of the Bosnian War (started in 1992)

	1996
	1996		China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition (Airshow China) 中国国际航空航天博览会 - first show
	1996		The 夏商周断代工程 Xia Shang Zhou Chronology Project was launched
	1996		峨眉山 Mt Emei and 乐山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha designated UNESCO World Heritage
	1996		The Chinese Chamber of Commerce in Cambodia was founded
	1996		Discovery of the 中华龙鸟 Sinosauropteryx in the Jehol Biota (western 辽宁 Liaoning)			the fossil showed evidence of downy (feather) material (proto-feathers) -- structures that evolved to true feathers This discovery raised the question if dinosaurs were warm-blooded (like birds)
	1996		横店影视城 Heng Dian World Studios was set up	world largest at that time
	1996		丽江地震 Lijiang earthquake
	1996		Death of 周谷城 Zhou Gucheng		well-known Chinese historian, educator, and social activist
	1996		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Docklands Bombing in London - estimated 150 million pounds worth of damage -- France's last nuclear detonation in French Polynesia

	1997
	1997		Death of 邓小平 Deng Xiaoping
	1997		The 三星堆博物馆 Sanxingdui Museum was opened to the public			Location: northeast of the state-protected 三星堆 Sanxingdui Site by the bank of the Yazi River in Guanghan 40 km north of 成都 Chengdu
	1997		香港回归 Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong
	1997		New Yuanming Palace opened in 珠海 Zhuhai to commemorate the original Yuanmingyuan that was destroyed by the British and French Army in 1860
	1997		四川龙溪-虹口国家级自然保护区 Longxi-Hongkou National Conservation Area in Sichuan promoted to National NatureReserve of China
	1997		The large-scaled picture album Dunhuang Grottoes Art (22 volumes) won a national book award
	1997		恒大地产集团 The Evergrande Real Estate Group was founded
	1997		吉利汽车 Geely Auto entered the automobile industry
	1997		雅迪电动车 Yadea - producer of commercial electric two wheelers was established	HQ: 江苏无锡 Wuxi, Jiangsu
	1997		Chongqing became a municipality, directly under the administration of the central government.
	1997		平遥古城 The Ancient City of Pingyao was listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site	山西 Shanxi
	1997		苏州古典园林 Classical Gardens of Suzhou inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List	江苏 Jiangsu
	1997		广州汽车集团股份有限公司 Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd. was incorporated	广东 Guangdong
	1997		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- First International Carbon Market System (Kyoto Protocol) -- A rocket carrying a military GPS payload exploded Cape Canavera -- Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) first approved for treatment of Parkinson's Disease

	1998
	1998		The Summer Palace 颐和园 in 北京 Beijing was added to the World Heritage List			The Summer Palace 颐和园 is a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design 园林景观设计
	1998		China signed the Kyoto Protocol 京都议定书			The text of the Kyoto Protocol was adopted and was open for signature from March 16, 1998 to March 15, 1999.
	1998		Tencent Holdings Ltd was founded (腾讯) 深圳市腾讯计算机系统有限公司
	1998		京东 Jingdong - JD Multimedia was established			the business that would eventually become JD.com
	1998		China Petrochemical Corporation (the Company) was established			see 2018 CE
	1998		Floods - 长江 Changjiang, 嫩江 Nenjiang, Songhua River and 珠江 Zhujiang / Pearl River
	1998		Starbucks started operating in Taiwan	台湾 Taiwan
	1998		Construction of the 外滩观光隧道 The Bund Sightseeing Tunnel began	上海 Shanghai
	1998		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The Little Mermaid statue in Copenhagen, Denmark was decapitated and returned anonymously -- The Canadian government formally apologized for the past treatment of the indigenous people -- The Bellagio Hotel opened in Las Vegas (then most expensive hotel ever built in the world -- Google was founded -- Kazakhstan's capital Nur-Sultan came into existence

	1999
	1999		The Chinese National Congress decided to prioritize the development of the high- tech sectors			Two high-tech sectors, the ICT and biotechnology industries, were selected as China's crucial base for industrialization
	1999		Alibaba Group (e-commerce company) was founded	江浙 Zhejiang	马云 Jack Ma
	1999		大足石刻 Dazu Rock Carvings inscribed on UNESCO World Heritage List	重庆 Chongqing
	1999		First unmanned launch of 神舟一号 Shenzhou I
	1999		中国航天科技集团有限公司 China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation CASC was founded
	1999		安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Corp.,Ltd. (JAC Group) founded	徽安 Anhui
	1999		澳门 Macau returned to China by Portugal
	1999		The 中国核工业集团有限公司　 China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) was established
	1999		科大讯飞股份有限公司 (iFLYTEK CO.LTD.) was founded		刘庆峰 Liu Qingfeng
	1999		The 浙江钱江源国家森林公园 Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan National Park was designated as a national park	江浙 Zhejiang
	1999		武夷山 Mount Wuyi inscribed on the World Heritage List	福建 Fujian 江西 Jiangxi
	1999		上海外高桥造船有限公司 Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. was established	上海 Shanghai
	1999		Reorganization of 西北农林科技大学 Northwest A&F University merging scientific research institutions and universities	陕西 Shaanxi
	1999		Starbucks opened its first store in mainland China (Beijing)	北京 Beijing
	1999		German KA Schmersal manufacturing location went into production	上海 Shanghai		primarily supplying electrical control devices for lifts to East Asian markets
	1999		Name of 中国纺织大学 China Textile University was changed to 东华大学 Donghua University	上海 Shanghai		See 1985 CE
	1999		北京海洋馆 Beijing Aquarium started operations	北京 Beijing
	1999		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- the Euro was launched -- Second Liberian War 1999 - 2003 -- The G20 was formed -- Mount Blanc Tunnel Fire - Fatalities: 39 -- Nipah virus (NiV) was first discovered following an outbreak of disease in pigs and people in Malaysia and Singapore -- In the UAE The Burj Al Arab was completed

	2000
	2000		President 江泽民 Jiang Zemin visited Egypt
	2000		Baidu Inc. 百度 was founded.		李彦宏 Robin Li Yanhong 徐勇 Eric Xu Yong	Artificial Intelligence 人工智能 r�n gōng zh� n�ng and Internet-related products and services multinational company in technology
	2000		The first satellite of the Beidou Navigation System 北斗卫星导航系统 (Beidou-1A) was launched
	2000		大昭寺 ཇོ་ཁང། The Jokhang Temple became a UNESCO World Heritage Site			as an extension of 布达拉宫 The Potala Palace (World Heritage Site - 1994)
	2000		The Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and the Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology merged to become the Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (SIBCB)
	2000		The merger of 山东大学 Shandong University with Shandong Medical University & Shandong University of Technology
	2000		中国- 东盟自由贸易区 ASEAN-China Free Trade Area was proposed
	2000		China won 28 golds and ranked 3rd at the Olympics in Sydney
	2000		Starbucks opened in Hong Kong	香港 Xianggang
	2000		Intel Capital Asia-Pacific Portfolio Networking Event	北京 Beijing
	2000		The 外滩观光隧道 The Bund Sightseeing Tunnel began trial operation	上海 Shanghai
	2000		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Concorde Crash - Air France Flight 4590 109 people perished. -- The United States v. Microsoft Corp.: Rule: Microsoft violated the US antitrust laws -- The UN designated 2000 as The International Year for the Culture of Peace

	2001
	2001		China became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO)
	2001		2001 中国 APEC 峰会 2001 APEC Summit in China	上海 Shanghai		heads of states were provided with 唐 Tang-style apparel
	2001		The 2008 Summer Olympics was awarded to 北京 Beijing	北京 Beijing		awarded by the International Olympic Committee (IOC)
	2001		The Yuanpei Plan was launched			Purpose: reforming undergraduate education See: 蔡元培 Cai Yuanpei
	2001		Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation Between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation		President 江泽民 Jiang Zemin and President Vladimir Putin
	2001		神舟二号 Shenzhou 2 (unmanned spacecraft) was launched
	2001		中国社会科学院考古研究所 The Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences conducted a poll for China's 100 major archaeological discoveries in the 20th century
	2001		北京科兴生物制品有限公司 SINOVAC BIOTECH CO.,LTD. was founded
	2001		Death of 张学良 Zhang Xueliang		aka the "Young Marshal" (少帥)	instrumental in The Xi'an Incident (see 1936CE)
	2001		China and Russia created the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation			developed into a regional security grouping that also includes India, Pakistan and four other former Soviet republics: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan
	2001		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The animated movie "Spirited Away" was released -- September 11 attack on the US World Trade Center -- George W Bush inaugurated as US President -- World Toilet Organization founded -- UNESCO unanimously adopted The Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity
	2002
	2002		胡锦涛 Hu Jintao became 中国共产党中央委员会总书记 General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
	2002		Signing of the The 中国-东盟自由贸易区 ASEAN-China Free Trade Area framework
	2002		The Shanghai Library refurbished the Bibliotheca Zi-Ka-Wei building and designated it an 'Information Institute for Sino-Western Cultural Communication.'
	2002		Jiangsu General Science Technology Co., Ltd. was founded			a modern high-tech enterprise focusing on the R&D, production and sales of high-quality tires
	2002		China Electronic Technology Group Corporation (CETC) officially established			large-scale technology corporation in China covering all fields in electronic information
	2002		中海油田服务股份有限公司 China Oilfield Services Limited "COSL" was established
	2002		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Aerospace company SpaceX was founded

	2003
	2003		胡锦涛 Hu Jintao became 中华人民共和国主席 President of the People's Republic of China
	2003		Premier 温家宝 Premier Wen Jiabao proposal that CHINA-ASEAN (CAEXPO) Exposition to be held in Nanning City, Guangxi annually	广西 Guangxi
	2003		神舟五号 Shenzhou-5 spacecraft launched from 酒泉卫星发射中心 Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center		taikonaut (astronaut) 杨利伟 Yang Liwei	China's first manned spaceflight mission
	2003		First performance of 云南映象 Dynamic Yunnan	昆明会堂 Kunming, 云南 Yunnan
	2003		Construction of the 西溪大桥 Xixi Bridge started	福建 Fujian		西溪 (芗江) Xixi (Xiangjiang) waterway a tributary of 九龙江 Jiulong River
	2003		Construction of the 国家体育场 National Stadium; fondly known as 鸟巢 The Bird's Nest began			Completed in 2008CE for the Beijing Summer Olympics
	2003		A survey showed only 13 individual Hainan black-crested gibbons remained	海南 Hainan
	2003		Construction of the 新葡京酒店 The Grand Lisboa Hotel started	澳门 Macao
	2003		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The Human Genome Project - an international scientific research project was completed (it began in 1990) -- US invasion of Iraq -- Elon Musk's Tesla Inc. was incorporated

	2004
	2004		China-ASEAN Expo (CAEXPO) first held at the Nanning International Convention and Exhibition Centre (NICEC)	广西 Guangxi
	2004		President 胡锦涛 Hu Jintao visited Egypt
	2004		The new 广州白云国际机场 Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport was opened			The predecessor of the airport was the old Baiyun Airport built in 1932 CE
	2004		OPPO was founded	广东 Guangdong	陈明永 Chen Mingyong	Consumer electronics and mobile communications company
	2004		JD.com 京东 Jingdong was founded			See also 1998 CE
	2004		The Stone Forest of Yunnan inscribed as the first batch of UNESCO Geopark	云南 Yunnan
	2004		黄山 Huangshan designated UNESCO Global Geopark	安徽 Anhui
	2004		印象刘三姐 Impression Liu Sanjie was staged in 阳朔 Yangshuo 桂林 Guilin	广西 Guangxi	张艺谋 Zhang Yimou
	2004		青岛城市学院 Qingdao City University was founded	山东 Shandong
	2004		完美世界 Perfect World Games was founded
	2004		University of Nottingham Ningbo China was founded	浙江 Zhejiang
	2004		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Indian Ocean tsunami --Beef ingredients were removed from the Bovril formula --> vegetarian -- Spirit and Opportunity landed on Mars -- Facebook was founded

	2005
	2005		习近平 Xi Jinping stressed on the importance of the environment (eg clear waters and greenery) using 绿水青山就是金山银山	浙江 Zhejiang
	2005		July 11 named Maritime Day in China by State Council
	2005		Death of 巴金 Ba Jin		Author and political activist against the Japanese invasion	Author of the novel 家 (Family)
	2005		Ruinas da Antiga Catedral de Sao Paulo (the Ruins of St Paul's) was inscribed to the UNESCO World Heritage Site	澳门 Macao
	2005		The St. Dominic's Church in 澳门 Macao was placed on the World Heritage List	澳门 Macao
	2005		Peace Mission 2005 joint military exercise between China & Russia	山东 Shandong
	2005		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The world's largest passenger airliner Airbus A380 was shown to the public in France -- Linus Torvalds created Git - a free and open source version control system -- Category 5 Atlantic hurricane Katrina hit the US

	2006
	2006		China was elected to the Human Rights Council
	2006		BRIC was formed			Brazil, Russia, India, China
	2006		Montenegro and China established diplomatic relations
	2006		The Torch Festival of the 彝族 Yi ethnic group was listed by the State Council to be among China's first national intangible cultural heritage items			The Torch Festival is a folk custom of the 彝族 Yi ethnic group
	2006		Ruins of Shang Dynasty capital included in World Heritage List	河南 Henan 安阳 Anyang
	2006		Completion of the 西溪大桥 Xixi Bridge	福建 Fujian		西溪 (芗江) Xixi (Xiangjiang) waterway, a tributary of 九龙江 Jiulong River
	2006		Professor 袁隆平 Yuan Longping became foreign associate of the US National Academy of Sciences
	2006		The movie 满城尽带黄金甲 Curse of the Golden Flower was released		Director: 张艺谋 Zhang Yimao	武隆天坑三桥 The Three Natural Bridges of Wulong Tiān Kēng was a film location site
	2006		百度百科 Baidu Baike was formed
	2006		Large-scale mausoleum of Emperor Wen of Han 汉文帝 Emperor Han Wendi discovered
	2006		Construction of the Type 920 hospital ship started 和平方舟号医院船
	2006		The novel 何以笙箫默 (Eng title: Silent Separation) written by 顾漫 Gu Man was published		Author: 顾漫 Gu Man

	2006		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The United Nations Human Rights Council was founded -- Pluto was demoted to a dwarf planet -- Twitter was founded -- Astronomers who were gathered in Prague decided that the solar system had 8 planets (Pluto not included)

	2007
	2007		South China Karst inscribed on the World Heritage List			covering some 600,000 square kilometers
	2007		Malawi and China established diplomatic ties
	2007		China's first National Action Plan on Climate Change was published
	2007		Publication of 科学发展观研究 Research on the Scientific Outlook on Development			科学发展观 The Scientific Outlook on Development methodology/ concept has been attributed to President 胡锦涛 Hu Jintao who seeded it in 2003. A subtitle of the book: The scientific outlook on development has aptly summed up the experience of modern China's development practice
	2007		A fisherman accidentally discovered an ancient sunken ship 南澳1号/南澳1号古船 Nan'ao 1 ancient ship, full of porcelain
	2007		普洱哈呢族彝族自治县 Pu'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County renamed 宁洱哈呢族彝族自治县 Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County	云南 Yunnan
	2007		The Type 920 hospital ship was launched to sea 和平方舟号医院船
	2007		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Quad 1.0 (Japan, Australia,India, US) established -- The 1st-generation iPhone was announced by Steve Jobs -- The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples -- India's Tata Steel acquired British's steel giant Corus -- NASA (US) launched the Phoenix lander

	2008
	2008		Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics
	2008		国家能源局 The National Energy Administration was established
	2008		The book "Insights into Chinese Culture" was published		Authors: 叶朗 Ye Lang and 朱良志 Zhu Liangzhi	Both Professors of Philosophy at 北京大学 Peking University
	2008		Chinese white dolphins are included on the International Union for Conservation (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species
	2008		The Yunnan Provincial Museum 云南省博物馆 was opened to the public	云南 Yunnan
	2008		The Great Sichuan Earthquake or the Wenchuan Earthquake 汶川大地震	四川 Sichuan
	2008		Completion of the 天津桥园桥文化博物馆 Tianjin Qiaoyuan Bridge Culture Museum	天津 Tianjin	Architects: Zhang Hua, Fan Li/ Sunlay Design
	2008		Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd. (COMAC) 中国商飞 was founded			Headquarters in Shanghai 上海
	2008		中国民用航空局 The Civil Aviation Administration of China was established			CAAC
	2008		Fossils of a tiny pterosaur discovered	辽宁 Liaoning		The tiny flying reptile lived ~ 120 million years ago
	2008		The New Zealand-China Free Trade Agreement was signed
	2008		青岛站 (Qingdao Railway Station） reopened after renovation	山东 Shandong
	2008		新葡京酒店 The Grand Lisboa Hotel opened	澳门 Macao
	2008		The Hospital ship 866 (Peace Ark) 和平方舟号医院船 was commissioned
	2008		The South District of 三里屯Village南区 Sanlitun Village was completed and opened to the public	北京 Beijing
	2008		The movie 叶问 / Ip Man (later a series) starring 甄子丹 Donnie Yen was released
	2008		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- First African-American elected President of the United States (Barack Obama) -- Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd makes an historic apology to the Indigenous Australians & the Stolen Generations -- "Satoshi Nakamoto" published "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" -- Power up of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN

	2009
	2009		Construction of 港珠澳大桥 Hong Kong- Zhuhai-Macao Bridge started
	2009		The Global Times was launched
	2009		Death of 钱学森 Qian Xuesen			Aeronautical Engineer and Scientist
	2009		A rabbit and a rat bronze sculpture taken/stolen from the 圆明园 Old Summer Palace during the pillaging / burning by British and French armies were auctioned at Christie's	see also year 1860 CE		the owners expected a price of RMB200 million
	2009		Death of 任继愈 Ren Jiyu	Historian, philosopher, scholar of religious studies
	2009		The Child Development Matching Fund (CDMF) was founded	香港 Xianggang Hong Kong
	2009		Starbucks introduced its first blend that includes coffee beans from Yunnan	云南 Yunnan
	2009		陈楼糖瓜制作技艺 The craftsmanship of making Chenlou Sugar Melon was included in 山东 Shandong provincial intangible heritage	山东 Shandong
	2009		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The UN General Assembly declared 18th July as Nelson Mandela International Day -- Uber Technologies was founded

	2010
	2010		Shanghai Expo 2010
	2010		小米科技有限责任公司 Xiaomi Corporation was founded		雷军 Lei Jun
	2010		China hosted the Asian Games (second time)	广东 Guangdong
	2010		The inaugural Asian Para Games was held in 广州 Guangzhou	广东 Guangdong
	2010		上海港 The Port of Shanghai became the world's busiest container port			It overtook the Port of Singapore
	2010		Blue and white porcelain relics of the 元Yuan Dynasty discovered in the South China Sea by the Chinese underwater archaeology 中国南海水下考古 team
	2010		The induction of South Africa into BRICS
	2010		杨紫琼（Michelle Yeoh / Yeoh Choo Kheng）starred in 剑雨 Reign of Assassins
	2010		The new museum of Yuanmou People was officially opened to the public	云南 Yunnan		Yuanmou Ape Man Museum 元謀猿人博物館
	2010		The Shenzhen Astronomical Observatory was built	深圳 Shenzhen
	2010		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Earthquake in Haiti that killed est. 1/4 million people -- Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill -- Volcanic eruptions at Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland

	2011
	2011		屠呦呦 Tu Youyou received the Lasker Award in clinical medicine			See 2015 CE
	2011		Start of construction of FAST telescope in Guizhou 贵州	World's largest telescope
	2011		Chinese shadow puppetry inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
	2011		碧螺春 Biluochun tea was included as a national intangible cultural heritage
	2011		Bomb and knife attacks in 喀什 Kashgar, 新疆 Xinjiang
	2011		Launch of 天宫一号 Tiangong-1 (single- module space station)
	2011		May 19 named National Tourism Day
	2011		The two sections of 黄公望 Huang Gongwang ink-painted 富春山居图 Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains were "reunited" for display	one part - 剩山图 (the Remaining Mountain) the other - 无用师卷 Master Wuyong's Scroll		无用师卷 was shipped to 台湾 Taiwan from 乾隆帝 Qianlong' imperial palace during wartime Displayed in the National Palace Museum Taipei, Taiwan
	2011		萤火一号 Yinghuo-1 Mars exploration probe launched with Russian Fobos-Grunt sample return spacecraft. Fobos-Grunt/Phobos- Grunt failed to leave Earth's orbit.
	2011		袁隆平 Yuan Longping was presented the Mahathir Science Award			for his contribution in developing hybrid rice, which has lifted millions of people from starvation.
	2011		北京快手科技 Beijing Kuaishou Technology Co., Ltd (developer of video-sharing app 快手 Kuaishou) was founded		Founders: Su Hua (宿华) and Cheng Yixiao (程一笑)
	2011		CATL Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited (battery manufacturer) was established
	2011		北京海洋馆 Beijing Aquarium launched a new exhibition area - "Coral Garden, Jellyfish Secret Realm", also called Undersea Tour	北京 Beijing
	2011		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Earthquake, tsunami and nuclear catastrophes in Japan -- "60 Minutes" alleged the book "Three Cups of Tea" filled with inaccuracies

	2012
	2012		Xi Jinping习近平 elected general secretary of the CPC Central Committee
	2012		Xi Jinping习近平 made his first visit outside 北京 Beijing as general secretary of the CPC Central Committee	广东 Guangdong		in 莲花山 Lianhuashan (Lotus Flower Mountain), 深圳 Shenzhen Xi Jinping习近平 paid respect to late Chinese leader 邓小平 Deng Xiaoping
	2012		昆明长水国际机场 Kunming Changshui International Airport opened	云南 Yunnan
	2012		一席 Yixi TV videos released			platform for sharing knowledge
	2012		Planning for 华为 Huawei's own operating system - 鸿蒙 aka Harmony OS began
	2012		ByteDance Ltd was founded		Zhang Yiming
	2012		Terrorists attacked Yecheng in 新疆Xinjiang
	2012		703 ancient bridges in Shaoxing was published in a cultural heritage file
	2012		袁隆平 Yuan Longping delivered a public lecture on Hybrid Rice in Malaysia
	2012		渭桥遗址 Wei Bridge archaeological site was discovered	near 西安 Xian 陕西 Shaanxi
	2012		China sent two pandas to Singapore			The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) launched the 2012 Giant Panda Commemorative Coins
	2012		The Southeast University-Monash University Joint Graduate School (Suzhou) was established
	2012		Afghanistan was given observer status in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation formed in 2001CE
	2012		The Graduate School of CAS (GSCAS) was renamed The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS)
	2012		Royole - a flexible technology company - was founded	深圳 Shenzhen
	2012		China's cultural industry's share of GDP = 3.36% 文化产业占GDP比重 3.36%			See Year 2020 CE
	2012		Number of of public libraries = 3076 公共图书馆数量 3076			See Year 2021 CE
	2012		Number of museums = 3069 博物馆数量 3069			See Year 2021 CE
	2012		The foundation stone of 中国华润大厦 China Resources Tower was officially laid	深圳 Shenzhen
	2012		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- the inauguration of The Shard (the tallest building in London) --the cultural landscape of Bali Province: the Subak System placed on UNESCO's World Heritage List -- Evi was bought by Amazon and Alexa was born -- Songdo IBD became home to the United Nations Green Climate Fund (GCF)

	2013
	2013		President Xi Jinping习近平 assumed office of the President of the People's Republic of China
	2013		President Xi Jinping习近平 urged governments at all levels to promote its Precise Poverty Alleviation program 精准扶贫
	2013		President Xi Jinping习近平 announced the 一带一路 Belt and Road Initiative
	2013		President 习近平 Xi Jinping made a speech titled "Promote People-to-People Friendship and Create a Better Future"			at Kazakhstan's Nazarbayev University Proposes to Build a Silk Road Economic Belt with Central Asian Countries
	2013		President Xi put forward the vision of "building a community with a shared future for mankind"
	2013		Chinese 珠算Zhusuan, knowledge and practices of mathematical calculation through the 算盘abacus inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
	2013		金佛山 Jinfo Mountain in 南川区 Nanchuan District approved as a national AAAAA level scenic spot			中华人民共和国国家旅游局 China National Tourism Administration
	2013		红河哈尼 Honghe Hani Rice Terraces in 云南 Yunnan inscribed on UNESCO World Heritage
	2013		China's direct investment in Africa exceeds USD 50billion			as reported by National Geographic
	2013		A rabbit and a rat bronze sculpture taken/stolen from the 圆明园 Old Summer Palace during the pillaging / burning by British and French armies were eventually returned	see 2009 CE and 1860 CE
	2013		重庆美术馆 Chongqing Art Museum was opened to the public
	2013		Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) 贾庆林 Jia Qinglin visited Malaysia
	2013		The 34-volume "Sequel to the Chinese Christian Texts from the Zi-Ka-Wei Library" was published			history of Christianity in China
	2013		President Joe Biden visited China and met with President 习近平 Xi Jinping	北京 Beijing		at that time, Joe Biden was the Vice President
	2013		Discovery of the Entelognathus at the Xiaoxiang fossil site	云南 Yunnan		Entelognathus meaning �complete jaw� 419 million year old armoured fish
	2013		The Network of ASEAN-China Think- Tanks (NACT) was proposed		Chinese Premier 李克强	proposed by the Premier
	2013		马伊琍 Ma Yili appointed as Special Advocate for Breastfeeding and Early Child Development.			(first teamed up with UNICEF China) See also 2015
	2013		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Boston Marathon bombing -- Death of Nelson Mandela (leader of anti-apartheid movement) -- Norway's longest suspension bridge - Hardanger Bridge - opened -- DeepMind published research on AI system to challenge humans -- The Human Brain Project started -- Rana Plaza collapse - Dhaka, Bangladesh -- Mayflower oil spill in the US

	2014
	2014		President Xi Jinping 习近平's speech to students and teachers during a Young Pioneers event in conjunction with International Children's Day		President Xi quoted from Liang Qichao 梁启超's "Young China" and mentioned four ancient sages:老子, 孔子, 孟子, 庄子	The speech is featured in in the book "Xi Jinping The Governance of China" Topic: "Foster and Practice Core Socialist Values from Childhood"
	2014		President Xi Jinping 习近平's speech at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris, France			"Civilizations have come in different colors, and such diversity has made exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations relevant and valuable" Also in this speech President Xi Jinping 习近平 quoted The Mencius (Meng Zi 孟子 372 BCE - 289 BCE)
	2014		Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi's state visit to China
	2014		世界互联网大会 World Internet Conference / 乌镇峰会 Wuzhen Summit was first held	浙江 Zhejiang
	2014		Chimelong Ocean Kingdom Theme Park 珠海长隆度假区 in Zhuhai 珠海 was opened.
	2014		商汤科技 SenseTime was founded			An artificial intelligence company
	2014		The Kizil Thousand-Buddha Caves in 新疆 Xinjiang were included in the UNESCO World Heritage List			The Kizil Thousand-Buddha Caves are the earliest known Buddhist cave complex in China.
	2014		苍山 Cangshan recognised as a UNESCO world geo-park	云南 Yunnan
	2014		Archaeological works carried out on 渭桥 Wei Bridge in the area of 厨城门 Chuchengmen Bridge	渭桥遗址 Wei Bridge archaeological site was discovered in 2012
	2014		NIO (蔚来汽车) - an intelligent electric vehicle brand - was established	上海 Shanghai
	2014		Construction of the 2,200-meter bridge between Nizhneleninskoye in Russia and 同江 Tongjiang city began	黑龙江 Heilongjiang
	2014		India and China jointly co-sponsored the resolution adopting the International Day of Yoga in the United Nations
	2014		Terrorist attack on the Ailixihu township government and a local police station	新疆 Xinjiang
	2014		QI-ANXIN Technology Group Inc. (QI-ANXIN) was founded	cybersecurity products & services		Official Cyber Security Services and Anti-Virus Software Sponsor of the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games Beijing 2022
	2014		腾讯 Tencent introduced the e-hongbao function in 微信 WeChat
	2014		Ant Group - an affiliate company of the Alibaba Group - was founded			was formerly known as Ant Financial and Alipay
	2014		Algeria established a comprehensive strategic partnership with China			the first Arab country to do so
	2014		People.cn releases new logo People.cn unveiled new visual identity system
	2014		杭州涂鸦信息技术有限公司 Tuya Inc. was founded	浙江 Zhejiang		Global IoT Developer Service Provider
	2014		scroll to the right to see what happened to other parts of the world				-- Connection made for two of History's deadliest plagues - caused by same microbe Justinian Plague (killed 30-50 million people) and Black Death (killed 50 million Europeans) -- Discovery of a brass coin minted during the 清 Qing Dynasty on Elcho Island off the Northern Territory of Australia --> indicating possibly the first evidence of trade between Aboriginal Australians and China -- Google bought DeepMind -- Disappearance of Flight MH370

	2015
	2015		屠呦呦 Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine			Her discovery of 青蒿素 artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin is used to treat malaria - saving millions of lives in South China, Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America.
	2015		Launch of the 3rd Generation Beidou navigation satellite system 北斗卫星导航系统			Satellite Navigation System for worldwide coverage
	2015		CPEC (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor) announced and agreement signed
	2015		President Xi Jinping 习近平 visited Imperial College London			A series of China-UK education and research collaborations announced.
	2015		Opening of the new site of 云南省博物馆 the Yunnan Provincial Museum along Guangfu Road near the Guandu Ancient Town 官渡古镇
	2015		拼多多 Pinduoduo was founded by PDD Holdings
	2015		The World Figure Skating Championships was held in 上海 Shanghai
	2015		曹家湾站 Caojiawan station of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 6 was opened			Location: Central Expressway of Beibei District The station has many nicknames including but not limited to the "metro station in the middle of nowhere"
	2015		The name 成都天府国际机场 Chengdu Tianfu International Airport was approved		Civil Aviation Administration of China
	2015		第22 届国际历史科学大会 The 22nd International Congress of Historical Sciences was held in 济南 Jinan	山东 Shandong
	2015		The novel 何以笙箫默 by 顾漫 Gu Man was adapted into a movie titled (in Eng.) "You Are My Sunshine" starring 杨幂 Yang Mi		Author: 顾漫 Gu Man
	2015		马伊琍 Ma Yili joins UNICEF China officially as a National Ambassador			See also 2013 CE
	2015		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				- Drafting of the Paris Agreement in Le Bourget, France - Same sex marriage became a right in the US -- Refugio oil spill in the US

	2016
	2016		President Xi Jinping习近平 visited Egypt
	2016		President Xi Jinping visited Cambodia
	2016		China and the World Health Organisation (WHO) signed a memorandum of understanding in support of Health Silk Road (HSR)
	2016		Evidence of silk dating back 8,500 years found in 3 tombs at 贾湖Jiahu Neolithic site	阳舞 Wuyang county 河南 Henan
	2016		抖音 Douyin was launched by ByteDance	北京 Beijing
	2016		Re-creation of Rabindranath Tagore's visit to China in 1924CE		between R. Tagore's great grand nephew Prof SN Tagore and 鲁迅 Lu Xun's grandson Zhou Ling Fei
	2016		The 二十四节气 Twenty-Four Solar Terms, knowledge in China of time and practices developed through observation of the sun's annual motion was listed on World's Intangible Cultural Heritage list
	2016		April 24 named as Space Day
	2016		FAST telescope got its first light	World's largest telescope		FAST - Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope 500米口径球面射电望远镜
	2016		Construction of 成都天府国际机场 Chengdu Tianfu International Airport officially began	四川 Sichuan
	2016		The 奋斗者 Fendouzhe (Striver) project was launched
	2016		CXMT Changxin Memory Technologies Inc.长鑫存储技术有限公司 was founded	合肥 Hefei 安徽 Anhui
	2016		墨子号量子科学实验卫星 Quantum Experiments at Space Scale / QUESS launched	world's first quantum communication satellite		内蒙古 Inner Mongolia
	2016		A 唐伯虎 Tang Bohu / 唐寅 Tang Yin's calligraphy scroll sold for 60 million yuan at a 北京 Beijing auction			唐伯虎 Tang Bohu (b 1470CE) - one of the Four great southern talents of the Ming
	2016		Paddle Paddle officially open-sourced to professional communities	independent R&D deep learning platform
	2016		Prehistoric relics of 大汶口 Dawenkou Culture unearthed from Jiangsu tombs	江苏 Jiangsu
	2016		Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art Cultural Landscape inscribed in World Heritage List	广西 Guangxi
	2016		Uruguay and China established strategic partnership
	2016		Debut of forensic crime series 法医秦明 "Medical Examiner Dr. Qin"
	2016		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- The signing of the Paris Agreement - World's first comprehensive climate agreement -- AlphaGo defeated Lee Sedol by 4-1 -- General elections held in Uganda -- Battle of Mosul

	2017
	2017		Chinese scientists built the world's first quantum computing machine
	2017		Successful launch and docking of cargo spacecraft 天舟一号 Tianzhou-1 with 天宫二号 Tiangong-2
	2017		President Xi Jinping announced that China will hold 中国国际进口博览会 China International Import Expo (CIIE) starting from 2018
	2017		President Xi's state visit to Finland
	2017		Malaysia and China signed a memorandum of understanding for BRI cooperation
	2017		Agreement between China and Laos to jointly build a community with strategic significance for a shared future
	2017		抖音 Douyin was taken overseas by ByteDance (branding it as TikTok)
	2017		RCA and General Electric (GE) lost a tort case (re corporate practice of outsourcing toxic manufacturing work) in 台湾 Taiwan
	2017		鼓浪屿 Gulangyu / Gulang Island listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site
	2017		Death of Zhou Youguang 周有光 zhōu yǒu guāng		Father of Pinyin 拼音 pīn yīn
	2017		Start of the documentary series 国家宝藏 National Treasures	1st Season
	2017		Reported start of the construction of 白鹤滩水电站 Baihetan Hydropower Station/Crane Beach Hydropower Station
	2017		东北虎豹国家公园 Northeast Tiger Leopard National Park officially inaugurated
	2017		China initiated a trilateral foreign ministerial relationship with Afghanistan and Pakistan
	2017		泉州 Quanzhou established sister-city relation with 沙捞越古晋 the city of Kuching in 马来西亚 Malaysia	建福 Fujian
	2017		Excavation works on the mausoleum of Emperor Wen of Han 汉文帝 Emperor Han Wendi started	see 2006 CE
	2017		瑞幸咖啡 Luckin Coffee was founded / opened its first store
	2017		Opening of Shanghai Starbucks Reserve Roastery	上海 Shanghai
	2017		scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- QUAD 2.0 (Japan, the US, Australia, India) restarted -- Mass evacuation ordered over flooding threat from Lake Oroville dam -- Formal Brexit negotiations began -- official notice that the US would stop participating in the Paris Agreement on climate change given

	2018
	2018		President Xi met with the crew of Sichuan Airlines during which the following was emphasised: 伟大出自平凡，英雄来自人民 (could be xlated as Greatness comes from the ordinary / mediocrity, while heroes come from the people.)			“中国民航英雄机组”
	2018		Launch of 雪龙2号极地考察船 XUELONG 2 polar expedition ship	China's first domestically constructed polar research icebreaker		Video: https://youtu.be/DM84w1ddwXc
	2018		First 中国国际进口博览会 China International Import Expo (CIIE)
	2018		港珠澳大桥 Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge opened to traffic
	2018		The Advisory Council of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation was established
	2018		Application of nuclear technology by CNNC in the fields of medicine, environmental protection, biology and agriculture (etc)		China National Nuclear Corporation	see 1999 CE
	2018		四川龙溪-虹口国家级自然保护区 Longxi-Hongkou National Conservation Area in Sichuan was awarded the title of 全国林业科普基地 "National Forestry Science Popularization Base"
	2018		A 3000-year-old bronze vessel looted from the 圆明园 Old Summer Palace in 1860 was returned to China	It was then formally put on display at the 中国国家博物馆 National Museum of China		See also the year 1860CE when British and French Armies destroyed the 圆明园 Old Summer Palace
	2018		Lum medicinal bathing of Sowa Rigpa, knowledge and practices concerning life, health and illness prevention and treatment among the Tibetan people in China was inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
	2018		The Asset Management Association of China issued Guidelines for Green Investment			supervised by China Securities Regulatory Commission
	2018		北京智源人工智能研究院 The Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence (BAAI) was set up.
	2018		黄山 Huangshan designated UNESCO Biosphere Reserve	安徽 Anhui
	2018		The "Dragon Man" ancient skull was dug up again	see year 1933
	2018		The Shaanxi Academy of Forestry added vast amounts of land for panda breeding and research center
	2018		China and the Vatican signed the provisional agreement on the appointment of bishops	北京 Beijing
	2018		Actor, singer, producer 古天乐 Gu Tianle embarked on charity work in schools in 贵州 Guizhou	古天乐慈善基金 "Gu Tianle Charity Fund"
	2018		China filed more than 30,000 public patents for AI
	2018		北京脑科学与类脑研究中心 Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing was founded	北京 Beijing
	2018		The first generation Kunlun chip was launched 百度 Baidu
	2018		洱海生态廊道 The Erhai Ecological Corridor project was launched	云南 Yunnan
	2018		China Petrochemical Corporation was incorporated as a limited liability corporation			see 1998 CE
	2018		Royole began mass producing fully flexible displays in volume - including folding phones			see also 2012 CE
	2018		The 中国华润大厦 China Resources Tower was completed	深圳 Shenzhen
	2018		White Paper on the Development of China's Top 100 Regions / Districts
	2018		马伊琍 Ma Yili appeared on a TV programme advocating the importance of reading			see also 2013 CE and 2015 CE
	2018		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- Microsoft acquired GitHub for USD 7.5billion -- The EU rolled out (implemented) the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
							-- President Emmanuel Macron of France said that his country would give back 26 looted treasures to the African state of Benin
	2019
	2019		嫦娥四号 Chang'e 4 landed on the far side / dark side of the moon.	First spacecraft in the history of mankind to reach the part of the moon never visible from Earth
	2019		President 习近平 Xi Jinping delivered the keynote speech "Deepening Exchanges and Mutual Learning Among Civilizations For an Asian Community with a Shared Future
	2019		China's first domestic aircraft carrier 山东舰 Shandong was officially listed
	2019		Construction of China's first domestically-made large-scale cruise ship 爱达·魔都号（Adora Magic City） officially began	上海 Shanghai
	2019		The World Bank valued China's economy at USD23.4 trillion in PPP purchasing power parity terms			The World Bank valued the US and the EU's economy both at USD 21 trillion each
	2019		China established 474 national nature reserves			Total coverage area: ~ 1 million square kilometers
	2019		The BRI International Green Development Coalition (BRIGC) was established
	2019		桂林阳朔遇龙河风景区 Guilin Yangshuo Yulong River Tourist Resort was designated as a national level tourist resort
	2019		COVID-19 virus 病毒 outbreak	武汉 Wuhan
	2019		Actress 刘亦菲 Liu Yifei voiced support 香港 HongKong law enforcement and some people called for a boycott of her movie Mulan
	2019		港铁 Mass Transit Railway (MTR) was vandalised	香港 Hong Kong
	2019		Event of Ministry of Foreign Affairs MFA Presenting 青海 Qinghai Province
	2019		上海工程技术大学 The Shanghai University of Engineering Science became first 5G covered/enabled campus			with its 5G+artificial intelligence application innovation laboratory
	2019		China had total renewable energy capacity of 790 Gigajoules per second
	2019		President 习近平 Xi Jinping carried out inspection tour of 河南 Henan	河南 Henan		stressed again on the protection and high quality development of 黄河 Huanghe / The Yelow River
	2019		Death of 黄文秀 Huang Wenxiu	广西 Guangxi	One of the heroines in China's war against Poverty	"Huang Wenxiu dedicated her youth and life to poverty alleviation" President 习近平 Xi Jinping
	2019		南方澳跨海大桥 The Nanfangao Sea- crossing Bridge collapsed	台湾 Taiwan
	2019		Birth of "F9C" a 长江 Changjiang (Yangtze River) dolphin
	2019		华为 Huawei's proprietary operating system 鸿蒙 Harmony OS unveiled	see 2012CE
	2019		China overtook US in AI patent rankings
	2019		New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited China
	2019		Announcement on the launch of the new foreign aid logo with 中国援助 and the corresponding English words “CHINA AID” and "FOR SHARED FUTURE"
	2019		China officially launches 5G networks			November 1
	2019		Scroll to the right to see what happened in other parts of the world				-- An estimated 1 BILLION animals were killed in the Australian Bushfires Melbourne's air quality was the worst in the world during the fires. -- Missing piece of Stonehenge returned to UK by US -- Global emissions of CO2 reached 36.8 billion metric tons

	2020
	2020		The 600th anniversary celebration of the 明 Ming / 清 Qing 北京故宫 Imperial Palace (紫禁城 Forbidden Palace)			See also 1406 CE and 1420 CE
	2020		Components of the 50 MW wind power project transported to Kostanay of Kazakhstan
	2020		The first sequences of the COVID-19 genome were released on the Internet
	2020		FAST telescope fully operational	World's largest telescope
	2020		Planetary exploration missions named as 天问 Tianwen series First Mars exploration mission named as 天问一号 Tianwen-1	launched atop 长征五号 Long March 5
	2020		The HL-2M EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak) was switched on	-- aka "artificial sun"
	2020		太极拳 Taijiquan was listed as UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
	2020		In the 1st Quarter, ASEAN temporarily overtook the EU as China's top trading partner
	2020		Evidence of chromosomes, DNA preserved in dinosaur fossils announced	-- dated back 75mil years ago	Alida Bailleul, of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences	Mary Schweitzer, of North Carolina State University in the United States
	2020		Chinese research team achieved quantum computational advantage The 九章 Jiuzhang - a photonics quantum computer prototype was built		Team includes renowned Chinese quantum physicist 潘建伟 Pan Jianwei	Pan is a professor of physics at the 中国科学技术大学 University of Science and Technology of China
	2020		Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum reopened	after 3 years of renovation
	2020		北京海洋馆 Beijing Aquarium was rated as the first Beijing Internet celebrity cultural landscape check-in destination by the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism	北京 Beijing
	2020		Death of 李冠兴 Li Guanxing		Academician of 中国工程院 Chinese Academy of Ｅngineering and nuclear material expert
	2020		The length of China's railway system stood at 146,000 kilometers
	2020		区域全面经济伙伴关系协定 The RCEP Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership a free trade agreement among Asia-Pacific nations was signed	initiated in 2012
	2020		Construction of 塔什库尔干红其拉甫机场 (Tashikuergan Hongqilafu Airport/ Tashkurgan Airport) officially began
	2020		China's cultural industry's share of GDP = 4.43% 文化产业占GDP比重 4.43%			See Year 2012 CE
	2020		Wu Yunjie started collecting information on cultural relic protection units under the protection of governments at different levels and uploaded the data to a mapping software

	2021
	2021
	2021		上海 Shanghai and 深圳 Shenzhen had an annual disposable income of USD 12,100
	2021		贵州 Guizhou had an annual disposable income of USD 3500	贵州 Guizhou
	2021		Number of of public libraries = 3215 公共图书馆数量 3215			See Year 2012 CE
	2021		Number of museums = 5772 博物馆数量 5772			See Year 2012 CE
	2021		北京动物园 Beijing Zoo extended it opening hours
	2021		成都天府国际机场 Chengdu Tianfu International Airport was officially opened	四川 Sichuan

	2022
	2022		First test flights began at 塔什库尔干红其拉甫机场 (Tashikuergan Hongqilafu Airport/Tashkurgan Airport)
	2022		Temu - 拼多多 Pinduoduo 's cross border platform - launched